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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, biochemical and molecular basis of cotton leaf curl virus disease in gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and biochemical characterization of various forage sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(CCSHAU, 2016) Rohila, Neha; Arya, SatywanThe present study was conducted on 25 sorghum genotypes grown in Randomized Block Design during Kharif 2015 to evaluate, categorize and classify them for fodder yield and quality traits. Observations were recorded on eighteen variables involving morphological, quality. Likewise high estimates for genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for most of characters except NDF, cellulose and ADF. The mean squares were recorded to be highly significant for all the characters studied. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than the Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits denoting environmental factors influencing their expression to some degree. Genetic divergence study classified genotypes into six major clusters containing one to seven genotypes. Cluster I and II had most favourable characters as plant height, number of tillers, stem girth, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, crude protein, DDM, IVDMD. Though cluster V had only one genotype i.e. COFS 29 and CSV 21F were found to be better performers, considering fodder yield characters, IVDMD and crude protein. Correlation study indicated positive association of fodder yield with plant height, digestible dry matter, and negative correlation with NDF. IVDMD was found to be positively correlated with DDM, number of leaves, crude protein and negative with lignin.ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic evaluation of recombinant inbred lines of mungbean [vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] for micronutrients and yield traits(CCSHAU, 2016) Kritika; Yadav, RajeshSeventy mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between ML 776 (high Zn and Fe content) and MH 2-15 (high yield and MYMV resistant) were used to study the genetic variability, correlations and genetic divergence. Significant variability among the genotypes for all the characters i.e. days to flowering and maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed and biological yield per plot, reaction to MYMV, zinc and iron content in seeds except harvest index was observed. High GCV corresponding heritability and genetic advance for number of branches per plant, seed and biological yield per plot, reaction to MYMV, zinc and iron content in seeds suggested that these characters are controlled by additive gene action and can be improved through selection. Low GCV coupled with low heritability and genetic advance was observed for number of seeds per pod and harvest index indicating presence of non-additive gene action and high GxE interaction. Positive association of seed yield was found with plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, biological yield and harvest index and negative with days to flowering, days to maturity and MYMV reaction. Eight clusters containing one to 30 and three to 23 genotypes under untreated and treated environments, respectively were formed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Inter-cluster distance was observed maximum between clusters VII and VIII in both the environments. Therefore, genotypes belonging to cluster VII and VIII may be used in hybridization programme to obtain the desired transgressive segregants. Among the 70 RILs, about 43 % responded positively to zinc, 71 % to iron and 29 % to both Zn and Fe application. RILs having high zinc and iron contents responded less to their application as compared to those having low to moderate zinc and iron content. In this study, RIL-1, RIL-11, RIL-37, RIL-59, RIL-61 and RIL-70 were found to have significantly high zinc content, RIL-1, RIL-3, RIL-7, RIL-37 and RIL-38 had significantly high iron content and RIL-25, RIL-54, RIL-58, RIL-60 and RIL-67 had high seed yield which can be utilized to develop mungbean varieties with a combination of high yield and micronutrients (Zn and Fe) content.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological characterization of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm for fodder yield and DUS traits(CCSHAU, 2016) Prajapati, Deepak Raj; Naresh KumarA total of 75 germplam lines of sorghum were characterized on the basis 27 qualitative and 12 quantitative characters provided by PPV & FRA for DUS testing in sorghum. Results revealed that maximum variation was present among genotypes on the basis of glume colour (6 groups), neck of panicle (5 groups), length for flower with pedicel (5 groups), time of panicle emergence (4 groups), colour of dry anther (4 groups), panicle length of branches (4 groups), panicle shape (4 groups) and caryopsis colour (4 groups). Classification of genotypes on the basis of DUS traits provided identification of key characteristics of various genotypes. High GCV and high PCV were observed for traits like plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, green fodder yield per plant (g), 1000 seed weight (g) and panicle length without peduncle (cm). