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ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical studies for heat tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-25) Totewad, Prashantkumar Gangdharrao; Bhadarge, H.H.The field experiment was conduct to study the “Morpho-physiological and biochemical studies for heat tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes.” at the farm of Wheat and maize Research Unit, Vasantrao Naik Marathwad Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. Total 16 genotypes were under study viz.., GW-513, DBW-150, HI-8823, HI-1636, HI-1605, HI-1544, HI-8823, MP 3288, AKDW-2997-16, MACS-4058, MACS-3949, DDW-47, WH-730, HI-1544, UAS-446, HI-8805. During both the season (rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22) treatment consisted of sixteen wheat genotypes. Each treatment was replicated two times. 32 treatment combinations were used. The experiments were laid out in a simple lattice design. The high temperature stress was induced by manipulation of sowing dates. Different morpho -physiological traits viz., tillers per meter row length at, relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, grain filling duration. Morpho-phyiological viz, plant height (90 DAS), total dry matter at (90 DAS), number of tillers, membrane thermo stability index (60 DAS), relative water content (60 DAS), flag leaf area (60 DAS), chlorophyll content and canopy temperature were found to correlated with grain yield . These traits may be used in breeding programme for development of thermo tolerant genotypes for late condition under changing climatic scenario. It evident that, crop sown on 15th November normal sowing recorded significantly higher grain yield of 1.71 (Kg) as compared to the crop sown on 10th December late sowing i.e., 1.31 (Kg) Grain yield ranged from 1.32 to 2.08 Kg among the genotypes. The significant genotypic differences were found for grain yield kg ranging from 1.32 kg to 2.08 kg among the genotypes. The genotype HD-3090 recorded the significantly highest grain yield of than all the wheat genotypes. The genotype MACS-4058 recorded the significantly higher grain yield of kg than all the wheat genotypes except HD-3090 and it was followed by late duration genotype MACS-4058, HI-8805, HI-1605, AKDW-2997-16 and MP-3288. Heat susceptibility index ranged from 0.74 to 1.23. Genotype HD-3090 showed HSI indicating highly thermo tolerance and grain yields are also better. The second high yielding genotype MACS-4058 showed HSI of again next high yielding genotype HI-1605 showed HIS. On the other hand, wheat genotypes which are moderately tolerant viz., MP-1358, HI-8823, AKDW-2997-16, MP-3288 and HI-8805 with high mean yield have commercial value but have good academic value which can be used for further exploitation in breeding programme. Number of tillers at 45 days after sowing exhibited positively significant correlation with grain yield and canopy temperature (21 DAA). However, this trait exhibited significantly negative correlation with relative water content (60 DAS) and canopy temperature (21 DAA) leaf area per plant at (60 DAS) has shown significantly positive correlation with total dry weight (90 DAS). The characters viz., leaf area, chlorophyll content (15 DAA), canopy temperature (15 DAA) and canopy temperature (21 DAS) showed high direct effect on grain yield per plant. This indicates that for applying the selection force on that character can ultimately improve grain yield per plant. The genotypes HD-3090, MACS-4058 and MP-1358 were shown to be extremely thermo tolerant based on HSI and grain yield, and they have tremendous economic value. The genotype HD-3090 was shown to be acceptable for both early and late sowing circumstances.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of wheat [Triticum aestivum L] genotypes for morpho-physiological & yield contributing traits as influenced by heat stress(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-12-21) Kardile, Prashant Bhausaheb; Dalvi, D.G.The present investigation on “Assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes for morpho-physiological & yield contributing traits as influenced by heat stress” was conducted under field condition using 20 genotypes of durum and bread wheat. The experiment was conducted for two years i.e., rabi 2019-20 and rabi 2020-21. Twenty genotypes viz., GW-493, HI-1625, DBW-235, AKAW-4924, PBW-770, MACS-6097, HD-3343, UAS-3002, PBW-822, DWAP-1715, RW-5, MP-1338, DBW-277, RWP-2018, GW-491, HI-1624, HD-2932, DBW-150, WH-730, RAJ-6765 were studied for high temperature tolerance. High temperature stress was induced by manipulation of the sowing dates i.e. normal sowing (control) (25th November, 2019, and 2020), late sowing (high temperature stress) (10th December, 2019 and 2020) and very late sowing (high temperature stress) (25th December, 2019 and 2020) Sowing dates were considered as main plot treatments and wheat genotypes as sub plot in split plot design with three