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OtherItem Open Access INNOVTIVE LIVESTOCK DEVICES AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY KITS FOR SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK REARERS – AN OVERVIEW(2024) Meenakshi Sundaram S; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; Muthuramalingam T, et al.; TANUVASThe global livestock sector is highly dynamic in nature. In developing countries, it is evolving in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock products. In the future. production will increasingly be affected by competition for natural resources. particularly land and water competition between food and feed. Developments in housing. nutrition and animal health will continue to contribute to increasing potential production and further efficiency and genetic gains. Demand for livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socio-economic factors such as human health concerns and changing socio-cultural values.OtherItem Open Access HYDROPONIC FODDER PRODUCTION : ALTERNATE SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION(2024) Tensingh Gnanaraj P; Rajkumar K; Gunasekaran S; TANUVASInadequate availability of feed and fodders. both in terms of quantity and quality is significant constraints adversely affecting the production. health and reproduction potential of ruminants. This issue has been exacerbated over the past decades due to dwindling pasture lands and reduced area for fodder cultivation have resulted in deficit status of green fodder which further compounds the challenges faced by ruminant farmers. Hydroponic fodder production is an alternative technology to conventional soil-based cultivation of fodder crops. Unlike traditional methods that depend on various factors such as climate, water availability. pests. and soil conditions. hydroponics allows for vertical farming requiring less land. water, and manpower.OtherItem Open Access POULTRY WELFARE: AN OVERVIEW(2023) Tensingh Gnanaraj P; TANUVASDomestic fowl was the first farm animal confined indoors in large numbers in automated industrial production systems. Thus the modern poultry has become a model for industrial animal production. Commercialization of poultry has enhanced the meat and egg production substantially throughout the globe significantly contributing to the nutritional security to human kind. The scientific and technological developments in genetic selection, incubation. nutrition, housing, and health and disease control have completely transformed the poultry keeping to a well-organized industry. The total confinement in environmentally controlled houses has reduced production costs by reducing feed intake. The automation of feed and water supply, manure and eggs collection significantly reduced the labour costs, However, all these developments have compromised the welfare of the birds in one or the other way.OtherItem Open Access NATIVE CHICKEN HOUSING MANAGEMENT(2022) Tensingh Gnanaraj P; TANUVASNative chicken are having the good qualities of self propagation, high disease resistant, self protection from predators, caring of their offspring, thriving in extreme climatic conditions etc. However, when they are reared in large numbers for economic purposes, they need special attention, in terms of optimal management, health care and nutrition. Good housing with optimum micro climatic conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, not only result in optimal performance of the birds; but also improve the operational efficiency and “structural bio-security” which pave the way for “total bio-security”, resulting in higher economic returns. Poultry housing and management varies with the local agro-climatic conditions, volume of operation, availability of land, labour availability and automation costs etc.ArticleItem Open Access Trend and Seasonal Variation in Mutton Prices of Tamil Nadu State, India(2014) Serma Saravana Pandian, A; Boopathy Raja, M; Vetrivel, D, et al.,; TANUVASA study was under taken to analyze the trend and seasonal variations in mutton prices in four major consumption centers of Tamil Nadu. The data on monthly mutton prices for the period from April 1990 to March 2012 were collected from various secondary sources. The trend in mutton prices were analyzed by simple linear regression technique. The mutton price trend equation fitted showed that the price of mutton per kilogram hiked at the rate of 3.117 rupees in Chennai, 3.828 rupees in Madurai, 3.027 rupees in Coimbatore, 3.768 rupees in Trichy every month. The reason for this trend in mutton price might be due to the increasing demand driven by growing population pressure and decline in supply caused by factor like failure in disease prevention and decrease in grazing land availability. The seasonal variation in mutton prices were analyzed by centered moving average method and the result of the analysis showed that the monthly mutton price index was observed to be minimum during the month of July in Chennai and Trichy, September and December in Madurai and Coimbatore respectively. The seasonal mutton price index was found to be the highest during the month of January in Madurai and Trichy, December and March in Chennai and Coimbatore respectively. The reason for the non-uniformity in mutton prices might be due to the unorganized nature of mutton marketing which leaves the middlemen and other private players to behave differently in fixing their marketing cost and marketing margin.ArticleItem Open Access Rearing of day old Swarnadhara chicks by farmers in Karaikal – evidence from an action research project(2013) Athilakshmy, S; Rao, SVN; TANUVASThe aim of this study is to ascertain whether poultry farmers are ready to purchase and rear day old