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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2010 - 201621
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Subject: Biochemistry × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 21
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Protective role of spermine on salinity induced oxidative stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Snehvart; Malhotra, Sarla
    The effect of salt stress and spermine was studied on oxidative stress and antioxidative system in rice seedlings. The seeds of salt-tolerant (CSR-10) and salt-sensitive (IR-28) cultivars of rice were germinated on Whatman filter paper No. 1 for 4 days and then the seedlings were transferred to hydroponic culture system. The three week old rice seedlings were subjected to 50 and 100 mM salt stress for 10 days. The protective effect of spermine was studied by its exogenous application at 0.1 and 1 mM concentration before salt stress or along with salt stress or after salt stress. The roots and leaves of control, salt-stressed and spermine treated stress plants were analysed for lipid peroxidation (MDA, O2.-, H2O2 content and LOX activity), activities of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR, POX and APX) and antioxidative metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione). Imposition of stress resulted in increase in H2O2, O2.- and MDA content and LOX activity, however, the increase was more pronounced in IR-28. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, in general, decreased in both the tissues of IR-28 but increased in those of CSR-10 upon exposure to salinity. Exogenous application of spermine could partially alleviate the deleterious effect of salinity by lowering H2O2, O2.-, MDA content and LOX activity both in leaves and roots of salt stressed plants of both cultivars. The level of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione content increased by spermine application to stressed plants of both cultivars. All antioxidative enzymes exhibited an increase in activities in both cultivars after spermine application but the higher concentration (1 mM) had no effect on GR and SOD activity in leaves of CSR-10. Thus, PAs are able to influence oxidative stress intensity by moderating the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Partial purification and characterization of peroxidase from pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Goyal, Preeti; Chugh, L. K.
    This is the first report describing purification and characterization of peroxidase from pearl millet grains. Peroxidase from pearl millet hybrid HHB 94 was purified using ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography using Sephadex G - 100 and DEAE cellulose respectively, to near homogeneity. The protocol yielded 41 % of peroxidase with 33.2 fold purification. The purified enzyme preparation has molecular weight of 31 kDa as determined by gel filtration through Sephadex G – 100 and 30.4 kDa by SDS – PAGE suggesting that the enzyme is a monomer. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.6 and 30 °C. It was most stable in the pH range of 6.0 – 6.8 and at temperature below 35 °C. Peroxidase showed Km value of 0.10 mM and 11 mM for o – dianisidine and H2O2, respectively. Activity of peroxidase was highly inhibited by DTT, β – mercaptoethanol , hydrazine and moderately inhibited by sodium azide, sodium borohydride, oxalic acid, EDTA and DTNB. The enzyme activity was enhanced by Ca2+ and Fe3+ but moderately inhibited by Mn2+ , Na+ and K+. Electrophoretic studies of pearl millet grain peroxidase revealed three isozymes in HHB 94 and ICMA 94222 x 78/711. Banding pattern was similar in both but banding intensity represented that ICMA 94222 x 78/711 had lesser peroxidase activity compared to HHB 94.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of micronutrients on biochemical constituents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seedlings infected with Rhizoctonia species
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Wadhwa, Neha; Joshi, U.N.
    The present investigation had been done to study the effect of micronutrients (Zn, Cu and Mn) on biochemical constituents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seedlings infected with Rhizoctonia species. The seedlings were grown under eleven different micronutrient treatments, in earthen pots, filled with inoculated soil. The inoculated soil was prepared by the pretreatment of soil with 250mg (wet weight) of Rhizoctonia inoculum. Similar set was maintained in uninoculated soil. Morphological parameters like fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, shoot and root length decreased with infection but increased with micronutrient treatments. Chlorophyll, non-structural carbohydrate and IVDMD content decreased in inoculated seedlings as compared to uninoculated one. Oxidative enzymatic activities (PPO, POX, PAL and TAL), crude protein content, phenolic content and structural carbohydrates (ADF, Cellulose, Lignin and Silica) increased in inoculated seedlings and this increase was further heightened by micronutrient treatments, to counteract the fungal invasion. On the basis of present study, it was concluded that Zn2+ 20ppm
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of micronutrients on biochemical constituents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seedlings infected with Rhizoctonia species
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Wadhwa, Neha; Joshi, U.N.
