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Subject: Agricultural Statistics × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2004 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hypoglycemic effect of food products developed from gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.) in rats
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Sihag, Jyoti; Jood, Sudesh
    The present study was conducted on gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre) leaves. These were evaluated for their chemical composition; develop technology for utilization of gurmar leaves powder in value addition and the nutritional value of the developed products. The effect of supplementation of gurmar leaves powder was determined on various blood parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats; the effect of supplementation of these leaves was also determined on various organs of rats viz. liver, kidney and pancreas by histopathological examination. Moisture (fresh leaves) and (dry leaves powder), crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and total carbohydrates ranged from 19.97, 2.84, 14.33, 2.44, 13.10, 8.87 and 61.26 per cent, DW, respectively. Four products viz. mattar, sev, biscuit and chooran were prepared using gurmar leaves powder. The products namely, mattar, sev and biscuit were prepared by incorporating 5, 10 and 15 per cent gurmar leaves powder, whereas chooran was prepared using various medicinal plants in different compositions as gurmar leaves powder (40%), jamun seed powder (20%), methi seed powder (10%), neem leaves powder (10%), karela powder (10%) and amla powder (10%). All the developed products were organoleptically evaluated. Value added products developed incorporating 5, 10 and 15 per cent gurmar leaves powder viz. mattar, sev and biscuits were found in the category of ‘liked moderately’ to ‘neither liked nor disliked’, ‘liked very much’ to ‘liked slightly’ and ‘liked moderately’ to liked slightly’, respectively; whereas gurmar leaves powder and chooran were categorized under ‘liked very much’ and ‘liked moderately’, respectively. Organoleptic acceptability of products namely, sev, chooran as well as gurmar leaves powder were found superior as compared to the products like mattar and biscuits. Physical characteristics of control and supplemented biscuits were also recorded. All the developed products were nutritionally analyzed. Among all the products, significant wide variation was found in moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, crude fibre, total carbohydrates, β-carotene, vitamin C, available carbohydrates, dietary fibre constituents, total minerals, in vitro availability of minerals and antinutrients. The differences in the nutritional composition were observed which might be due to the compositional difference of gurmar leaves powder and other ingredients used in the development of the products and not due to processing. The effectiveness of chooran and gurmar leaves powder (4g day-1 or 66.67 mg day-1) in controlling hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in comparison with a conventional anti-hyperglycaemic drug, named tolbutamide (50 mg day-1) was investigated in 48 alloxan-induced male Wistar rats. Animal studies revealed that there was a body weight homeostasis (135.00 g and 136.67 g), and a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum glucose (114.66 and 112.32 mg/dl), cholesterol (113.14 and 110.80 mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (44.35 and 38.43 mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (17.48 and 17.21 mg/dl), triglycerides (87.40 and 86.04 mg/dl) and liver enzymes namely, aspartate aminotransferase (40.02 and 41.69 U/L) and alanine aminotransferase (37.74 and 35.38 U/L) were observed in chooran and gurmar leaves powder-treated diabetic rats which were increased in the alloxan-induced diabetic control rats whereas a significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL-cholesterol (51.31 and 55.17 mg/dl) was observed in chooran and gurmar leaves powder-treated diabetic rats. Pathological changes initiated in the liver and kidney during the hyperglycaemic phase were observed to be reversed maximum in gurmar leaves powder-treated group and gurmar leaves powder also appeared to correct the metabolic derangements in diabetic rats’ liver and kidney by controlling hyperglycemia. The histopathological examination of pancreas of diabetic rats showed that the oral administration of gurmar leaves powder doubled the islet number and beta (β)-cell number. Thus, it can be concluded that Gymnema sylvestre represents an effective antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes as a long term measure as gurmar leaves powder appeared to bring about serum glucose homeostasis through increased serum insulin levels provided by repair/regeneration of the endocrine pancreas; concluding that Gymnema sylvestre may become a potential source of discovery of new orally active agent for future therapy.