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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Trend and Seasonal Variation in Mutton Prices of Tamil Nadu State, India
    (2014) Serma Saravana Pandian, A; Boopathy Raja, M; Vetrivel, D, et al.,; TANUVAS
    A study was under taken to analyze the trend and seasonal variations in mutton prices in four major consumption centers of Tamil Nadu. The data on monthly mutton prices for the period from April 1990 to March 2012 were collected from various secondary sources. The trend in mutton prices were analyzed by simple linear regression technique. The mutton price trend equation fitted showed that the price of mutton per kilogram hiked at the rate of 3.117 rupees in Chennai, 3.828 rupees in Madurai, 3.027 rupees in Coimbatore, 3.768 rupees in Trichy every month. The reason for this trend in mutton price might be due to the increasing demand driven by growing population pressure and decline in supply caused by factor like failure in disease prevention and decrease in grazing land availability. The seasonal variation in mutton prices were analyzed by centered moving average method and the result of the analysis showed that the monthly mutton price index was observed to be minimum during the month of July in Chennai and Trichy, September and December in Madurai and Coimbatore respectively. The seasonal mutton price index was found to be the highest during the month of January in Madurai and Trichy, December and March in Chennai and Coimbatore respectively. The reason for the non-uniformity in mutton prices might be due to the unorganized nature of mutton marketing which leaves the middlemen and other private players to behave differently in fixing their marketing cost and marketing margin.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Rearing of day old Swarnadhara chicks by farmers in Karaikal – evidence from an action research project
    (2013) Athilakshmy, S; Rao, SVN; TANUVAS
    The aim of this study is to ascertain whether poultry farmers are ready to purchase and rear day old chicks. Based on survey conducted among 120 randomly selected backyard poultry farmers, 50 interested families were identified in two selected communes to conduct the action research project. One day training programme on scientific rearing of chicks was conducted before distributing Swarnadhara chicks (developed by Veterinary College, Bangalore) among selected farmers. A total of 1000 Swarnadhara day old chicks procured from Veterinary College, Bangalore were distributed @ 20 chicks per respondent to all the 50 selected respondents on cost basis. The findings revealed that the average body weight of the birds at 12th week of age was 837g. The total mortality of birds was 40.8% up to 12th week and was attributed to disease, predators and accidental deaths. None of the respondents slaughtered their birds for meat consumption since they were interested to rear the birds for egg production. Attempts to diffuse the innovation through radio programmes were successful as the demand for supply of Swarnadhara day old chicks has gone up. It is proved that the farmers can pay and rear day old chicks, if chicks and timely veterinary services are delivered at their door step.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Knowledge of smallholder dairy farmers about green fodder innovations in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu
    (2019) Sangutha, OS; Narmatha, N; Uma, V, et al.,; TANUVAS
    The present study was conducted to analyze the knowledge about green fodder innovations among the smallholder dairy farmers. The smallholder dairy had been undergoing the process of intensification for the last two decades by adopting fodder based feeding system. This necessitated analyzing the prominent fodder innovations i.e., Cumbu Napier, Fodder Sorghum and Hedge Lucerne. The study was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu. Two blocks each from rainfed and irrigated areas and three villages from each block were selected purposively based on the cattle population. Atotal of 120 respondents were selected for the study. It was found that 36.66 per cent of the farmers in irrigated farming had high level of knowledge; whereas in rainfed farming more than half of the respondents (53.33 %) had low level of knowledge. Nearly two-third (61.67 %) of the respondents in irrigated farming and 41.67 per cent in rainfed farming had knowledge about the practice of recommended day of first and subsequent irrigation of Cumbu Napier. The educational status, area under green fodder cultivation, investment in dairying, land holding, experience and mass media exposure had significant positive relationship with the knowledge of dairy farmers on green fodder innovations.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Prevalence of haemoprotozoal diseases in cattle: A review of 6000 cases
    (2021) Subapriya, S; Senthil, NR; Gowri, B, et al.,; TANUVAS
    The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of haemoprotozoans in cattle. A total of 6000 blood samples were examined for the presence of different haemoprotozoan parasites by Leishman-Giemsa staining, out of which 1899 cattle were found positive for either one or more haemoprotozoans accounting to a prevalence rate of 31.65%. Anaplasma marginale was found to be most predominant haemoprotozoan 1298(68.35%) followed by Theileria annulata 516(27.17%), Babesia bigemina 77(4.05%), Trypanosoma evansi 28(1.47% %), Microfilaria 12(0.63%), Ehrlichia bovis 8(0.42%) and Babesia bovis 4(0.21%). Mixed infection was observed in 44(2.31%) cattle. The highest number of cases were recorded in Jersey cross 1249(65.77%) followed by Holstein Friesian cross 321(16.90%) and indigenous cattle 329(17.32%). Of the cases recorded, 56(2.95%) were males and 1843(97.05%) were females. The highest prevalence of haemoprotozoans was observed in female cattle were 9.22% in cattle of 1st parity, 25.17% in 2nd parity, 27.54% in 3rd parity, 17.06% in 4th parity, 10.16% in 5th parity, 2.16% in aged cattle more than 5th parity and 5.74% in cattle aged less than 1 year. In males, the highest incidence was observed in cattle belonging to the age group of 1.95% in young male cattle less than one year, 0.47% in 1 to 3 years age group, 0,21% in 3-5 years and 0.16% each in 5-8 years and more than 8 years old male cattle. Season wise, highest prevalence was observed in monsoon season 791(41.65%), followed by summer 576(30.33%) and post monsoon 532(28.01%) season.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Incidence and pathology of skin tumours in dogs
