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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2004 - 200912010 - 201650
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 51
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies for genetic diversity for herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor Retz.
    (CCSHAU, 2004) Meenakshi; Saharan, R.P.
    Phalaris minor is most abundant grassy weed infesting wheat crop. Due to continuous use of herbicides the plants become resistant to these herbicides. The present study was conducted on 40 biotypes taken from different regions of Haryana state to standardize DNA extraction method and PCR amplification conditions and to analyze genetic diversity among various biotypes of P. minor. DNA was isolated using CTAB method with slight modifications. Biotype from Mundhal yielded highest amount of DNA (1404 ng/μl) and from Pirthala (lead treated) yielded lowest amount of DNA (110 ng/μl). Quality of DNA was tested on agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. A single discrete band of high molecular weight showed that DNA was pure, free from contaminant, intact and of high quality. The ratio of absorbance ranged from 1.74 to 1.84. Clear and reproducible bands were generated by PCR amplification conditions of 50 ng genomic DNA, 1.6 mM MgCl2, 1 unit Taq DNA polymerase, 100 μM of each dNTP’s, 1 μl of 10X reaction buffer of Taq DNA polymerase 0.2 μM of primer and 40°C of annealing temperature. Of the 21 primers screened, 15 primers showed amplification while 6 primers did not show any amplification with any of the biotype of P. minor. All 15 primers were polymorphic showing 97 per cent polymorphism. In total, 102 bands were obtained of which 99 bands were polymorphic while 3 bands were monomorphic, generated by 15 primers. For the biotypes tested, 2 to 15 bands were obtained with an average of 4.85 per primer. Eight primers amplified 40 biotypes followed by one primer, which amplified 38 biotypes. All the biotypes were distinguishable with the combinations of polymorphic bands generated by various primers. Estimates of genetic similarity ranged from 0.489 to 0.885 indicating a high genetic variability among the biotypes. Based on the tree cluster analysis using NTSYS, the genetic variation among biotypes was high enough to group the biotypes in three clusters. First cluster comprising five biotypes (four susceptible and one resistant), second cluster has 18 biotypes (12 susceptible and six resistant) and third cluster has 17 biotypes (four susceptible and 13 resistant). The results indicate that RAPDs are efficient for grouping the resistant and susceptible biotypes i.e. most of resistant biotypes grouped into separate cluster showing that these are genetically different from susceptible biotypes. This information can be used further for identification of molecular marker for herbicide resistance gene(s) in Phalaris minor Retz.
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Genetical, biochemical and molecular basis of cotton leaf curl virus disease in gossypium hirsutum L.
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.
    The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Molecular characterization of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.em.Thell) under terminal heat stress
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Mandal, Swarupananda; Dhanda, S.S.
    The objectives of present investigation were to determine the genotypic variation for grain yield, its components and morpho-physiological traits to study the DNA polymorphism in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) grown under terminal heat stress conditions. The characters observed were grain yield per plant, number tillers, 100-grain weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, harvest index, biomass per plant, canopy temperature depression, membrane thermostability, chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance. Results revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were significant for all the characters indicating sufficient magnitude of variations. Correlation coefficients showed that genotypes having high grain yield were also better in number of tillers per plant, number of grains per plant, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, biomass per plant, plant height, harvest index and have high canopy temperature depression and membrane thermostability indicating the importance of these characters for high grain yield under heat stress conditions. The magnitude of direct effects showed that biomass, harvest index, numbers of grains per plant and 100-grain weight were important for improvement of grain yield under heat stress conditions. Based D2 values, eleven clusters were formed by grouping all the 125 RILs and their parents. Molecular characterization of RILs revealed that grouping of RILs was not similar to that of morpho-physiological traits. This may be due to the fact that the markers of molecular characterization may not be sufficient to explain the total variation on the basis of morpho-physiological characters. Major group I consisted of WH 147 and 21 RILs, while the major group II had WH 730 and 104 RILs. Cluster as well as PCA analysis clearly indicated that the RILs were scattered between both parents. Genotypes, WH147 and WH 730 indicated a wide special distance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterotic response and combining ability in oats (Avena spp.)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Mishra, Pratiksha; Arora, Ram Nath
