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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2010 - 20115
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Subject: Soil Science × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nitrogen mineralization in neem cake amended soil and its uptake by wheat
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Saha, Sushanta; Dahiya, Daljit Singh
    The effect of different proportions of neem cake on urea hydrolysis and N-transformation in soils was studied in the laboratory. The findings of the study revealed that the amount of unhydrolysed urea decreased with the increase of incubation period from 3 h to 24 h sampling in all the soils. However, at a particular incubation period the hydrolysis of urea decreased markedly with increasing proportions of neem cake treated with the soil. The content of NH4 +-N increased upto 1st day of incubation in soils containing treatments from control to 50% N supplied through neem cake and decreased with further increase in incubation period. Similarly, the soil amended with 75% N through neem cake the NH4 +-N increased upto 7 days of incubation and decreased thereafter. On the other hand, the increase in NH4 +-N content was found upto 28 days in soil amended with only neem cake and then decreased with the further increase in incubation periods. The amount of NO3 --N increased with increasing incubation period in all the soils. The NO3 --N content decreased significantly at each incubation period as the proportions of N through neem cake increases from 25% to 100% as compared to soil treated with 100% N through urea. To study the effect of different levels of N and neem cake on yield and uptake of nutrients by wheat a screen-house experiment was conducted. The results revealed that mean dry matter yield of wheat increased significantly with increasing levels of N upto 60 mg kg-1 over control in the presence of neem cake when it was applied at both 20 days before sowing and at the time of sowing. The dry matter yield of wheat also enhanced significantly with the increasing doses of neem cake upto 0.125% when applied at 20 days before sowing and 0.250% when applied at the time of sowing and then decreased as the doses of neem cake increased to 0.500%. The uptake of N, P and K increased significantly with increasing levels of neem cake upto 0.125% and 0.250%, respectively, when applied at 20 and 0 days before sowing. The mean uptake of Zn, Cu and Mn by wheat increased with increasing levels of N in the presence of neem cake upto 60 mg kg-1 over control when neem cake was applied at both 0 and 20 days before sowing. Mean uptake of Fe increased upto 40 mg kg-1 N when neem cake was applied at 20 days before sowing and upto 60 mg kg-1 when applied at 0 days before sowing. The mean uptake of Zn and Cu also increased with increasing levels of neem cake upto 0.125% and 0.250%, respectively, when applied at 20 and 0 days before sowing. Similarly, mean uptake of Fe increased with increasing levels of neem cake upto 0.125% in both the cases of neem cake application. However, the mean uptake of Mn by wheat decreased with increasing levels of neem cake at both 20 and 0 days before sowing. Available N, P and organic carbon content of post harvest soil samples increased with the increasing levels of nitrogen and neem cake. The post-harvest available K content decreased with the application of N but increased with the application of neem cake.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Long-term effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in rice-wheat system
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Kaur, Jasritu; J.P. Singh
    Thirteen years of continuous cropping without any fertilization or with inadequate supply of nutrients in imbalanced manner led to loss of total organic carbon over its initial level in soil. The per cent increase in soil organic carbon was 49.0, 39.2, and 13.7 % over mineral fertilizer treatment (N150P75K75Zn25) in pressmud, farmyard manure and green manure amended treatments, respectively. The content of all four organic carbon fractions increased significantly over control by use of combined application of organic manures with inorganic fertilizers. The pressmud, farmyard manure and green manure amended treatments accumulated significantly higher organic carbon fractions than burnt rice husk and N150P75K75Zn25 treatments. On an average, the heavy fraction carbon constituted the major portion (about 80.7%) of the total soil organic carbon. Continuous rice-wheat cultivation for 13 years without any fertilization was unable to maintain total soil nitrogen level to its original level and resulted in decrease at 8 mg N kg-1 year-1. Likewise, all