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for the traits viz., number of tillers per plant, green fodder yield per plant (g), dry fodder yield per plant (g), 100 seed weight (g), 1000 seed weight (g) and panicle length without peduncle (cm). Dry fodder per plant was found significant positive association with plant height, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant of leaves and green fodder yield. Based on path coefficient analysis at the genotypic level high direct and positive effects were observed for 1000 seed weight, stem diameter, green fodder yield while 100 seed weight had high negative direct effects. Using Toucher’s method employed on the Mahalanobis euclidation2 distance (D2) values genotypes were grpuped into seven cluser. The intra and inter cluster distance were ranging from 3.21-4.31 and 4.32-6.36 respectively. The inter cluster distance were higher than intra cluster distances. Total of five components were extracted on the basis of Eigenvalues (> 1) and these components explained upto 71.35% variabilityThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity analysis for morphological traits and stripe rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2016) Manisha Kumari; Mukesh KumarThe present investigation “Genetic diversity analysis for morphological traits and stripe rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was carried out with the objective of characterizing 49 wheat genotypes on the basis of 14 morpho-physiological characters and to study the DNA polymorphism on the basis of SSR markers. Mean sum of squares due to genotypes were significant for all the quantitative characters (except grain length and grain breadth) indicating sufficient magnitude of variations. Correlation coefficients showed that genotypes having high grain yield were also better in number of productive tillers, plant height, 1000 grain weight, spike length, spike weight, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, flag leaf area, biological yield and harvest index indicating the importance of these characters for high grain yield. The magnitude of direct effects showed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers and spike weight was important for improvement of grain yield. The level of polymorphism displayed by the SSR markers was considerably high in the present analysis, as reflected by the high mean PIC value (0.95). At phenotypic level (D 2 analysis) the genotypes were classified into seven clusters whereas, DNA analysis classified all the 49 genotypes into nine sub groups which are more precise. Therefore, classification on the basis of SSRs markers could be more relied upon for developing breeding strategies in wheat.ThesisItem Open Access Combining ability and economic heterosis for seed cotton yield and attributing traits in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Ankit Kumar; Nirania, K.S.The present study was undertaken to estimate economic heterosis with the objective of exploring possibilities of its commercial utilization and to study the combining ability effects. The material for the present investigation comprised of Forty American cotton hybrids developed on four female parents (testers) using ten male parents (lines) in line x testers mating design and one standard check (HHH 223).The experimental material was grown at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Cotton Research Station Sirsa, during Kharif 2014-15 in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for eight characters namely, plant height, number of monopods, number of bolls, boll weight, ginning out turn, seed index, lint index and seed cotton yield per plant. The economic heterosis was calculated over standard check HHH 223. Considerable amount of heterosis were recorded for seed cotton yield and other related characters under study. The hybrids H1117 × GS-10, H1117 × HS-180, H1117 × PUSA-1803, H1098 × HS-180 , H1098 × RED 5-7, H1117 × Tamcot SP-23 and H1098 × GS-10 exhibited heterosis of more than 70 per cent and hence warrant their further testing over locations for commercial utilization. The combining ability analysis revealed that additive variance was more than non- additive variance in the expression of all the traits. Among female parents H1117 was the best general combiner. In general, none of the male and female parents was found to posses high gca effects for all the characters under study. However, considering the economic importance of various characters HS- 180, GS-10, PUSA-1803 and RED 5-7 among the male and H1117 among female may be used for future breeding.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability study for yield and biochemical parameters in Gossypium arboreum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Vekariya, Rajesh Dhanji; SomveerThe present study comprised eighty Gossypium arboreum L. genotypes viz., sixty hybrids, their parents (i.e. four females and fifteen males) and one check hybrid AAH 1. The crosses were attempted in Line x Testers mating design. All the hybrids along with parents and check were grown at research area of Cotton section, Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2015. Observations were recorded for thirteen characters namely, days to first flower, number of monopods, number of bolls per plant, plant height, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant, number of seeds per boll, ginning out turn, seed index and lint index and biochemical parameters like oil content, protein content and gossypol content. Out of sixty hybrids studied, a total thirty three hybrids showed positive heterobeltiosis and seventeen hybrids showed positive economic heterosis over standard check, AAH 1 and thirty nine crosses showed positive average heterosis for seed cotton yield. In order of merit of F1 hybrids DGMS 34 x HD 517 (53.19%), DGMS 34 x HD 523 (40.00%), DGMS 2 x HD 528 (39.96%) and DGMS 1 x HD 432 (39.97%) recorded highest positive standard heterosis for number of bolls, seed cotton yield and lowest gossypol content, while the maximum heterobeltiosis for seed cotton