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M. Sc. Dissertations

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20116
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutrient uptake and use efficiency of wheat and triticale genotypes under low and optimum input conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Vats, Akshay Kumar; Dhanda, S.S.
    The objectives of present investigation were to study the genotypes of wheat (T.aestivum, T.durum, synthetics and triticale) for various characters under low and optimum input conditions, to determine the genotypic and phenotypic variability and indices of yield and its components for nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Results revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the characters except for spikelets per spike. Genotype × fertilizer (G × F) interaction was significant for majority of the characters in T.aestivum, T. durum, triticale and synthetics. Correlation coefficients revealed that the genotypes having high grain yield also had more tillers per plant, high 100–grain weight, lower plant height and high harvest index under both optimum and low input conditions. But the correlations of grain yield with grains per spike and biological yield was not similar under both conditions, the grains per spike was important component of grain yield under optimum input conditions, while biological yield under low input conditions. This may be due to the fact that some genotypes adaptable to low input conditions might have more responded fertilizer dose by increasing the vegetative phase and decreasing the productive phase under optimum input conditions leading to non-significant correlations with biological yield. The grains per spike and tillers per plant were contributed more towards grain yield under optimum input conditions, while biological yield was more important under low input conditions. The mean performance of genotypes for N content in grains in various groups from low to optimum input conditions was the highest in T.aestivum group followed by T.durum group, triticale group and synthetic wheat group. The mean performance of the genotypes for P content in grains from low to optimum input conditions in various groups was the highest in T.aestivum group followed by synthetic wheat group, T.durum group and triticale group. The genotypes Lok1 in T.aestivum group, P 7531 in T.durum group, TL 2968 in triticale group and Syn 24 in synthetic wheat group were highly responsive for Zn content in grains. With regard to their comparative response for nitrogen use efficiency from low to optimum input conditions, T.durum had the highest mean response followed by triticale then synthetic wheat and T. aestivum. With regard to phosphorous use efficiency, percentage of response from low input to optimum input conditions. T. aestivum had the highest response followed by synthetic wheat, triticale and T. durum. With regard to response of zinc from low to optimum input conditions, T. aestivum had the highest response followed by synthetic wheat, triticale and durum. The T.aestivum group in general had better response followed by synthetics, triticale and durum groups for Nitrogen, phosphorous and Zinc use efficiencies, which may probably be due to high selection pressure on T.aestivum and T.durum for fertilizer responsiveness.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability for important quantitative traits contributing to seed yield and physiological efficiency in Cyamopsis spp. under water deficit conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Jitender; Verma, Naresh
    The present study was undertaken to determine the genetic variability for quantitative traits and their association contributing to seed yield and physiological efficiency under water deficit conditions with the objective of exploring possibilities of water stress tolerant and physiologically efficient genotypes. The material for present investigation comprised of 25 guar genotypes. The experimental material was grown at research area crop physiology (agronomy), CCSHAU, Hisar during Kharif 2010 in randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for 18 morphophysiological and biochemical characters. Considerable amount of variation was found for all the characters studied, seed yield was found positively correlated with number of pods per plant, dry weight, 100-seed weight, harvest index, seeds per pod, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature depression, leaf area index, plant height and negatively correlated with rate of water loss from excised leaf. Path analysis revealed maximum positive direct effect of dry weight on seed yield followed by harvest index while plant height, branches per plant and 100-seed weight had negative direct effects. Genotype HG 2-20, HG 884, HG 2-1exhibited highest yield and physiological efficiency evaluated on the basis of seed yield and dry matter accumulation per day. These genotypes can be considered as physiologically efficient and water stress tolerant and can be used for future breeding porgrammes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotypic variability for morpho-physiological parameters of grain yield in wheat
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Laxman; Redhu, A.S.
    The present study was undertaken to estimate the genotypic variability in twenty five wheat genotypes grown in randomized block design with three replications at CCS, Haryana Agricultural University (Hisar), Research Farm under late sown environment i.e., second week of December in 2009. Observation were recorded on days to 50% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm) spike length (cm), peduncle length (cm), number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight (g), number of tillers per meter length, flag leaf area (cm2), biological yield per meter (g), grain yield (g), harvest index (%), grain growth rate (mg/ grain/day) and canopy temperature depression (0C). The mean squares due to genotypes were found to be highly significant for all the sixteen characters studied. This indicated the presence of enough genotypic variation in material under study for further selection and improvement. Wide range of variation, high coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for plant height, number of grains per spike, grain yield, heading days, grain weight, maturity days and canopy temperature depression revealed the possibility of further improvement for these traits. Breeders consider this aspect especially in late sown environment, for genotype WH 730 and WH 157 having great stress tolerance capability. On the basis of grain growth rate genotype Sonak and LOK I were found fast grain matter accumulation at 14 to 28 days after anthesis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) resistance in advanced lines of cluster bean
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Anil Kumar; Kadian, S. P.
