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M. Sc. Dissertations

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20074
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Subject: Soil Science × End date: 2007 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Interactions of phosphorus with sulphur and nickel in maize (Zea mays)
    (CCSHAU, 2007) May May Khin; Mohinder Singh
    A pot culture experiment in screen house was conducted with four levels each of P and S i.e., 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1 soil to study the interaction of P and S in maize (cv HQPM 1). The dry matter yield of maize significantly increased with 60 mg P kg-1 soil and 30mg S kg-1 soil application. P x S interaction was synergistic at their lower levels and antagonistic at their higher levels on dry matter yield of maize. Concentration and uptake of P significantly increased with the application of P and S. The highest concentration was recorded with the combined application of 90 mg P kg-1 soil and 30 mg S kg-1 soil, whereas, the highest P uptake was observed with combined application of 60 mg P kg-1 and 30mg S kg-1 soil. Concentration and uptake of S significantly increased at 30mg P kg-1 and 60 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The concentrations of Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu significantly decreased with increasing levels of applied P and S, whereas, their uptake increased significantly upto 60mg P kg-1 soil and 30 mg S kg-1 soil. Another pot culture experiment in screen house was conducted with four levels each of P and Ni i.e. 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg P kg-1 soil to study the interaction of P and Ni in maize (cv HQPM 1). The dry matter yield of maize significantly increased with all levels of applied P and 30 mg Ni kg-1 soil application. P x Ni interaction was significant in dry matter yield of maize. The adverse effect of Ni on dry matter yield was considerably ameliorated with the higher doses of P application. Higher application of P significantly increased the P concentration and uptake but decreased the S and Ni concentration in maize. Higher application of Ni significantly increased the Ni concentration and uptake but decreased the P and S concentration and uptake. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu significantly decreased with the increasing levels of applied P and Ni, whereas, their uptake increased significantly upto 60 mg P kg-1 soil and at 30mg Ni kg-1 soil. Another pot culture experiment in screen house was also conducted with four levels of each of S and Ni i.e. 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1 soil to study the interaction of S and Ni in maize (cv HQPM 1). The dry matter yield of maize significantly increased at 30 mg S kg-1 soil and 30 mg Ni kg-1 soil only. The concentration and uptake of S significantly increased with increasing levels of S but it significantly decreased with increasing levels of Ni. The concentration of P significantly increased at 30 mg S kg-1 and decreased with increasing levels of Ni. The concentrations of Ni significantly decreased with increasing levels of S but its uptake significantly increased at 30 mg S kg-1 soil. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn significantly decreased with increasing levels of applied S and Ni, whereas, their uptake increased significantly at 30 mg S kg-1 soil and 30 mg Ni kg-1 soil. The successive application of P, S and Ni significantly increased available P, available S and DTPA extractable Ni, respectively, in post harvest soil samples. The application of P significantly decreased available S and DTPA extractable Ni in post harvest soil samples. The application of S significantly decreased the available P and DTPA extractable Ni, whereas, application of Ni significantly decreased the available P and S in post harvest soil samples.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of ground water quality of mundlana and kathura blocks of Sonepat district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Pardeep; Sharma, Ramesh
    Present study entitled, “Characterization of ground water quality of Mundlana and Kathura blocks of Sonepat district of Haryana”, to study the ground water quality for irrigation and its effect on physico-chemical properties of soils in respective blocks, was undertaken. For this purpose, randomly 221 and 149 tube-well water samples from Mundlana and Kathura blocks respectively were collected. On the basis of water analysis, soil samples from ten sites irrigated with different quality waters were collected from Mundlana and Kathura block, respectively and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. EC, SAR and RSC in irrigation waters of Mundlana varied from 0.34- 22.32 (dS m-1), 0.24-28.18 (mM L-1)½ and nil-9.10 (me L-1), respectively. Likewise corresponding values of ground water for Kathura block varied from 0.48-12.13 dS m-1, 0.22-31.14 (mM L-1)½ and nil-14.40 me L-1, respectively. Cations 1 followed the order: Na+ > Mg+2 > Ca+2 > K+ in both the blocks while anions were SO4 -2 > Cl- > HCO3 - >CO3 -2 up to EC 6.0 dS m-1 and thereafter the trend was Cl- >SO4 -2 >HCO3 - >CO3 -2 in Mundlana block where as in Kathura block HCO3 - was dominant anion up to EC 2.0 dS m-1 thereafter SO4 -2 was dominant from 2-5 dS m-1 and Cl- was dominant in upper EC classes followed by SO4 -2, HCO3 - and CO3 -2. As per Manchanda (1976) classification, 24.0, 26.0, 8.0, 18.0 and 24.0 per cent waters of Mundlana block were classified under good, marginal, saline, sodic and saline-sodic categories, respectively. Likewise, in Kathura block, 30.0, 15.0, 7.0, 29.0 and 19.0 per cent waters were found good, marginal, marginally saline, saline, sodic and saline-sodic, respectively. As per AICRP (1989) classification, 24.0, 26.0, 8.0, 24.0, and 18.0 per cent waters of Mundlana block were classified under good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, and highly alkali categories, respectively. Likewise 28.0, 15.0, 7.0, 19.0, 1.0 and 30.0 per cent waters were found in good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR-saline and highly alkali categories, respectively in Kathura block. The use of poor quality water resulted salt accumulation in both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) layers. Mostly highest ECe and SARe were observed in the upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil in both blocks. In Mundlana, out of 221 samples, 7.7 per cent samples had nitrate and 7.2 per cent samples had fluoride beyond permissible limits. For Kathura block, these values were 7.4 and 8.0 per cent, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nitrate distribution in soil profile and yield of cotton in relation to different levels of nitrogen
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Pankaj Kumar; Kapoor, A.K.