    (2021) Subapriya, S; Pazhanivel, N; Gokulakrishnan, M, et al.,; TANUVAS
    The present study was undertaken to study the incidence of skin tumours in canine population. A total of 160 dogs were diagnosed with skin tumours in the study period. Mast cell tumours 22 (13.75%), sweat gland adenocarcinoma 22 (13.75%), lipoma 18 (11.25%), histiocytoma 14 (8.75%), trichoblastoma 10 (6.25%) and perianal gland adenoma 10 (6.25%) were the tumours with highest order of occurrence. The tumours were recorded in 16 different breeds with the highest number of cases recorded in non-descript 55 (34.38%) followed by Labrador 46 (28.75%) and Spitz 19 (11.88%). Of the cases recorded, 109 (68.13%) were males and 51 (31.88%) were females. The highest incidence of skin tumours was observed in dogs belonging to the age group of 6-10 years 82 (50.63%) followed by 50 (31.25%) in dogs of 1-5 years age group. In the age group of more than 10 years, 25 (15.63%) cases were recorded. Only 3 (1.88%) cases were observed in young dogs of less than one year old. Location wise, higher incidence was observed in limbs 53 (33.13%), followed by trunk 39 (24.38%), head 32 (20.00%), neck 15 (9.38%), perianal region 15 (9.38%) and tail 6 (3.75%) respectively. Of the skin tumours identified, 73 (45.63%) were benign and87 (54.37%) were malignant.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Immunohistochemical diagnosis of skin tumours in dogs
    (2021) Subapriya, S; Pazhanivel, N; Shafiuzama, Mohammed; TANUVAS
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of potential tumour biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in different cutaneous neoplasms. Immunocytochemical studies on C Kit gene in mast cell tumours showed strong positive expression of C Kit. Immunohistochemical investigation showed expression of cytokeratin in all the epithelial tumours and vimentin in all mesenchymal tumours studied. Among the epithelial tumours, squamous cell carcinoma showed positive expression for the marker Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) in contrary to basal cell carcinoma which showed no expression to EMA. The mesenchymal tumour haemangiosarcoma showed positive expression for CD31. Among the round cell tumours, mast cell tumour showed positive expression to C Kit, B cell lymphoma showed positive expression to CD79a and T cell lymphoma showed positive expression to CD3. Melanoma tumours showed positive expression to both Melan A and S100.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Gross, cytological, histopathological and Ultrastructural features of canine sweat gland adenocarcinoma: A case report
    (2021) Subapriya, S; Pazhanivel, N; Ramesh, S; TANUVAS
    A 12 year old, male, Spitz breed dog was presented with a mass in the thigh region for tumour diagnosis. Samples were collected by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) for cytological examination. Tissue samples were collected post surgical excision for histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation. Cytology of the mass revealed pleomorphic neoplastic cells containing round to oval nuclei and prominent multiple nucleoli. Histopathological examination revealed varying sized ducts and tubules containing pleomorphic neoplastic cells containing round to oval vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed tumour cells with features of anisokaryosis, multiple nuclei in a cell, margination of heterochromatin and prominent nucleoli with coarse chromatin. Based on the above findings the mass was diagnosed as sweat gland adenocarcinoma.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Update on microbial profile and drug sensitivity of canine otitis
    (2021) Hegde, Ganesh; Subapriya, S; Vairamuthu, S; TANUVAS
    A total of 55 ear swabs collected aseptically from 55 dogs affected with otitis were analysed to identify the microorganisms causing otitis and to understand the recent trend in the sensitivity pattern of commonly used antimicrobial drugs for treating otitis in dogs. The study revealed canine population belonging to various breeds, different age groups and of both sexes were affected with otitis. In microbial culture, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, E. coli, Proteus, Candida, Malaseezia, Rhizopus, Rhodotorula and Aspergillus spp were isolated. Overall sensitivity pattern indicated highest sensitivity to cefotaxime followed by gentamicin, enrofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline and amoxicillin.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    A rare case of congenital renal duplex system with renal calculi in a seventy five years old woman
    (2020) Jayamurugan, B; Senthil Kumar, P; Raja, P; Subapriya, S; TANUVAS
    Unilateral and bilateral renal calculi are more commonly observed in patients presented with pain in the loin region. Renal duplex system has been encountered occasionally as a congenital anomaly and it is more commonly diagnosed as an incidental finding during intraoperative renal surgical intervention of the patient. The present case is significant as in this case both renal calculi and union of both moieties of the ureters were observed in a seventy five years old woman.