the N fractions recorded a significant decrease over their initial levels in the soil. The increase in total N content with the application of farmyard manure, pressmud and green manure plus inorganic fertilizer treatments over mineral fertilizer only treatment (N150P75K75Zn25) was 23.1, 34.4 and 7.0%, respectively. All the four hydrolysable N fractions and non-hydrolysable N registered significant increase due to inorganic fertilizers or organic amended treatments over their respective initial status. On an average, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, ammonia-N and hydrolyzable unknown-N constituted about 27.4, 10.2, 28.2 and 34.2 per cent of the total hydrolysable-N after wheat harvest, respectively. Balanced application of nutrients (N150P75K75Zn25) increased the grain yield of rice significantly as compared to control or inadequate supply of nutrients to rice. Application of FYM along with fertilizers increased rice grain yield by 5.0 q ha-1 over that obtained with mineral fertilizer only treatment (N150P75K75Zn25). The grain yield of rice did not differ significantly among press mud, green manure, burnt rice husk and mineral fertilizer only treatments (N150P75K75Zn25). Application of N75P37.5K37.5Zn25 in green manured plot produced rice grain yield similar to that obtained with N150P75K75Zn25 treatment indicating a saving of approximately 50% of inorganic fertilizers with Sesbania green manuring. The residual effect of FYM, press mud and green manure on the grain yield of succeeding wheat crop was positive but significant effect was observed only for FYM treatment. Among the organic manures treatments, the highest uptake of macro-and micronutrients by rice crop was observed with FYM, followed by green manure and press mud treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status and distribution of potassium and sulphur in north-eastern region of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Mondal, Koustav; Ramkala
    For the investigation of status of potassium and sulphur in north-eastern region of Haryana, 264 surface soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected at an interval of 2-3 km. from Ambala (86), Yamunanagar (102) and Panchkula (76) districts using GPS. Eight soil profile samples from each of Ambala, Yamunanagar and Panchkula districtsat depth from 0-15, 15-30, 30-60, and 60-90cm. were also collected to study the distribution of potassium and sulphur. Available potassium of surface soil samples ranged from 44 (Kashroli villege) to 867 (Kalu mazra village) kg/ha with a mean value of 148 kg/ha in Ambala district. In panchkula district it ranged from 44 (Mattawala village) to 865 (Ramgarh village) kg/ha with a mean value of 138 kg/ha where as in Yamunanagar district potassium content varied from 62 (Bhallo mazra village) to 441 (Bamboli village) kg/ha with a mean value of 147 kg/ha. Maximum potassium deficient samples were observed at Panchkula district that is 60.5 % followed by Yamunanagar and Ambala 36.3 and 30.2 % respectively. In case of Ambala and Yamunanagar districts maximum percent soil samples were in medium that is 62.8 and 52 % respectively. Nutrient index value for potassium was found 1.77, 1.76 and 1.47 in Ambala, Yamunanagar and Panchkula districts respectively. Available sulphur ranged from 4 to 39 (Devinagar village) mg/kg soil with a mean value of 15.4 mg/kg soil in Ambala district. In Panchkula district it ranged from 1.9 (Pota village) to 39.4 (Ramgrh village) mg/kg soil with a mean value of 13.6 mg/kg soil where as in Yamunanagar district sulphur content varied from 3.8 (Shakhon majra village) to 41.3 (Pritnagar village) mg/kg soil with a mean value of 20 mg/kg soil. Maximum percent sulphur deficiency was found in Panchkula that is 38.2 % whereas in case of Ambala and Yamunanagar district percent deficiency of sulphur was found to be 30.2 and 11.8 % respectively. Nutrient index value for sulphur was found 2.29, 1.95 and 1.80 in Yamunanagar, Ambala and Panchkula respectivelyThe distribution of different forms of potassium i.e. water soluble, exchangeable, non- exchangeable and total K varied from 7 to 42 mg/kg, 23 to 198 mg/kg, 111 to 749 mg/kg and 1.24 % to 2.13 % respectively. Organic carbon and CEC showed positive correlation with all the forms of K and which were found to be positively correlated with each other. The distribution of different forms of sulphur i.e. available, organic, non-sulphate inorganic and total sulphur content varied from 1.9 to 35 mg/kg, 31.3 to 74.5 mg/kg , 43.5 to 92.5 mg/kg and 179.4 to 186.3 mg/kg respectively in the north-eastern region of Haryana.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response and enrichment of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes with respect to zinc and iron application