yield per plant was exhibited by the hybrids DGMS 2 x HD 528 (121.82%) followed by DGMS 1 x HD 432 (114.48%) and DGMS 1 x CNA 398 (84.62%). Hybrids DGMS 1 x HD 432 and DGMS 2 x HD 528 showed good heterotic performance over mid parent, better parent and standard check (AAH 1) for number of bolls and seed cotton yield. DGMS 34 x HD 517 for reducing level of gossypol and DGMS 1 x LD 1026 for high level of protein while DGMS 9 x CNA 398 for high level of oil content over standard check AAH 1. The combining ability study revealed that male parent HD 517 was best general combiner for seed cotton yield, number of bolls, boll weight, number of monopods, days to first flower and gossypol content. The second best combiner for seed cotton yield was CNA 398, which was also found to be best combiner for number of bolls, boll weight, number of monopods and ginning out turn. Among male parents HD 534 was found best combiner for ginning out turn, boll weight, number of seeds per boll and days to first flower for earliness, HD 528 for protein content, CNA 398 and HD 532 for oil content and HD 523 and HD 432 and among female parents, DGMS 34 was found highest GCA effects for reducing level of gossypol content. For seed cotton yield and yield related traits the good SCA effects were observed in the cross DGMS 2 x HD 528, DGMS 1 x HD 432, DGMS 34 x HD 517 and DGMS 34 x HD 523 along with good per se. DGMS 1 x LD 1026 for oil content, DGMS 1 x HD 503 for protein content and DGMS 34 x HD 534 for reducing gossypol content exhibited significant SCA effect.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on association and stability analysis for seed cotton yield and its component traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Batheja, Aashima; Pundir, S. R.The present study was undertaken to study correlation between various traits, path analysis for seed cotton yield and to identify the stable genotypes for seed cotton yield and other traits. Experimental material comprised of 30 upland cotton genotypes which were grown in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice at the cotton research area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Observations were recorded for eleven traits namely, plant height (cm), days to first flower, number of monopods, number of sympods per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), ginning out turn (%), seed index (g), lint index (g), lint yield per plant (g) and seed cotton yield per plant (g). Sufficient variation existed among all the genotypes. Coefficient of variation was low for almost all traits in all the environments, which indicated precision of the experiments conducted. Correlation studies indicated that seed cotton yield per plant was found to be positively associated with plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint yield per plant and ginning out turn. Path coefficient analysis suggested the importance of lint yield per plant, seed index, boll weight and number of bolls per plant as they had high positive direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant. Based on the stability analysis genotype H 1505 was found to be stable and suitable for all types of environments and also deserves attention of the plant breeders for inclusion in breeding programme as adaptable and stable genotype for seed cotton yield.ThesisItem Open Access Character association and genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sunil; Sehrawat, K.D.The present investigation was carried out during Rabi, 2014-15 at Research farm of Wheat and Barley section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was conducted to evaluate one hundred seventy barley germplasm lines (101 two rowed and 69 six rowed) and three standard check varieties (BH393 & BH946 six rowed and BH885 two rowed) in Augmented Block Design. The analysis of variance indicated significant difference (p<0.05) among entries (ignoring blocks), checks, varieties and checks v/s varieties for all quantitative characters except harvest index in the case of checks. The mean squares due to blocks were non-significant for all the characters under study. The high magnitude of PCV along with GCV was observed for number of tillers per plant, followed by peduncle extrusion length. Grain yield per plant exhibited strong positive association with biological yield/plant, number of grains/spike, number of tillers/plant and 1000 seed weight for both the two rowed as well as six rowed barley genotypes. Path coefficient analysis revealed that all the characters have direct and positive association with grain yield/plant except peduncle extrusion length which had negative direct effect in case of two rowed barley. While for the six rowed barley, the characters viz. biological yield/plant, harvest index, number of tillers/plant, days to 75% flowering and peduncle extrusion length have positive direct effects on grain yield/plant. The non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped the genotypes including checks into eleven distinct clusters for two rowed barley genotypes and nine clusters for six rowed barley genotypes. This indicated existence of high degree of genetic diversity in the genotypes evaluated. The clusters formed in divergence analysis contained genotypes of heterogeneous origin thereby indicating no parallelism between genetic and geographic diversity. The highest intra-cluster distance was recorded for cluster XI in two rowed barley and for cluster I in six rowed barley, which indicates the existence of maximum variability within the clusters. The lowest intra-cluster distance value was recorded for cluster V in two rowed while for the cluster VI in six rowed barley.