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the nitrate distribution in soil profile and yield of cotton in relation to different levels of nitrogen. To achieve the objectives, a field experiment was conducted in micro plots (2M×2M) at the research farm of CCSHAU, Hisar. Cotton crop was taken with seven treatments of nitrogen viz., 0, 34.50, 45.54, 34.50, 40.02, 34.50 and 11.04 g N per plot applied through urea and/or nitrate containing irrigation water. The experimental results showed that mean EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- concentration of the soil profile decreased after the harvest of the crop as compared to at the start of the experiment irrespective of treatments. The maximum NO3–N, 47.88 (Kg/ha) was observed in T3 treatment after first irrigation in 0-15 cm soil depth while the minimum NO3–N, 5.39 (Kg/ha) in T1 treatment in 30-45 cm depth after first irrigation. The depth distribution of NO3–N concentration of the soil profile was predicted using models i) LEACHM considering water flow equation of Addiscot, uptake, transformation of different forms of nitrogen, rate constants, other exchange processes and weather parameters and ii) Pal et al. 1990, considering initial NO3–N concentration of the soil profile and of the irrigation water, evaporation/ evapo-transpiration, rainfall and field capacity of the soil profile. The magnitude and the trend of the experimental and the simulated NO3 concentration of the soil profile after different irrigations and harvest of the crop showed a good agreement between the two by LEACHM model (r2= 0.92, a= -3.18 and b= 1.51) where as by the Pal et al. 1990 model, the agreement was not up to the mark. (r2= 0.45, a= 3.67 and b= 0.448). Crop removal of nitrogen was highest in T7 treatment (93.5 Kg N/ha) and lowest in T1 treatment (91.7 Kg N/ha), respectively. At sowing, the total nitrogen in the soil profile was 186.8 Kg N/ha (157 Kg NO3 /ha and 29.8 Kg NH4/ha) while at the time of harvest, the total nitrogen was highest in T3 (132.1 Kg N/ha) and lowest in T1 (64.6 Kg N/ha). The mean plant height value was found to be lowest (138.50 cm) under T1 and highest (167 cm) in T3 treatment. The highest mean number of bolls was observed in treatment T3 (33.50) and lowest treatment T1 (16). The highest and the lowest mean cotton yield of 389.50 and 225.75 gm/plot were obtained under treatments T3 and T1, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of ground water quality of Pataudi and Farukh nagar blocks of Gurgaon district
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Vyas, Mohan Raj; Mittal, S.B.
    Present study entitled, “Characterization of ground water quality of Pataudi and Farukh Nagar blocks of Gurgaon district”, to quantify and map water for general quality for irrigation and having nitrate and fluoride and to assess the effect of different quality waters on physico-chemical properties of soils in respective blocks, was undertaken. For this purpose, 261 and 171 tube-well random water samples from Pataudi and Farukh Nagar blocks respectively were collected. On the basis of water analysis, soil samples from Pataudi and Farukh Nagar blocks were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. pH, EC, SAR and RSC in irrigation waters of Pataudi varied from 7.10-9.30, 0.52-10.71 (dS m-1), 0.30-26.62 (mM L-1)½ and Nil-15.20 (me L-1), respectively. Likewise corresponding values of water quality for Farukh Nagar varied from 7.20-9.05, 0.45-13.40 dS m-1, 0.42-25.56 (mM L-1)½ and Nil-10.25 me L-1, respectively. Cations were in the order: Na+ > Mg+2 > Ca+2 > K+ while anions were HCO3- > Cl- > SO4-2 >CO3-2 upto EC 2 dS m-1 and thereafter the trend was Cl- > HCO3- >SO4-2 >CO3-2 in both the blocks. As per Manchanda (1976) classification, 52.9, 13.0, 5.4, 18.0 and 10.7 per cent waters of Pataudi block were classified under good, marginal, saline, sodic and saline-sodic categories, respectively. Likewise 60.2, 11.1, 9.4, 8.2 and 11.1 per cent of the respective under ground waters were found in the corresponding category in Farukh Nagar block. As per AICRP (1989) classification, 42.5, 11.1, 5.4, 11.5, 13.8, 7.7 and 8.0 per cent waters of Pataudi block were classified under good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali, alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. Likewise 40.2, 8.2, 9.4, 11.1, 13.5, 12.9 and 4.7 per cent of the respective under ground waters were found in the corresponding categories in Farukh Nagar block. The use of poor quality water resulted salt accumulation in both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) layers. Mostly highest ECe and SARe were observed in the upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil in both blocks. In Pataudi, out of 261 samples, 25.7% samples contained nitrate and 39.5% samples had fluoride beyond permissible limits. For Farukh Nagar, these values were 32.8 and 37.4 per cent, respectively.