    The present investigation was carried out with the objective of finding out heterotic patterns among 21 crosses between 7 parents for various traits. Morphological characters included days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height at maturity, flag leaf length, stem inter-node length, tillers per plant, peduncle length, axis length, number of spikelet per panicle, seed yield/plant and 100 seed weight, whereas, biochemical/quality parameters include crude protein of grain, fat content, and total soluble sugar including reducing sugars and non- reducing sugar and physiological parameters include photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Higher GCV values for stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and non-reducing sugars and moderate values for tillers/plant and SI indicated that variability is not a constraint to improve these traits because heritability values for each trait was also very high. Analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that both gca and sca were also significant. The ratio between gca and sca was more than one for axis length and flag leaf length. For other traits it was less than one indicating that sca was more important than gca for these traits. Plant height was the only trait that showed heterosis in negative direction coupled with more dwarf F1s that the most dwarf parent A. sterilis. Therefore, Avena sterilis can be a good donor for reduced height gene in oats. For the quality parameters like protein content, fat content, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar the best crosses identified were; HJ8 x UPO212 and HJ8 x OS346, for protein content. HJ8 x A. sterilis and HJ8 x UPO212, for fat content; HJ8 x OS6 for total soluble sugar; HJ8 x A. sterilis, UPO212 x A. sterilis, for reducing sugar and HJ8 x OS6, for non reducing sugars all these crosses showed positive significant heterosis over mid parent and/or better parent and/or best check variety. Based upon per se performance for 19 traits studied HJ8 was a good donor for 6 traits namely axis length, tillers/plant, spikelets/panicle, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance followed by OS346 which was superior for other five traits namely peduncle length, flag leaf length, 100 seed weight, total soluble sugar and seed yield. This was followed by A. sterilis showing superiority for plant height, protein content, non reducing sugar and days to maturity. The Kent x OL125 was best for photosynthetic rate and days to maturity; Kent x UPO212, for tillers/plant and seed yield; Kent x OS346 for plant height; Kent x A. sterilis for axis length; HJ8 x OL125 for reducing sugar; HJ8 x OS346 for protein content; HJ8 x A. sterilis for spikelets/panicle and fat content; OS6 x OL125 for peduncle length; OS6 x UPO212 for internode length; UPO212 x OS346 for stomatal conductance and days to flowering and UPO212 x A. sterilis for transpiration rate. Nine of the 21 crosses and 2 of the 7 parents did not shown superiority for any of the nineteen traits studied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity in asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Rumesh Ranjan; Sangwan, R.S.
    The present study was undertaken to estimate the genetic diversity in Asiatic Cotton (G. arboreum L.). The material for the present investigation comprised of sixty genotypes of G. arboreum from different origin. The experimental material was grown at research area of Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Kharif 2011 in a randomized block design with three replications. The present investigation was done on assessment of variability, association analysis, path co-efficient analysis and assessment of genetic diversity. Genetic variability revealed that seed cotton yield per plant provided high estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and expected genetic gain as a percent of mean, which provides better scope for improvement through direct selection. Association analysis revealed high positive significant correlation of seed cotton yield per plant with days to first flower, plant height, number of bolls per plant, number of monopods, boll weight and seed index. Path analysis revealed high positive and direct effect of days to first flower, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and lint index on seed cotton yield. The noticeable genetic diversity was observed for days to first flower, seed cotton yield per plant and number of monopods. All the sixty genotypes were grouped into eight clusters containing one to fourteen genotypes. The use genotypes from cluster VI, VIII and V would be useful to generate desirable genetic variability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of pearl millet {Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.} hybrids under diverse climatic conditions in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Dhakar, Ashok Kumar; Verma, P. K.
    The present investigation was undertaken for evaluation of pearl millet {Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.} hybrids under diverse climatic conditions in Haryana to study genotype x environment interaction (G X E), co-relation between characters, direct & indirect effects on grain yield and identification of stable hybrids for different characters over different environments. The material for the present investigation comprised of 30 pearl millet hybrids, including two checks viz. HHB-67 Impr., HHB-226. The experimental material was grown at three different sites of CCS Haryana Agricultural University i.e. Genetics & Plant Breeding Research Area; Dry Land Agriculture Research Area; and RRS, Bawal (Rewari) during Kharif 2011 in a randomized block design with three replications. The estimates of stability parameters of individual hybrids revealed that hybrid ICMA 99111 X HBL 11 was the most ideal for grain yield. It exhibited stable performance across the environments for ear girth, ear length and protein content also. Correlation study revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with ear girth in all test environments and with ear length in E1 and E3, while with effective tillers per plant in E1 and E2 environments. The path coefficient analysis suggested the importance of ear girth, ear length, effective tillers per plant, nodes per tiller, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity, as these had positive direct and indirect effects on grain yield. Therefore, selection for higher yield will be useful if it is based on traits such as ear girth, ear length and effective tillers per plant.
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Study of genetic diversity among the gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.) accessions
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Gulia, Anil; Yadav, O.P.
    Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.) is a medicinal herb, found mainly in central andsouthern India. It has anti-diabetic properties due to gymnemic acid content in its leaves. This study was undertaken with the objective to standardize the protocol of DNA isolation from 12 accessions of gurmar and to study the genetic diversity among these accessions. DNA extracted from young leaves of 12 gurmar accessionswas amplified by using 50 ISSR and 10 RAPD primers. Out of these primers, 28 ISSR and 6 RAPD primers were showing amplification and were selected for present investigation. For ISSR and RAPD assays, data was analyzed to calculate various parameters such as the number of total bands, number of polymorphic bands, percent polymorphism, bands per primer, polymorphic bands per primer, similarity matrices and dendrogram. Both ISSR and RAPD generated a high level of average percentage of polymorphism i.e. 89.64% and 89.16% respectively. The ISSR primers yielded average 2.53bands per primer while RAPD primers amplified average 4.16 bands per primer. The average number of polymorphic bands was higher in case of RAPDs (3.66) as compared to that in ISSRs (2.17). Overall, size of PCR amplified products ranged between 200bp and 1800bp for ISSR primers and between 600bp and 4000bp for RAPD primers. Based on ISSR similarity matrix data, the value of similarity coefficient ranged from 0.130 to 0.680 with an average genetic similarity of 0.405. RAPD similarity matrices between different accessions ranged from 0.105 to 0.778 with average similarity coefficient of 0.441. Dendrograms generated using ISSR and RAPD markers separated accessions into twomajor clusters, which were further divided into sub clusters. Dendrogram based on RAPD markers was not in accord with dendrogram based on ISSR markers. However, dendrogram obtained, with combined marker system resulted in better grouping of various accessions of gurmar.A high percentage polymorphism (approx. 89%) was observed among different accessions. The average similarity across all the accessions was found out to be 0.405, indicating a high level of genetic dissimilarity among the accessions. Accessions having lowest similarity coefficient are most diverse and can be used in breeding and crop improvement programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence studies in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thumb) ohwi and ohashi]
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Panchta, Ravish; Hooda, J.S.
    Sixty five Genotypes of Rice bean were evaluated for ten traits at research area of MAU&UP (Medicinal Aromatic and Under Utillized Plants) section, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. All the genotypes have significant genetic variability. Characters seed yield per plant, clusters per plant and pods per plant traits exhibited high variability, while other traits exhibited moderate and low variability. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, pod length, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and plant height. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of clusters per plantfollowed by pod length, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod and number of branches per plant were main contributor towards seed yield per plant. Following non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis all the 65 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters with variable number of genotypes. On the basis of data on genetic divergence and mean performance of metric traits, ten diverse and superior genotypes namely HRB-12, RBL-160, LRB-412, LRB-314, LRB-313, LRB-126, LRB-453, LRB-235 and RBL-35 were identified as promising for most of the traits traits. Therefore, these genotypes may be involved in a multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants for the further improvement of Rice bean.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence in elite genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & coss.)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Balvir Singh; Thakral, N.K.
    An attempt was made to study the genetic divergence amongst 90 advance genotypes of Indian mustard. Significant difference for various traits indicated substantial amount of variability existed among the genotypes for various traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for seed yield and most of the traits. Based on relative magnitude of genetic distances 90 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters. The clusters I comprising 20 genotypes followed by cluster II consosting of 18 genotypes, cluster III with 15 genotypes, cluster IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX contained 10,8,7,7,3 & 2 genotypes, respectively. No correspondence was observed between the geographical and the genetic diversity, but distribution of genotypes were random and independent.The magnitude of inter-cluster distance was greater than intra-cluster diatances, suggesting presence of diversity among the clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster VIII and IX (9.756) followed by II and IX (9.619), cluster IV and IX (9.120) and cluster III and IX (9.094). The use of genotypes in hybridization from these clusters having most of the desirable characters are likely to produce more transgressive segregants. The D 2 analysis further indicated that high variation for various seed yield contributing traits viz. number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, siliquae on main shoot, siliqua angle, 1000 seed weight and main shoot length contributed more than 68 % of the total divergence and had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. In general genotypic correlation coefficient were higher in magnitude than their phenotypic correlation coefficient. Seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches/plant, primary branch angle, main shoot length, siliqua length and number of seeds per siliqua. Path analysis confirmed that characters such as main shoot length, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of seeds per siliqua and siliqua length were the major component traits of seed yield and hence these characters should be given priority in selection in view of their high heritability coupled with high genetic advance also. The genotypes RH-8812, RH-0950, RH-9304, RH-0784, RH-0905, RH-0871, EC-597328, RH(OE)-0903, RH-0835, RH-0847, RH(OE)-0801, RH-0910, RH-0912, RH-0825, RH-0848, RH-0850 selected from various divergent clustetrs having most of the desirable characters were identified as promising on the basis of genetic divergence and per se performance for several traits particularly for seed yield and oil content and can be used in future breeding programme for improving seed yield and component traits in order to enhance overall productivity of Indian mustard.