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M. Sc. Dissertations

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20095
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability for chlorophyll stability and its association with grain growth under normal and late sown conditions in wheat
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Baral, Sagari; Chhabra, Ashok K.
    Large proportion of wheat in India is planted after the first week of December (late sown) that warms up towards the grain filling stage of the crop there by leading to significant yield losses due to heat and water stress created by increased temperatures. High temperature has a significant effect on cellular processes, growth development and economic yield of wheat plants. In such situations, wheat genotypes which could sustain grain growth over longer post anthesis span or further deposition of carbohydrates in grain sink would prove promising. So, to sustain wheat productivity, research emphasis has been given to develop genotypes which could remain staygreen along with larger leaf area and high relative water content so that they can carry out photosynthesis for a longer period as compared to the normal senescent cultivars and thereby enhancing yield through higher grain growth rate even after 3-4 weeks after anthesis. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components were conducted on twenty four elite genotypes of wheat. The material was grown in randomized block design with three replications at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Research Farm under two natural photothermal environments created through alteration of dates of sowing i.e. 13th November 2007 and 3rd January 2008. Beside field experiments, lab experiment on chlorophyll estimation, AGPase enzyme activity and RAPD markers were also conducted. Under field experiment, relationships of some morphophysiological traits and Grain Growth Rate were examined. Our data showed significant variations among wheat genotypes under different dates of sowing for their character expression, particularly days to flowering, grain growth, biomass, grain yield staygreen. Delayed leaf senescence, leaf area, showed significant positive correlation with yield under normal sown conditions and GGR3, and days to flowering in late sown condition. Among the other traits, grains per spike, harvest index and biological yield were also found to be associated with yield under heat stress conditions. Two genotypes WH1057 and DBW16 expressed staygreen trait. Their chlorophyll content and grain growth rate (GGR3) was higher in late sown conditions as compared to other genotypes. AGPase enzyme was being assayed to determine relationship between staygreen and grain development in normal and late planting. These genotypes could be used as candidate ‘plants’ for isolating genes governing delayed monocarpic senescence. However, the staygreen character can be transferred to genotypes having fast growth so that their early senescence in rainfed and late sown conditions may be avoided and sustained growth could be achieved by combining staygreen post anthesis translocation of carbohydrates to grain sinks.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic study of yield traits in normal and quality protein maize genotypes (Zea mays L.) using line X tester analysis
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Mengistu, Molla Assefa; Rishi Pal
    Seventy one maize genotypes were evaluated for the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield, yield components, and quality parameters in Uchani, Karnal, Haryana during Kharif 2008-09. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for carotene content followed by grain yield per plant, lysine content, tryptophan content, and number of grains per row. Heritability was highest for carotene content followed by tryptophan content, lysine content, oil content, sugar content, specific gravity, protein content, grain yield per plant, plant height, and number of grains per row. Genetic advance as percent of mean was highest for carotene content followed by grain yield per plant, lysine content, tryptophan content, and number of grains per row. The high heritability and high genetic advance estimates suggested that there is ample scope of improvement in the traits studied. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to hybrids, and parents vs. hybrids were significant, which in turn exhibited significant genotypic differences for all characters under study. The significant differences for parents vs. hybrids indicated the presence of heterosis. This warranted further estimation of GCA and SCA effects for characters being studied. Combining ability of yield and yield traits indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action, with the magnitude of non-additive component being higher for most of the traits except for tasseling, silking, cob placement, cob girth, rows/cob, tryptophan and lysine content. In the present study good combiners were identified on the basis of high and significant gca effects towards the desired direction. The inbred line L5 (1332) was the best combiner for early male and female flowering, this line was also best seed parent for sugar and oil content as it had significant gca effect in the desired direction. Best testers for male and female flowering were T1 (295) and T2 (193-2), these testers were also best combiners for maturity as they possessed negative and significant gca effects. For an efficient utilization of cross combinations heterosis for large number of traits is more desirable. Cross 13 x 4 was most promising having high standard heterosis for six traits. Crosses 5 x 1, 6 x 2, 13 x 1, 11 x 3, and 9 x 3 were also good combinations followed by 10 x 3, 4 x 1, and 3 x 1for five and four traits respectively. Knowledge of interrelationships between grain yield and its contributing components can improve the efficiency of breeding programs through the use of appropriate selection indices. Grain yield exhibited positive and significant association with carotene content but showed negative association with oil content. Further it exhibited positive non-significant association with protein, tryptophan, lysine, and starch content, and also negative non-significant relationship with specific gravity and sugar content. Correlation coefficients at the genotypic level were greater than their corresponding phenotypic level correlations; this indicated the presence of a strong inherent association between various traits studied. Crosses like 10 x 3,2 x 1,12 x 3,13 x 4 depicting high sca, per se performance and heterosis (10 x 3, 2 x 1,4 x 1) for yield and its components as well as quality traits should be tested in multi-location trials and if found stable should be considered for their testing in all India coordinated project on maize.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Interspecific hybridization and plant regeneration in guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]
    (CCSHAU, 2009) S. Mathiyazhagan; Pahuja, S.K.
    Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is drought-tolerant multiple purpose cash crop. Investigations were carried out an interspecific hybridization and to 94 standardize medium for callus induction and plant regeneration. The crosses between different genotypes of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (female parent) and wild species Cyamopsis serrata (male parent) were made. Out of 950 crosses few pods developed with female parents namely, FS 277 and HVG 2-30 but no seed set was found and pollen tube growth studies revealed presence of pre-fertilization barriers. Different guar cultivars and the wild species of explants such as the hypocotyls, cotyledon, and mature embryo were used for callus induction and these explants along with cotyledonary node explants were used direct shoot morphogenesis. It was established that Murashige and Skoog culture medium containing 2,4-D ( 2.5 mg/l) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) gave the highest frequency of callus induction using mature embryo explants in guar cultivars as well as wild species. Over 2-3 shoots per explants were observed via somatic embryogenesis on MS medium supplemented with NAA 2.0 mg/l+ BAP 0.5mg/l+ Charcoal 3g/l)) in cultivars HG 563 and FS 277 using mature embryo as explants. Direct shoot regeneration was observed using cotyledonary node explants in guar cultivars and its wild species on MS medium containing Kinetin (1.0 mg/l )+ BAP 0.5 (mg/l) and maximum 2-3of shoots per explants were observed on medium supplemented with Kinetin (1.0 mg/l )+ BAP 0.5 (mg/l) and Zeatin (1.0mg/l ). No shoot regeneration was observed in cotyledon, mature embryo, hypocotyl explants of the guar cultivars and the wild species. In vitro rooting was observed on somatic embryo derived shoots on a half-strength concentration of Murashige and Skoog’s culture medium fortified with Indole-3-butyric acid (0.5 mg/l) + charcoal (3g/l).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics of Yield and its Component Characters in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Deshmukh, Jagadeesh D; Siwach, S. S.
    The genetics of yield and its component characters in desi cotton (Gossypium arboretum L.) was studied during kharif 2008 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The six diverse parents were ii chosen to generate the experimental material for the present study. These six parents were used to develop three crosses namely GMS 11 X P 502, GMS-1 X ADDH 7 and G 21 X GCD 26. The six basic generations (P1 , P2, F1, F2, BC1 BC2) of above mentioned crosses were grown in compact family block design with tree replications. The data were recorded on character of economic importance namely days to first flower, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), and ginning out turn (%). In general, mean values in all the six generations of the three crosses were higher for almost all the characters. The simple additive dominance model was found adequate for boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), and ginning out turn (%). Based on simple additive dominance model and six parameter model, all the three types of gene interactions (additive X additive), (additive X dominance) and (dominance X dominance) played significant role in the inheritance of days to first flower, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g) and ginning out turn (%). Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for days to first flower, ), lint index (g), and ginning out turn (%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence and correlation studies in vicia faba Linn
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Badoley, Abhay Gendlal; Hooda, J.S.
    Hundred Genotypes of fababean were evaluated for eight yield and its component traits at research area of MAUUP (Medicinal Aromatic and Under Utillized Plants) section, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. All the genotypes have significant genetic variability. Characters seed yield per plant, pods per plant, pods per plant, clusters per plant and plant height traits exhibited high variability, while other traits exhibited moderate variability. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with plant height, branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant and 100-seed weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that pods per plant followed by clusters per plant, branches per plant, plant height, 100-seed weight and pod length were main contributor towards seed yield per plant. Following non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis all the 100 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters with variable number of genotypes. On the basis of data on genetic divergence and mean performance of metric traits, nine diverse and superior genotypes namely RED MUTANT-2, HB-7, IC-331571, IC-243634, HB-45, EC-5873, EC-251014, HB-38 were identified as promising for most of the traits traits. Therefore, these genotypes may be involved in a multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants for the further improvement of fababean.