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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access Agri-tourism as enterprise diversification in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2008) Davender Kumar; Mehta, S.K.Tourism is termed as instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. The state of Haryana has location advantage being nearer to national capital of country, Delhi. There are five National Highways that pass via Haryana to different states of the country. Moreover, the farmers of Haryana are resourceful and innovative and have capability to start this new concept of agri-tourism, therefore. This project on agri-tourism was planned to be studied in Haryana state. Agri-tourism being new concept; it was difficult to find large number of farmers for this profession. A list of 80 farmers was prepared, who were either registered with Haryana tourism or were having equivalent capacity to provide all types of facilities on their farms. They were taken as the respondents of the study. The data revealed that majority of the respondents were belonging to medium category regarding almost all the independent variables viz. age, family education, land holding, socio-economic status, mass media exposures, risk bearing capacity, innovativeness, extension contacts, source of income, man power availability and irrigation facility. The owners of the agri-tourism farms were either already providing or they were ready to provide various kinds of facilities on demand, which were very common and people usually asked for ,while majority of the owners were not providing the facilities which were not commonly asked by the visitors. Regarding visits paid by the various groups it was recorded that as many as 3290 visitors in all, visited various agri-tourism units at different places under study, out of which there were 9 International visitors, 488 national visitors. There were as many as 1698 visitors from the surrounding city areas which come to be the 51.61 per cent of the total population of visitors. In total about two fifth of the total tourists visited different agri-tourism units at different places under study were the children. The number of visitors who visited agri-tourism units in the winter season was more than twice of the visitors who visited in the summer season. Among various kinds of tourism, agri-tourism was found very much related with rural tourism. The findings depicted that majority of the respondents were either self motivated or motivated by their family members. When asked about their interest and needs for various training programme, almost all the farmers showed their interest in obtaining the trainings for the diversification and development of their farm in to agri-tourism and none of the respondents preferred a training of more than a fortnight duration. More than three-fourth of the respondents agreed upon that diversification of traditional farming into agri-tourism was beneficial and it will add to their present income. Also the majority were in favor of that agri-tourism provides a natural environment and it is very eco-friendly. When asked about the benefits of agri-tourism it was found beneficial in many regards such as their status in the society will be increased. A massive majority said that additional income from the agri-tourism was the most important prospect. The major constraint in the development of agri-tourism was the difficulty in getting a loan or the lack of financial facilities.ThesisItem Open Access Diversification in agriculture for high valued crops for sustainable development(CCSHAU, 2009) Laxman Singh; Sehrawat, P.S.A study entitled, āDiversification in agriculture for high valued crops for sustainable developmentā, was carried in Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of Haryana with the objectives of (i) to identify alternatives to those current farm practices those have the greatest potential to harm the environment, (ii) to identify new crops for crop rotation to fit in farmers cropping system, (iii) to ascertain the training needs of farmers for high valued crops diversification in farming system and (iv) to identify constraints and prospects in the process of diversified sustainable agriculture. A total of 160 farmers were selected as respondents and appropriate statistical tests were used to draw meaningful inferences. The study revealed that maximum respondents were in middle age category. Majority of the farmers were in high school level of education. Maximum respondents were of medium level of SES. In land holding the frequency of marginal farmers were high. Wheat based crop rotation is maximum followed by gram, mustard, vegetable and orchard in rabi season, and rice based crop rotation is maximum followed by bajra, vegetable, jowar and orchard in kharif season. Maximum of the respondents were used tubewell as source of irrigation. The farmers had high level of extension contacts. Cultivation farming is the main source of income. In case of man power availability, males are in major category as compare to female. In case of irrigation facility, mostly the farmers used sprinkler system. In case of other facility available, 50 per cent of the primary agricultural implements were owned and 50 per cent were hired. Regarding secondary agricultural implements, the frequency of hired is maximum as compare to owned and the respondents had less number of storage system as compare to transport facilities. The major prospects towards diversification were high price in diversified crops/enterprises, better economic returns, demand is increasing, better technical support is available and better credit facilities are available at present. The major constraints towards diversification were lack of technical guidance, constraints related to production, constraints related to inputs and finally constraints related to marketing. In case of training needs the respondents were eager to take training mostly in vegetable growing followed by dairy farming, flowers, mushroom growing, pulses, poultry and sugarcane. The status of farmer was found to be medium towards diversification. Age, family education, crop rotation pattern, man power availability and irrigation facilities were positively correlated with prospects. Family education, man power availability and irrigation facilities were positively correlated with the training needs. Family education, source of irrigation, man power availability and irrigation facilities were positively correlated with the constraints. Family education, crop rotation, source of irrigation, extension contacts, man power availability and irrigation facilities were positively correlated with the status of the farmers. Age, land holding, socio-economic status, crop rotation pattern, extension contacts, source of income and other facilities available were negatively correlated with constraints. Age, land holding, socio-economic status, source of income and other facilities available were negatively correlated with status of farmers. Land holding, socio-economic status, source of irrigation, extension contacts, source of income and other facilities available were negatively correlated with the prospects. Age, land holding, socio-economic status, crop rotation pattern, source of irrigation, extension contacts, source of income and other facilities available were negatively correlated with the training needs. All the eleven independent variables contributed to the extent of 74.36 per cent towards the prospects, 85.16 per cent to the training needs, 90.37 per cent to constraints and 75.69 per cent to the status of farmers towards diversification. All the respondents were aware of zero tillage machines, tested their soil and water samples, practice seed treatment and maintaining farm records but were less aware of crop insurance scheme, laser land leveler, vermicompost and storage facilities. In case of new crops for crop rotation wheat, mustard, gram, vegetables and orchards were the crops which were prevalent in the crop rotation in rabi season and rice, vegetable, jowar, bajra and orchard in kharif season.