Morpho-physiological and biochemical studies for heat tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
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Date
2022-11-25
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The field experiment was conduct to study the “Morpho-physiological and biochemical studies for heat tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes.” at the farm of Wheat and maize Research Unit, Vasantrao Naik Marathwad Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. Total 16 genotypes were under study viz.., GW-513, DBW-150, HI-8823, HI-1636, HI-1605, HI-1544, HI-8823, MP 3288, AKDW-2997-16, MACS-4058, MACS-3949, DDW-47, WH-730, HI-1544, UAS-446, HI-8805. During both the season (rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22) treatment consisted of sixteen wheat genotypes. Each treatment was replicated two times. 32 treatment combinations were used. The experiments were laid out in a simple lattice design. The high temperature stress was induced by manipulation of sowing dates. Different morpho -physiological traits viz., tillers per meter row length at, relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, grain filling duration. Morpho-phyiological viz, plant height (90 DAS), total dry matter at (90 DAS), number of tillers, membrane thermo stability index (60 DAS), relative water content (60 DAS), flag leaf area (60 DAS), chlorophyll content and canopy temperature were found to correlated with grain yield . These traits may be used in breeding programme for development of thermo tolerant genotypes for late condition under changing climatic scenario.
It evident that, crop sown on 15th November normal sowing recorded significantly higher grain yield of 1.71 (Kg) as compared to the crop sown on 10th December late sowing i.e., 1.31 (Kg) Grain yield ranged from 1.32 to 2.08 Kg among the genotypes. The significant genotypic differences were found for grain yield kg ranging from 1.32 kg to 2.08 kg among the genotypes. The genotype HD-3090 recorded the significantly highest grain yield of than all the wheat genotypes. The genotype MACS-4058 recorded the significantly higher grain yield of kg than all the wheat genotypes except HD-3090 and it was followed by late duration genotype MACS-4058, HI-8805, HI-1605, AKDW-2997-16 and MP-3288.
Heat susceptibility index ranged from 0.74 to 1.23. Genotype HD-3090 showed HSI indicating highly thermo tolerance and grain yields are also better. The second high yielding genotype MACS-4058 showed HSI of again next high yielding genotype HI-1605 showed HIS. On the other hand, wheat genotypes which are moderately tolerant viz., MP-1358, HI-8823, AKDW-2997-16, MP-3288 and HI-8805 with high mean yield have commercial value but have good academic value which can be used for further exploitation in breeding programme.
Number of tillers at 45 days after sowing exhibited positively significant correlation with grain yield and canopy temperature (21 DAA). However, this trait exhibited significantly negative correlation with relative water content (60 DAS) and canopy temperature (21 DAA) leaf area per plant at (60 DAS) has shown significantly positive correlation with total dry weight (90 DAS).
The characters viz., leaf area, chlorophyll content (15 DAA), canopy temperature (15 DAA) and canopy temperature (21 DAS) showed high direct effect on grain yield per plant. This indicates that for applying the selection force on that character can ultimately improve grain yield per plant.
The genotypes HD-3090, MACS-4058 and MP-1358 were shown to be extremely thermo tolerant based on HSI and grain yield, and they have tremendous economic value. The genotype HD-3090 was shown to be acceptable for both early and late sowing circumstances.