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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2009 - 200912010 - 20141
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Author: Naresh Kumar × Start date: 2009 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Weed management in transplanted rice
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Naresh Kumar; Nandal, D.P.
    The present investigation was carried out at the Students’ Farm of College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Kaul (Kaithal) during Kharif 2008. The main objective was to find out the best herbicide, which control the weeds significantly and help in crop growth. The experiment consisted of fifteen treatments viz., two doses of post-emergence herbicides, bispyribac sodium (25 and 30 g/ha) and azimsulfuron (30 and 40 g/ha) with two timings of their application (20 and 25 DAT) and one dose of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 56.25 g/ha (25 DAT). Four pre-emergence herbicides pretilachlor 750 g/ha, butachlor 1500 g/ha, oxadiargyl 100 g/ha, pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha along with weedy and weed free checks and were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental field was dominated by grassy, broad leaf weeds and sedges viz. Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crusgalli, Ammania baccifera, Ludwigia parviflora, Lindernia spp., Marsilea quadrifolia, Cyperus iria and Cyperus difformis. The weed dry weight and density were significantly lowest in pretilachlor treatment. The growth parameter plant height, tillers/m2 and crop dry matter accumulation/m2 were statistically higher in pretilachlor treatment. Grain and straw yield was also significantly higher in pretilachlor treatment. Among the new post-emergence herbicides bispyribac sodium 25 & 30 g/ha (20 DAT) was found excellent herbicide. Bispyribac sodium 25 & 30 g/ha (20 DAT) were statistically at par to weed free treatment to control the grassy weeds and sedges. Azimsulfuron 30 & 40 g/ha (20 DAT) were statistically at par to weed free treatment in controlling broad leaf weeds. Butachlor 1500 g/ha and pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha (3 DAT) were significantly at par to weed free treatment to control all types of weeds. Gain and straw yield of pretilachlor, butachlor, bispyribac sodium (25 and 30 g/ha applied at 20 DAT) and pyrazosulfuron were statistically at par to weed free treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An economic analysis of farm mechanisation in Sirsa district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Naresh Kumar; Kuldeep Kumar
    The present study was carried out in Sirsa district of Haryana with the objectives of examining the intensity, impact of farm mechanization on productivity, income and employment and breakeven point of tractor use. Baragudha and Odhan blocks were selected purposely. From each selected block three villages (Rori, Suratia and Baragudha from Baragudha and Gadrana, Odhan and Deshumalkana from Odhan block) were selected purposely and further 20 farmers from each village were selected to comprise a sample size of 120 farmers randomly. Secondary data were collected from the Statistical Abstraction of Haryana and office of Deputy Director of Agriculture, Sirsa. The primary data were framed in tabular format based cumulative size of the land holding data collected from personal interview of the farmers for rabi and kharif crops including the information regarding own and custom hiring mechanization of the farmers farm. Intensity of tractors was highest in Odhan block followed by Baragudha block and highest tubewell intensity was found in Sirsa block where only 5.24 ha of land was served by one tubewell followed by Odhan block (6.10 ha per tubewell). The intensity of threshers was found maximum in Baragudha block i.e. 3.48 ha of land served by one thresher followed by Sirsa block i.e. 4.49 ha per thresher. The highest numbers of tractors and threshers were found in block Baragurdha i.e. 3972 tractors and 14001 (35 per cent of total threshers of total threshers 39598). The tractors, tubewells and threshers per thousand hectare cultivated area were found maximum in Odha, Sirsa and Baragudha block, respectively. The average yield of paddy 46.58 and 44.17 q/ha, 24.58 and 22.50 q/ha for cotton, 13.42 and 10.50 q/ha for guar, 54.17 and 49.42 q/ha for wheat and 17.83 and 14.58 q/ha in mustard was obtained on own and custom hiring mechanized farms. The total cost of cultivation in paddy (`81479/- per ha), cotton (`53299/- per ha) and mustard (`44242/- per ha) were found highest in own mechanized farms as compared to custom hiring mechanized farms while it was highest for guar (`39029/- per ha) and wheat (`59677/- per ha) under custom hiring mechanized farm. Overall the net returns were higher in paddy (`6292/- per ha), cotton (`54425/- per ha), guar (`26283/- per ha), wheat (`25671/- per ha) and mustard (`18364/- per ha) on own mechanized farms than custom hiring mechanized farms. Average human labour employment in own mechanized farm and custom hiring mechanized farms was 143.34man days/ha, 137.34 man days/ha respectively. The total family labour employed on owned mechanized farms were calculated as 153.02 man days/ha as compared to 150.03 man days/ha on custom hiring farms in small farmer category. Similar pattern was observed in medium and large farmer category i.e. 142 and 134 and 135 and 128 man days/ha on own and custom hiring mechanized farms, respectively. The average annual use of tractors was found 617.53 hours. Operation cost of less than and equal to 25 H.P, 30-35 H.P. and more than 35H.P. tractor were found `199800.70, `229889.30, `266783.60 respectively. The breakeven annual use of less than and equal to 25 H.P., 30-35 H.P. and more than 35 H.P. tractors were found 550, 468.17 and 557.17 hours in a year, respectively.