replications. Timely sown wheat i.e. 25th November (3476.82 kg ha-1) gives higher yield than late sown 10th December (3227.24 kg ha-1) and very Late Sown 25th December (3182.24 kg ha-1) condition. The genotype PBW-770 recorded the significantly highest mean grain yield i.e., 4187 kg ha-1, 4068 kg ha-1 & 3926 kg ha-1 under normal, late and very late sown condition respectively. Among the 20 wheat genotypes, the genotype PBW-770 (4097 kg ha-1) followed by GW-493 (3782 kg ha-1), AKAW-4924 (3711 kg ha-1), and MACS-6097 (3566 kg ha-1) were recorded significantly higher grain yield. On the basis of heat susceptibility index and grain yield the genotypes viz., PBW-770, GW- 493, AKAW-4924 and MACS-6097 identified as highly thermo tolerant, are of immense commercial value as for breeding material. Genotype MP-1338 with low mean yield have good academic value in respect of physiological traits can be used for further exploitation in breeding programme. Check Genotypes RAJ-3765 & WH-730 both showed highly thermotolerant behavior with good grain yield, these genetic resources can be useful for improvement of thermo-tolerance in wheat crop. Wheat genotypes under field condition for high temperature stress induced by late sowing, genotypes viz., PBW-770, GW-493, AKAW-4924 and MACS-6097 identified as highly thermotolerant on the basis of their morpho-physiological & biochemical studies. These genotypes showed their higher efficiency to accumulate more dry matter, less reduction in plant height, maintenance of photosynthetically active apparatus, Higher leaf Nitrogen & chlorophyll content, higher chlorophyll stability index, Lower cell membrane thermostability index and higher relative water content. Genotypes PBW-770, GW-493, AKAW-4924 and MACS-6097 identified as suitable for both normal and late sown conditions in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. These genotypes can be used in future wheat improvement programme. These traits may be used in breeding programme for development of thermo tolerant genotypes for late condition under changing climatic scenario. Plant height decreased by 3.65% in late and 4.7% in very late sowing (high temperature stress) at maturity. Decrease in plant height may be due to inhibition cell elongation above 320C. Plant height decreased due to delayed sowing (high temperature stress) in wheat. In present investigation, high temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing caused 5.22% and 11.87% reduction in tillers per meter row length at 90 days. It was observed that total dry matter production plant-1 progressively increased from 45 DAS to 90 DAS and slightly reduced at harvest. Total dry matter production at 60, 90 and at harvest was found to be decreased by 2, 21.4 and 18.6% respectively under high temperature stress of 2.87 0C induced by late sowing compared to normal sowing may be due to decrease in height, leaves and stem dry matter and ear head (at 90 DAS and harvest) at respective days after sowing. Sowing date 10th and 25th December recorded 1.40% and 5.0% reduction in days to flag leaf emergence as compared to sowing date 25th November. It was revealed that genotypic variations were found for days to flag leaf emergence ranging from 29.46 to 39.98 days. Chlorophyll content index of flag leaves at 90 DAS indicated that high temperature stress induced by very late sowing (26.16) and (29.14) in late sown condition caused drastic reduction of CCI in comparison to normal sown condition (35.57) in wheat. The data pertaining to Chlorophyll stability index at 90 DAS indicated, that overall 0.84 % and 1.35 % reduction caused due to high temperature stress induced by late sowing (48.19%) and (47.94%) in very late as compared to normal sowing (48.60%). It was revealed that RWC was drastically reduced by 29.33 % under very late sown condition (37.08%) and late sown condition (37.90%) reduced by 27.76 % in comparison to normal sown condition (52.47%) in wheat. Relative water content ranged in between 36.86 to 47.20 %. In very late sown wheat crop significantly decreased nitrogen content by 6.81% relative to normal sowing (0.88%). The data pertaining to membrane stability index at 90 DAS indicated, that overall, 1% and 2% reduction caused due to high temperature stress induced by late sowing (65.26%) and (64.82) in very late as compared to normal sowing (66.10%). The 9.44% reduction in sugar content caused due to high temperature stress induced by very late sowing in wheat. carotenoid content was drastically decreased to the extent of 34.14% and 23.17% due to high temperature stress induced by very late sowing (0.54 mg g-1 fw) and late sowing condition (0.63 mg g-1 fw) relative to normal sowing (0.82 mg g-1 fw). Days to 100% heading occurred 8.98 and 5.34 days earlier due to vey late sowing by one month (58.29 days) and late sowing by 15 days (61.93 days) in comparison to normal sowing (67.27 days). 