    The present investigation had been done to study the effect of micronutrients (Zn, Cu and Mn) on biochemical constituents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seedlings infected with Rhizoctonia species. The seedlings were grown under eleven different micronutrient treatments, in earthen pots, filled with inoculated soil. The inoculated soil was prepared by the pretreatment of soil with 250mg (wet weight) of Rhizoctonia inoculum. Similar set was maintained in uninoculated soil. Morphological parameters like fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, shoot and root length decreased with infection but increased with micronutrient treatments. Chlorophyll, non-structural carbohydrate and IVDMD content decreased in inoculated seedlings as compared to uninoculated one. Oxidative enzymatic activities (PPO, POX, PAL and TAL), crude protein content, phenolic content and structural carbohydrates (ADF, Cellulose, Lignin and Silica) increased in inoculated seedlings and this increase was further heightened by micronutrient treatments, to counteract the fungal invasion. On the basis of present study, it was concluded that Zn2+ 20ppm treatment may be used as soil-nutritive agent to provide resistance in plants against fungal diseases.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of salinity on morphological and biochemical parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Vandana; Gupta, Kaushalya
    The present investigation had been done to study the effect of salinity on morphological and biochemical parameters of sorghum genotypes in stem, leaf and shoot. The plants were grown in cemented plots with four level of salinity (control, 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1). Morphological parameters like plant height per plant, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of stem, leaves and shoot (g/plant) they all decreased under salinity stress in all genotypes. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, structural carbohydrates (NDF, ADF, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin and silica), protein and IVDMD of genotypes significantly decreased with increasing salinity levels. HCN content, membrane injury, sugars (total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar), tannins and phenolic content (total phenol, flavanol and O-dihydric phenol) significantly increased with increasing salinity levels. Macronutrient like Na and P content increased, and K and Ca content decreased, whereas, in micronutrient Mn, Zn content increased and Cu and Fe content decreased significantly at each level of salinity in all the genotypes. On the basis of present study it was concluded that HC 171 and SSG 59-3 may be resistant genotypes, HJ 513 and IS 651 S may be moderate resistant genotypes and HC 260 and HC 308 may be susceptible genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical studies in wheat under zinc deficiency
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Chawla, Shilpa; Madan, Shashi
    The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of zinc deficiency on physiological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters. Two aestivum genotypes viz. WH-147 and WH-1061 and two durum genotypes viz. WH-896 and WH-912 were sown under varying levels of zinc i.e. T1- 100% Zn, T2- 50% Zn and T3- 25% Zn. Analysis of data revealed that activity of CAT, SOD, ADH, ALP decreased with the decreasing level of Zn while activity of LOX and POX increased with the decrease in zinc level. Protein profile studies revealed the appearance of new band of 34kD in bread wheat genotypes only. Also, one more band of 47kD appeared in all the genotypes at 25% zinc level. Zinc content decreased in leaves and grains but increased in roots under zinc deficiency. Physiological parameters like chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency declined with the decrease in zinc level. MDA content and electrolyte leakage increased under zinc deficiency. Yield parameters like plant height, biomass per plant, spike length, test weight, grain yield per plant and number of spikelet decreased with the decreasing level of zinc. Quality parameters like moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, starch content and sedimentation value declined with the decrease in zinc level. Bread wheat genotypes were found to be more tolerant under Zn deficit conditions than durum wheat. Among bread wheat WH-1061 was more tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical and molecular characterization of aerobic rice genotypes under water limiting conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Grewal, Savita; Jain, Sunita