chicks. Based on survey conducted among 120 randomly selected backyard poultry farmers, 50 interested families were identified in two selected communes to conduct the action research project. One day training programme on scientific rearing of chicks was conducted before distributing Swarnadhara chicks (developed by Veterinary College, Bangalore) among selected farmers. A total of 1000 Swarnadhara day old chicks procured from Veterinary College, Bangalore were distributed @ 20 chicks per respondent to all the 50 selected respondents on cost basis. The findings revealed that the average body weight of the birds at 12th week of age was 837g. The total mortality of birds was 40.8% up to 12th week and was attributed to disease, predators and accidental deaths. None of the respondents slaughtered their birds for meat consumption since they were interested to rear the birds for egg production. Attempts to diffuse the innovation through radio programmes were successful as the demand for supply of Swarnadhara day old chicks has gone up. It is proved that the farmers can pay and rear day old chicks, if chicks and timely veterinary services are delivered at their door step.ArticleItem Open Access Knowledge of smallholder dairy farmers about green fodder innovations in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu(2019) Sangutha, OS; Narmatha, N; Uma, V, et al.,; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to analyze the knowledge about green fodder innovations among the smallholder dairy farmers. The smallholder dairy had been undergoing the process of intensification for the last two decades by adopting fodder based feeding system. This necessitated analyzing the prominent fodder innovations i.e., Cumbu Napier, Fodder Sorghum and Hedge Lucerne. The study was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu. Two blocks each from rainfed and irrigated areas and three villages from each block were selected purposively based on the cattle population. Atotal of 120 respondents were selected for the study. It was found that 36.66 per cent of the farmers in irrigated farming had high level of knowledge; whereas in rainfed farming more than half of the respondents (53.33 %) had low level of knowledge. Nearly two-third (61.67 %) of the respondents in irrigated farming and 41.67 per cent in rainfed farming had knowledge about the practice of recommended day of first and subsequent irrigation of Cumbu Napier. The educational status, area under green fodder cultivation, investment in dairying, land holding, experience and mass media exposure had significant positive relationship with the knowledge of dairy farmers on green fodder innovations.ArticleItem Open Access Prevalence of haemoprotozoal diseases in cattle: A review of 6000 cases(2021) Subapriya, S; Senthil, NR; Gowri, B, et al.,; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of haemoprotozoans in cattle. A total of 6000 blood samples were examined for the presence of different haemoprotozoan parasites by Leishman-Giemsa staining, out of which 1899 cattle were found positive for either one or more haemoprotozoans accounting to a prevalence rate of 31.65%. Anaplasma marginale was found to be most predominant haemoprotozoan 1298(68.35%) followed by Theileria annulata 516(27.17%), Babesia bigemina 77(4.05%), Trypanosoma evansi 28(1.47% %), Microfilaria 12(0.63%), Ehrlichia bovis 8(0.42%) and Babesia bovis 4(0.21%). Mixed infection was observed in 44(2.31%) cattle. The highest number of cases were recorded in Jersey cross 1249(65.77%) followed by Holstein Friesian cross 321(16.90%) and indigenous cattle 329(17.32%). Of the cases recorded, 56(2.95%) were males and 1843(97.05%) were females. The highest prevalence of haemoprotozoans was observed in female cattle were 9.22% in cattle of 1st parity, 25.17% in 2nd parity, 27.54% in 3rd parity, 17.06% in 4th parity, 10.16% in 5th parity, 2.16% in aged cattle more than 5th parity and 5.74% in cattle aged less than 1 year. In males, the highest incidence was observed in cattle belonging to the age group of 1.95% in young male cattle less than one year, 0.47% in 1 to 3 years age group, 0,21% in 3-5 years and 0.16% each in 5-8 years and more than 8 years old male cattle. Season wise, highest prevalence was observed in monsoon season 791(41.65%), followed by summer 576(30.33%) and post monsoon 532(28.01%) season.ArticleItem Open Access Incidence and pathology of skin tumours in dogs(2021) Subapriya, S; Pazhanivel, N; Gokulakrishnan, M, et al.,; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to study the incidence of skin tumours in canine population. A total of 160 dogs were diagnosed with skin tumours in the study period. Mast cell tumours 22 (13.75%), sweat gland adenocarcinoma 22 (13.75%), lipoma 18 (11.25%), histiocytoma 14 (8.75%), trichoblastoma 10 (6.25%) and perianal gland adenoma 10 (6.25%) were the tumours with highest order of occurrence. The tumours were recorded in 16 different breeds with the highest number of cases recorded in non-descript 55 (34.38%) followed by Labrador 46 (28.75%) and Spitz 19 (11.88%). Of the cases recorded, 109 (68.13%) were males and 51 (31.88%) were females. The highest incidence of skin tumours was observed in dogs belonging to the age group of 6-10 years 82 (50.63%) followed by 50 (31.25%) in dogs of 1-5 years age group. In the age group of more than 10 years, 25 (15.63%) cases were recorded. Only 3 (1.88%) cases were observed in young dogs of less than one year old. Location wise, higher incidence was observed in limbs 53 (33.13%), followed by trunk 39 (24.38%), head 32 (20.00%), neck 15 (9.38%), perianal region 15 (9.38%) and tail 6 (3.75%) respectively. Of the skin tumours identified, 73 (45.63%) were benign and87 (54.37%) were malignant.