    The present study was conducted on segregating populations of two crosses viz. HG 563 (Resistant) X PNB (Susceptible) and HG 75 (Resistant) X PNB (Susceptible) grown during kharif 2010 to screen advanced F3 and F4 progenies for bacterial leaf blight resistance under artificial inoculated conditions, F2 populations for number of gene governing resistance and to perform diversity analysis in advance lines for resistance and yield components. Observations were recorded on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, bacterial leaf blight disease incidence, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, crude protein content, gum content and total phenol. In F2 populations of both crosses, a ratio of 13 : 3 was observed which indicated the presence of epistatic (Inhibitory) interaction. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that Clusters I and III gave the best performance for yield and its components in cross HG 563 X PNB and clusters I, III and V were found better in cross HG 75 X PNB. In principal component analysis, first principal component explain 78.93 per cent and 78.47 per cent variability in crosses HG 563 X PNB and HG 75 X PNB, respectively. In cross HG 563 X PNB, variables exhibited high loading of different factors in such a manner that principal factor I and principal factor III could be designated as yield factor and disease factor, respectively. In another cross HG 75 X PNB, principal factor I and principal factor II could be designated as maturity factor and yield factor, respectively. Total phenolic content was increased as disease reaction increase in plants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotypic variability for responsiveness to rhizobium and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) for seed yield attributes in chickpea
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Kalal, Meenaxi; Waldia, R.S.
    Twelve genotypes of chickpea were evaluated for genotypic variation for yield and its contributing traits as well as nodulation and root characteristics to determine the response of chickpea genotypes to strains of Rhizobium and VAM, for fourteen traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm) , number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant , 100 seed weight (g/plant), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%/plant) , nitrogen content in grain (%/plant) and VAM percent. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. strain CH1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. strain CH810 (S2); Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus fasiculatum) and one set was used as Control that is left uninoculated. These were grown separately following Randomized Block Design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated wide differences between treatments and behavior of genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all genotypes. The affect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. High GCV was found for characters; number of nodules per plant (all the treatments and control), nodule weight per plant (treatment S1, S2 and VAM), shoot dry weight per plant (S2 and control), seed yield per plant (VAM and control) and 100 seed weight (S1 treatment). High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for the characters like seed yield, number of pods per plant and number of nodules per plant, while high heritability with medium genetic advance was found for nitrogen content in shoot, shoot dry weight per plant, days to 50% flowering, 100 seed weight and VAM infection. On overall basis genotypes viz. HC-3, HC-5, GL94022, HC-5, ICC5003LN, HK2, GNG663 and BG362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bioinoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotypic variability and association analysis for grain yield and its attributes in timely and late sown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Verma, Indresh; Verma, S.R.
    Genotypic variability analysis is an important aspect of barley yield improvement. The present study was conducted to analyze genotypic variability for yield its component traits and some physiological characters along with analysis of correlation between different traits and their path analysis in normal and late sown conditions.The materials of present investigation consisted of 25 barley genotypes comprising two row and six row types. The experiment was laid out in RBD with 25 treatments and replicated thrice in blocks under field condition. The data revealed significant genotypic variation for all the characters studied viz., grain yield, grain weight, days to heading, biological yield, days to maturity, harvest index, tillers per meter, grains per spike and grain growth rate after 20,27 and 34 days of anthesis, canopy temperature depression(CTD), membrane thermo stability(MTS) and chlorophyll fluorescence. the Character biological yield, grain weight, days to heading, tillers per meter, harvest index, canopy temperature depression (CTD) were having high mean, range, GCV, PCV,h2(broad sense) and GA. Correlation coefficients revealed significant positive association of grain yield per meter with harvest index, biological yield and days to maturity. The 1000-grain weight had significant positive correlation with grain growth period. There was direct positive effect of biological yield and harvest index for grain yield in timely and late sown conditions. The grains per spike and days to maturity showed indirect effect via biological yield on grain yield. The grain growth period also had positive indirect effect on grain yield through 1000-grain weight. This study may be conclude that harvest index is the more important component character for increasing grain yield in barley. The physiological characters can also be used such as grain growth rate, MTS, CTD and chlorophyll fluorescence.