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Deb Roy, Partha; Narwal, Ramphal
    To understand the response and enrichment of seed and straw of green gram genotypes with Zn and Fe, a screen house experiment was conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2010-11.The results of the study revealed that application of Zn and Fe increased all the yield attributes i.e. branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed weight significantly over control. But recommended doses of soil plus foliar application of Zn and Fe was found better as compare to other methods of Zn application in increasing the yield attributes. Combined application of 5.5 kg Zn ha-1 plus 0.1% Zn as foliar increased the yield of straw by 56.4% and seed yield by 57%, which was highest as compare to rest of the treatment. Likewise, when Fe was applied @ 10 kg Fe ha-1 plus two foliar spray of 0.1% Fe, gave the maximum straw yield of 63.2 g pot-1. But, in green gram genotypes, highest seed yield (8.23 g pot-1) was observed where Fe was applied in soil @ 30 kg ha-1. The maximum Zn concentration in straw and seed (5.48 and 3.5 folds over control) was achieved when combined application of soil plus foliar was made. In case of iron a combined application of 10 kg Fe ha-1 plus foliar spray of 0.1% Fe gave the highest Fe content in straw and seed as 1.9 folds in straw and 1.3 folds in seed of green gram genotypes respectively. The uptake of Zn and Fe in all the green gram genotypes also increased significantly with externally applied increased level of zinc and iron. Soil plus foliar application of both Zn and Fe increased the seed crude protein content by 26.9 % and 26.5 % respectively over control. Green gram genotypes showed a considerable variation among their tolerance to Zn and Fe stress condition. Under Zn stress condition, Muskaan was the most tolerant while Basanti, Satya and MH 318 were found quite susceptible to zinc. Whereas in case of Fe stress condition, genotypes Asha, Basanti and MH 318 were found moderately tolerant and Satya, MH 421, MH 565 and Muskan were grouped as susceptible. Post harvest analysis of soil sample showed a significant increase in soil available Zn and Fe content when applied as basal in soil. In correlation analysis it was found that Zn and Fe content in seed and straw showed a positive and significant correlation with DTPA-extractable zinc and iron. Among yield attributes, seed and straw Zn content showed a significant and positive correlation with all the yield attributes except branches per plant. Likewise, straw iron concentration was also significantly and positively correlated with most of the yield attributes. On the contrary, Fe concentration in seed showed a significant and positive correlation only with seed weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil and physiological properties in pearl millet-wheat cropping system
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Kamboj, Kamal; Manoj Kumar
    The field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil and physiological properties in pearl millet-wheat cropping system” was conducted during the year 2010- 11 at Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India). The experiment consisting of twelve treatments was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Soil fertility status was observed better with integrated nutrient management treatments particularly where 50% N was substituted with FYM in pearl millet and 100 RD-NPK in wheat as compared to chemical fertilizer treatments. In pearl millet crop, treatment T6 (50% RD-NPK + 50% N through FYM in pearl millet and 100% RD-NPK in wheat) exhibitedhighest photochemical quantum yield and chlorophyll content in leaves. Yield contributing characters and in yields (grain and straw) were also recorded highest in treatment T6. Grain and stover yields of pearl millet increased with progressive increase in inorganic fertilizer dose. In pearl millet-wheat cropping system total N,P and K uptake by both grain and straw in pearl millet was higher in integrated nutrient management treatments as compared to inorganic fertilizer treatments.In wheat crop, treatment T6 exhibitedhighest photochemical quantum yield and chlorophyll content in leaves. Yield contributing characters and yields (grain and straw) were also recorded highest in treatment T6. Grain and straw yields of wheat increased with progressive increase in inorganic fertilizer dose. In pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence total N, P and K uptake by both grain and straw in wheat was higher in integrated nutrient management treatments as compared to inorganic fertilizer treatments.