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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic and symbiotic characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium spp. nodulating mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](CCSHAU, 2008) Sandeep Kumar; Yadav, A. S.Twenty-one WT strains of Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) were isolated purified and tested for their ability to form nodules on the mungbean plants. These WT strains were screened for PHB production on Beringer’s MM with Nile blue A under UV light. The two WT strains MBR 16 and MBR 25 produced high amount of PHB and these were used to isolate PHB mutants. Three types of mutants were isolated and characterized as MHt, MM and ML mutants. The MHt mutants produced highest amount of PHB, whereas ML mutants produced very low amount of PHB. The Maximum amount of PHB was found in MBR 16 MHt 1 i. e. 1.24 g/l. The antibiotic resistance pattern of parent strains and their mutants was almost same. The symbiotic effectivity of parent strains and their mutants on mugbean plants showed that the MHt mutants had higher shoot dry weight and total shoot nitrogen than the MM and ML mutants. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the amount of PHB produced and shoot dry weight and total shoot nitrogen of the munbean plants.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of time of planting and gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth and flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)(CCSHAU, 2008) Sandeep Kumar; Sharma, Jeet RamThe present investigations entitled, “Effect of time of planting and gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth and flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” were carried out at the experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2007-08. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD design having seven planting times (last week of February to last week of May) and three gibberellic acid treatments (0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) with three replications. Days taken for initiation and complete of sprouting of bulbs were less when bulbs were planted in month of May. The plant growth in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant and average length of leaves were recorded maximum in 10th April planting which is statistically at par with 23rd March planting, whereas, minimum in 23rd May planting. The days taken for spike initiation, opening of first floret and 50% flowering were recorded minimum in 10th April planting, whereas, maximum in 21st February planting. The duration of flowering was recorded maximum in 10th April planting and minimum in 23rd May planting. The maximum number of spikes per plant was recorded 10th April planting which was at par with 25th April and 23rd March plantings. The maximum length of spike, length of rachis and number of florets per spike were observed in 10th April planting. In case of bulb production, the number of bulbs per plant, weight of bulbs per plant and size of bulbs (dia.) were observed maximum in 10th April planting, whereas, minimum in 23th May planting. Maximum plant height, number of leaves per plant and average length of leaves were recorded with foliar application of gibberellic acid at 100 ppm. Minimum days taken for spike initiation, opening of first floret, and 50% flowering were recorded with GA3 at 100 ppm. The duration of flowering was also recorded maximum with GA3 at 100 ppm. Maximum length of spike, length of rachis and number of florets per spike were observed with GA3 at 100 ppm. This concentration of GA3 also resulted in production of maximum number of bulbs per plant and size of bulbs (dia.) which was statistically at par with 50 ppm treatment. The weight of bulbs per plant was recorded maximum with GA3 application at 50 ppm.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of commercial floriculture in north Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Sandeep Kumar; Sheoran, D.K.The study entitled ‘Problems and Prospects of Commercial Floriculture in North Haryana’, was undertaken with specified objectives:-to explore the knowledge level of floriculturists; to identify the training needs of floriculturists; to find out the constraints( problems) encountered by the floriculturists and to develop a strategy for flower cultivation for sustainable development. The present study was conducted in Ambala and Karnal districts from north zone of Haryana state with randomly taken sample of 60 farmers, from each district The study revealed that majority of respondents belonged to young to middle age group, had medium level of education, socio-economic status, change proneness, extension contact and scienticism but high level of mass media exposure and risk orientation. Overall knowledge level of floriculture was medium. Knowledge about concept, importance, harvesting, packing and marketing in floriculture, majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge. In case of flower varieties, agronomic practices and fertilizer application majority of the respondents had low level of knowledge. It was noted that variable viz. age, education, socio economics status and extension contacts were highly significant and positively associated with knowledge level of floriculturists. The land holding, mass media exposure, irrigation facilities, change proneness, scienticism were found positively and significant related. Further the study highlighted that age, education and scienticism were found significantly and positively associated with the knowledge level of flower cultivation. Whereas remaining background characteristics were found significantly. Procurement of planting materials and purchase of fertilizer, pesticides and micronutrients by farmers were mostly obtained from the private sector followed by co-operative sector. In flower crops cultivation, marigold is the dominate crop in north Haryana followed by gladiolus and rose. The flower growers mostly had to hire vehicle to sale of flowers. The most felt training needs as perceived by farmers were plant disease management, followed by post harvest handling of flowers, use of biproduct and application of herbicides. The major constraint in flower cultivation as perceived by farmers were non-availability of inputs at proper time at village level, non-availability of quality seeds, no support price for flowers, problems of middle men in marketing, use of seed without treatment, lack of guidance about insect’s pests and diseases. As far as the prospects of flower cultivation, flower fetches good market price was ranked 1st, more demand outside the India was ranked 2nd, better for additional income, high price of flowers, gives assured income, quick production, demand is increasing day by day, low production cost and easy to produce, were reported as major prospects of floriculture. Reports and studies reliably indicate that export potential of flowers and consumption, within India, will increase as trend indicates, as not only the aesthetics uses but medicinal value of flowers had also been realised, so the prospects of flowers are bright.ThesisItem Open Access Marker assisted selection for fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sandeep Kumar; Kharb, PushpaThe present investigation on marker assisted selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight in chickpea was conducted with the objectives to screen the F3 genotypes of two crosses of chickpea for QTLs conferring resistance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight and to phenotype F 3-4 genotypes having QTLs resistant for Fusarium wilt under artificial conditions and Ascochyta blight under natural conditions. For selection of genotypes carrying QTL(s) for disease resistance, 96 genotypes of F3 generation along with parents HC 1 and H 91-36, and 68 genotypes of F 3 generation along with their parents GNG 663 and H 04-99 were used for Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight. 20 SSR primers linked to QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (8 SSR primers) and Ascochyta blight (12 SSR Primers) were used. These 20 SSR were used to discriminate the parental genotypes in which for wilt 3 SSR primers and for blight 4 SSR primers showed polymorphism in cross HC 1 × H 91-36 while for wilt 6 SSR primers and for blight 8 SSR primers showed polymorphism in cross GNG 663 × H 04-99. By using the primers showed polymorphism for both Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight, 52 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 64 genotypes for Ascochyta blight from cross HC 1 × H 91-36 were found having resistant QTLs. 50 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 48 genotypes for Ascochyta blight from cross GNG 663 × H 04-99 were found having resistant QTLs. In cross HC 1 × H 91-36, 14 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 20 genotypes for Ascochyta blight highly resistant while in cross GNG 663 × H 04 99, 20 genotype for Fusarium wilt and 17 genotypes for Ascochyta blight highly resistant were found. In collective investigation, 3 genotypes highly resistant and 6 genotypes resistant for both Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight were found in the cross HC 1 x H 91-36 and 6 genotypes highly resistant and 2 genotype resistant for both Fusarium wilt Ascochyta blight were found in the cross GNG 663 x H 04-99.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different planting methods on growth and agrometeorological indices of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2014) Sandeep Kumar; Diwan SinghA field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2011 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Kaul, India to study the comparative performance of scented/basmati rice (CSR 30) under five different methods of planting viz., machine transplanting under pudlled and unpuddled conditions, direct seeding under vattar conditions, direct seeding under zero tillage (with residue), conventional practice (nursery raising) in a randomised block design with three replications. Among different methods plant height and dry matter were significantly higher at all growth stages under M1 and M5 as compared to remaining planting methods. Likewise, the yield attributes were also significantly better under M1 and M5. However, the methods of planting had little effect on various growth and agrometeorological indices and values of these were at par. Mechanical transplanting under puddled conditions gave better results in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield attributes such as grain yield, straw yield, number of effective tillers, panicle weight, test weight under agroclimatic conditions of Kaul, the growth indices and agrometeorological indices being at par with other planting methods.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of herbicides in black gram and their residual effect on succeeding mustard crop(CCSHAU, 2014) Sandeep Kumar; Bhattoo, M.S.Evaluation of herbicides in black gram and their residual effect on succeeding mustard crop was studied at Research farm of Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar during kharif 2013 and Rabi 2013-14. Weed flora of the experimental field was dominated by Trianthema portulacastrum (83%), Cyperus rotundus (15%) and Convolvulus arvensis (2%) at 30 DAS. PRE application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha -1 provided excellent control (90%) of Trianthema portulacastrum up to 30 DAS. At 60 DAS, percent control with this treatment decreased to 73% which was at par with two hoeings employed at 20 & 40 DAS and pendimethalin at 1000 g ha -1 used as PRE. Post-emergence use of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) at 60-80 g ha -1 exhibited 78-83 % control of weeds with slight crop suppression which mitigated within 10-15 days after spray but resulting adverse effect on crop growth and yield. Early post-emergence application of imazethapyr at 50, 60 and 70 g ha -1 although caused mild injury to black gram in terms of yellowing of leaves and stunted crop growth up to 30, but it diminished within two weeks. Maximum seed yield (903 kg ha -1 ) of black gram was obtained with two hoeings at 20 & 40 DAS which was at par with imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha -1 and pendimethalin at 1000 g ha -1 applied as PRE. All herbicides, irrespective of their dose and time of application, did not cause any injury to mustard planted as succeeding crop after harvest of black gram due to enhanced microbial degradation of herbicides due to high rainfall (477 mm) during crop growing season.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the biology and population dynamics of rice whitebacked planthopper, sogatella furcifera (Horvath) on rice(CCSHAU, 2013) Sandeep Kumar; Lakhai RamStudies on biology and population dynamics of whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) were carried out in the screen house and field at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, rice research station, Kaul (Kaithal) during Kharif 2011 and 2012. The eggs were laid in cluster of 5-30 eggs. The maximum (71.96%) eggs were laid in leaf sheath of plant followed by midrib (16.66%) and stem (11.36%). The eggs hatched in 5-9 days with an average of 8.6±0.24 days. The hatchability was 84.21 per cent. Nymph passed through five instars to became an adult. Mean duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars were 2.05±0.05, 2.30±0.12, 2.60±0.11, 2.70±0.10 and 2.95±0.11 days with a range 2-3, 2-4, 2-3, 2-3 and 2-4 days, respectively. The total nymphal period was 12.6 days (range 11-14 days). On an average 89 per cent nymphs survived and became adult. The sex ratio was 1.0:0.78 (male:female). The pre-oviposition, ovipostion and post- ovipostion periods were 3.7±0.30 (2-5), 10.2±0.51 (9-13) and 2.0±0.29 (1-4) days, respectively. Longevity of males and females ranged from 11-16 (mean 14.4) and 12-19 (mean 15.9) days, respectively. On an average a female laid 132.8 (119-158) eggs during its life span. The population of WBPH was maximum during 38th SMW (4th week of September) during 2011 and 2012. A spider Lycosa spp. and mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis preyed on the eggs, nymphs and adults of WBPH. When WBPH population was correlated with biotic and abiotic factors, the relationship was found to be non significant.