100% anthesis completed by 12.22 and 8.73 days earlier due to very late sowing (60.34 days) and late sowing (63.83 days) as compared to normal sowing (72.56 days) in wheat. Days to 100% anthesis were reduced by 16.84% and 12.03% due to high temperature stress induced by very late and late sowing. High temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing caused reduction by 6.22 days (5.84%) and 11.05 (10.38%) in days to maturity as compared to normal sowing. Mean values for grain growth duration were 37.30 days, 34.53 days and 31.82 days under normal, late and very late sown conditions, respectively. High temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing caused 7.69% and 14.69% decline in grain filling duration. High temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing caused 7.22% and 14.67% reduction in number of productive tillers m-2. length of spike decreased by 7.75% and 12.57% under late and very late sown condition and genotypic differences were also found may be due to occurrence of high temperature. Grain weight spike-1 (g) was found significantly maximum under normal sown condition (2.53 g) relative to late and very late sown condition (2.32 g) and (2.19) in wheat. The reduction in grain weight spike-1 to the extent of 8.30% and 13.43% was caused due to high temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing. The high temperature stress induced by late and very late sowing caused 6.92% and 12.93% reduction in 1000 grain weight. The 7.16% and 12.75% reduction in grain yield under late and very late sown condition caused due to high temperature stress of increased temperature occurred at post anthesis stage. . The 10.8% and 22.45% increase in biological yield under normal sowing as compare to late and very late sown condition might be due to longer growth duration of wheat plants under normal sowing provided a little opportunity to accumulate more biomass as compared to late sown plants. Overall, 7.16% and 8.45% reduction were caused in harvest index due to late and very late sowing. Late and very late sowing caused 6.5% and 13.47% reduction in photo thermal efficiency compared to normal sown crop. Significantly higher GDD from sowing to maturity were recorded in 25th November sowing (Normal sowing) i.e. 23630C days compared to10th December sowing (late sowing) i.e. 2250 0C days and 25th December sowing (very late sowing) i.e. 2145 0C days.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of photoperiod on morpho-physiological traits of soybean breeding lines [Glycine max L. Merrill](Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-05-24) Ghuge, Vivekanand Ramkisan; Salunke, V.D.The present investigation entitled “Influence of photoperiod on Morpho- physiological traits of Soybean Breeding Lines [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]” was undertaken. The experiments were conducted during rainy 2018, post-rainy 2018 and summer 2019 at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (MS). The experiment consisting of 81 genotypes (75 + 5 checks + 1 parent) to screen for various morpho-physiological traits, yield and yield components viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, 100 seed weight and oil content. The performance with respect to morpho-physiological characters yield and yield attributes was poor during post-rainy season as compared to rainy and summer season. Leaf area increased progressively from vegetative to pod initiation stage and declined thereafter up to harvest. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for relative growth rate and absolute growth rate at all the growth stages. In general, relative growth rate and absolute growth rate increased with an advancement of crop growth. The genotypes which yielded high possessed significantly higher relative growth rate and absolute growth rate over other genotypes. Relative growth rate and absolute growth rate (30 DAS and 60 DAS) were found to have significant correlation with seed yield during variable seasonal conditions. Dry matter and Net assimilation rate (30 DAS & 60 DAS) were found to have significantly correlated with seed yield during variable photoperiodic conditions both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Genotypes differed significantly with respect to biological yield and harvest index under variable seasons and exhibited significant correlation with seed yield. Seed yield and yield components differed significantly between the genotypes. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity were found to have negative but highly significant correlation with seed yield under variable seasons. Number of pods per plant (60 DAS & 90 DAS) and oil content exhibited positive and significant correlation with seed yield. However, considering direct and indirect effects under variable seasons, the morpho-physiological traits viz; dry matter (g), absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate while seed yield and its components viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and oil content may be considered for improvement of soybean. Finally, it can be concluded that for selection of better genotypes under variable photoperiod, the following important characters viz; dry matter, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, biological yield may be considered since, these parameters were found to have significantly correlated with seed yield. Of the evaluated 81 genotypes (75 + 5 checks + 1 parent) it is found that genotypes viz; 49P-124/3, 51-8-64, 51-8-29, 51-PB-111/1, 51-PB-66/1, 51-PB-48/1, 51-PB-3/1, C75-50, C75-1, C75-32, C75-43, C75-8, C75-44, C75-58, 416-25-89 and 416-25-7 are superior in terms of seed yield across seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological studies on salt tolerance of wheat(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 1981-01-08) Sathe, Baburao Vishwanathrao; Salunke, M.R.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on heat stress tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum L.) by exogenous application of different chemicals(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2018) Gitte, Arju Tukaram; Salunke, V.D.A field experiments entitled “Studies on heat stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by exogenous application of different chemicals” was conducted at the Research Farm, Wheat and Maize Research Unit, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani(Maharashtra state) during rabi season of the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The study involved twenty one treatment combinations comprising of three sowing dates in main plot i:e 25th November, 15th December and 5th January and seven chemical treatments in subplot i.e. glycine betaine (600 ppm), salicylic acid (400 ppm), salicylic acid (800 ppm), ascorbic acid (10ppm) +citric acid(1.3%), α- tocopherol (150ppm), KCL 1% and control(no spray) were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Various growth parameters, phenological parameters, biochemical parameters, yield and yield attributing characters were significantly affected due to different sowing dates and chemical treatments. Chemical treatments were given at 3 days before spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days before spraying of grain filling stage, 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage and at harvest during both the years of experimentation and pooled analysis. Date of sowing 25th November(D1) recorded significantly more plant height, leaf area index, number of tillers per meter row length, chlorophyll content, seed set percentage(%) and total dry mater accumulation per plant (g), days to flag leaf emergence, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of spikes per meter row length, grain yield (g/plant), number of grains per spike, test weight, spike length, grain yield (kg/plot), grain yield (q/ha), protein content (%),carbohydrate content (mg/g) and stomatal frequency as compared to other sowing dates at 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, at 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage and at harvest during both the years of experimentation and pooled mean. The cell membrane thermostability (% heat injury) was recorded less on 25th November (D1) sowing date as compared to other sowing dates at 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage during both the years of experimentation and pooled mean. The foliar application of chemical ascorbic acid 10ppm+citric acid 1.3% (T4) was found effective in enhancing the growth parameters, phenological parameters, biochemical parameters, yield and yield attributing characters as compared to other chemical treatments at 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, at 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage and at harvest during both the years of experimentation and pooled mean. The cell membrane thermostability (%heat injury) was recorded less with foliar application of chemical ascorbic acid 10 ppm+citric acid 1.3% (T4) as compared to other chemical treatments at 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage during both the years of experimentation and pooled mean. Treatment combination of sowing date 25th November(D1)with the foliar application of chemical ascorbic acid 10 ppm+ citric acid 1.3% (T4) found effective in terms of seed set percentage(%), grain yield(g/plant),grain yield(kg/plot) and grain yield(q/ha) of wheat. Interaction effect of sowing date and chemical treatment on phenological parameters and biochemical parameters was not significant at 3 days before spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days after spraying of boot leaf stage, 3 days before spraying of grain filling stage, 3 days after spraying of grain filling stage and at harvest during both the years of experimentation and pooled mean.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes with special reference to photosynthesis and translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14C(VASANTRAO NAIK MARATHWADA KRISHI VIDYAPEETH PARBHANI, 1985-12-13) Hudge, Vaijanath Shivappa; Salunke, M.R.
