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M. Sc. Dissertations

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Author: Pardeep Kumar × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preparation and storability of garlic powder
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Pardeep Kumar; Garg, M.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Preparation and storability of garlic powder” was carried out with the objectives to study the effect of slicing and flaking of garlic on the drying kinetics and quality. The effect of PEF (Pulsed Electric Field) treatment and the packaging material on the storability of garlic powder were also studied. The fresh garlics were analyzed for proximate analysis. Garlics were then dehydrated and analyzed for drying rate, dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio. Then dehydrated garlics were ground into fine powder and analyzed for bulk density, hunterlab (L*a*b*) values, total sugars and the organoleptic quality. It was found that fresh peeled garlics contained moisture-63.78 percent, protein-5.99 percent, ash-1.91 percent, fat-1.75 percent, crude fiber-1.13 percent and carbohydrates-25.44. Garlic slices and flakes were prepared and different treatment viz., control (without PEF treatment) and PEF (9000V) were given to the samples of garlic. After the pre-treatment, the samples (slices and flakes) were dried in a tray drier at 600C temperature. Then dehydrated garlic were ground into fine powder and packed into LDPE (low density polythene), aluminium foil laminate and glass bottle (amber colour) for storage and were analysed for total sugars, bulk density and organoleptic quality to evaluate the product quality. PEF (9000V) was done for inactivation of micro-organism and enzymes which cause spoilage in the product and increase the shelf-life of the product. PEF treatment resulted in the increase of drying rate and faster removal of the moisture. Three packaging materials were used to pack the garlic powder. There was no significant effect of packaging materials and pre-treatment on the bulk density of garlic powder. L* (lightness) value was good for PEF treated samples and for samples which were packed in aluminium foil laminate and glass bottle (amber colour). The organoleptic score for garlic powder was found good for PEF treated samples and for samples packed in aluminium foil laminate and glass bottle (amber colour).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Expression of myb gene in brassica tournefortii L.under drought stress
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Pardeep Kumar; Yadav, Neelam R.
    Brassica tournefortii, a highly drought tolerant Brassica species was used to study myb gene expression under drought stress. Seeds of Brassica tournefortii were grown on MS medium. Then 14 days seedlings were uprooted and given drought stress by subjecting them to air drying, PEG (-2 to -8 bar) and mannitol (100 mM to 400 mM) treatments. Total RNA isolation from stressed seedlings was carried out using Trizol reagent yielding 17.52-36.8 Fg/ml of total RNA. One- step RT-PCR was carried out using total RNA as template with BjMyb-1 primer designed from conserved domain of AtMyb2 and its homologous. BjActin primers were used in RT-PCR which served as control, as actin gene is constitutively expressed in all tissues. Exposure to drought stress for 15 minutes and 30 minutes (air drying) gave no amplification showing air drying upto 30 minutes does not induce any myb expression. An amplified product of 250 bp was obtained on exposure to drought stress for 60 minutes with air drying, PEG (-2 to -8 bar) and mannitol (100 mM to 400 mM) treatments. The transcript level was found similar in all treatments irrespective of drought treatments. cDNA was eluted out from the gel and purified cDNA was transformed using pDrive cloning vector (Quigen) in XL-blue strain of E.coli using blue- white selection. Transformed clones were characterized by plasmid DNA isolation, PCR amplification of plasmid DNA with gene specific primers. Plasmid DNA from transformed clones showed higher molecular weight than untransformed plasmid DNA on agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the insertion of DNA fragment into the plasmid. PCR amplification of plasmid DNA also confirmed the successful cloning.