    Eight indica/Basmati and aerobic rice varieties (HBC19, PS4, PAU201, HKR47, MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, and IVT3508) were used to study various physio-morphological, biochemical, agronomic and molecular parameters under water limiting conditions. For this the plants were grown in pots and were subjected to flooded as well as aerobic water conditions and in another experiment PEG induced water stress of -1 and -2 bar was generated in hydroponic conditions. Aerobic rice genotypes performed better than indica/Basmati rice varieties under aerobic and water stressed conditions in all aspects of physio-morphological, biochemical and agronomic attributes. Large deviation was observed in all rice genotypes for shoot length (30.33-47.74 cm; 38.78-41.13 cm), root length (13.73-54.33 cm; 22.40-32.58 cm), root thickness (0.47-1.38 mm; 0.42-1.19 mm), dry shoot weight (4.69-7.07 g; 0.211-255 g) and dry root weight (0.33- 1.55 g; 0.076-0.107 g), in 42-day-old seedlings when grown under aerobic conditions and in hydroponic system (at -2 bar). Relative water content (RWC) and osmotic potential reduced significantly under water limiting conditions in all the eight varieties. Aerobic rice genotypes had high basal levels of proline, free amino acids and reducing sugars as compared to the indica/basmati rice varieties under normal submerged conditions however, even though the absolute vales were still higher in aerobic varieties, the percent gain in proline, free aminoacids and reducing sugars were more in conventional varieties under aerobic and at -1 and -2 bar stress conditions in both root and shoot tissue. Yield and yield attributes were recorded at maturity only in pot experiment and here also aerobic rice varieties showed better performance than indica/Basmati rice varieties under aerobic conditions. Also the yield of aerobic rice varieties were higher under aerobic conditions (29.23-32.42 g) than under submerged conditions (21.63-28.28 g). The eight rice varieties were evaluated for molecular analysis using 10 SSR markers associated with root traits and a total of 23 alleles were detected. Notably, two SSR loci namely RM212 and RM525, had unique band of 160 bp and 110 bp size in two aerobic rice varieties i.e. MAS25 and IVT3508 respectively. An allele of 200 bp was also observed only in two aerobic rice varieties MAS25 and MAS109 at RM526 SSR locus. The average similarity of 0.5626 and 0.6523 was observed between two Basmati and two indica rice varieties to all the four aerobic rice varieties, respectively while among all the four aerobic rice varieties it was found to be only 0.4728.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical Studies on amelioration of phytotoxic effect of chromium (VI) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Sweety; Joshi, U.N.
    The present investigation had been done to study the effect of amelioration of toxic effect of Cr (VI) on morphological and biochemical parametersof sorghum. The plants were grown in plastic pots with four level of chromium concentration [control (0.0, 1.0 mg Cr (VI) kg -1 soil,2.0 mg Cr (VI) kg -1 soiland 4.0mg Cr (VI) kg -1 soil).To ameliorate the toxic effect of Cr (VI) given different treatments of salicylic acid and ferrous sulphate viz. pre-treatment, soil treatment and foliar spray or both. Morphological parameters like plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of leaves, stem and root decreased with an increasein the chromium concentration. The chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, total chlorophyll content decreased whereas, structural carbohydrates viz. NDF, ADF, cellulose, lignin and silica significantly increased with increasing chromium concentration. Nonstructural carbohydrate (total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars), crude protein content and IVDMD decreased with an increase in chromium concentration. Minerals like sodium, chromium and zinc content increased with increase in chromium concentration. The iron and potassium content decreased with increase in chromium concentration. Growth of sorghum plant was reduced very significantly in excess chromium. This loss in growth of sorghum plant was recovered partially by different treatments by salicylic acid (0.5 mM) andFeSO 4-EDTA solution (0.25 mM and 0.5 mM). The recovery in biomass of sorghum was maximum when FeSO4-EDTA solution was applied through both the ways i.e. through roots and through foliar spray together.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of biopolymer treatments on biochemical changes in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) fruit during storage
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Priyanka; Jain, Veena
    During present investigations, ber fruits of variety Kaithali (shelf -life 4-5 days) at mature green stage were harvested and were analyzed for various physico-chemical and biochemical parameters during storage. PLW, TSS content and sugars (total and reducing) of ber fruits with increasing storage period while fruit firmness and tittratable acidity exhibited continuous decrease throughout storage. The oxidative stress which is indicated by H2O2 content, MDA content and LOX activity, increased significantly during storage while the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes viz. SOD, CAT, POX, PPO and GR were invariably low at the later stages during storage. ROS scavenging metabolite viz. ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidative activity increased upto 8 th DOS and thereafter decreased at 10 th days of storage. However β-carotene decreased continuously throughout storage period. Pretreatment of chitosan and CaCl2 delayed PLW, decreased TSS content and sugars content and retained fruit firmness and acidity significantly during storage. Fruits treated with CaCl2 (2%) and chitosan (1%) alone and in combination could help them to retain higher antioxidative activity and ROS scavenging metabolites and the combined treatment of 2% CaCl2 and 1% chitosan was the most effective in enhancing storage ability of fruits.