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Subject: Agricultural Entomology ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 23
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies On Rice Leaffolder With Particular Reference Ton Varietal Resistance And Chemical Control
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Prasad, Anirudh; Premchand
    Studies were made on the biology of the insect, effect of damage by simulating various degrees of damahes, on yield attributes, screening for varietal and chemical control. Biology of the leaffolder was studied. Effect of three degrees of simulated damage were studied. Defoliation at 50 DAT appeared to adversely effect the yield attributes. Such as panicle bearing tiller, panicle length, grain weight and number of grains. Five cultivars have been identified which showed nil incidence as against 30.9% leaf damage in susceptible check TN1. Furadan 3G appeared to be the best insecticide recording the lowest percentage of leaf damage. However it was at par with coroban 10G mocap 10G and padan 4G. When percent productivity tiller is concerned all the treated but padan 4g were better than control. Highest yield was recorded under the treatment furadan 3G. The highest benefit cost ratio was obtained under the treatment trebon 10BC
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pest Complex of Brinjal As Affected By Varietal Resistance And Insecticidal Application
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Mandal, Sunil Kumar; S.P. Shaw
    Brinjal is the most popular as well as important nutritive vegetable crop of India and is found growing in all the year round. Farmers of Chotanagpur region have taken brinjal cultivation in a big way as a cash crop. But, yield performance of brinjal is affected by different insect pests. Frempong et al. (1978) reported the occurance of about 140 species of insect peste under 50 different families of 10 orders on brinjal crops. The important pests of the tract are Jassid (Amranca blautulla biautulle Zahida), Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov), Epilachna beetle (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab), Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilosong obliqua Walk) and Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guan). The present investigations entitled "Post Complex of brinjal (Solanum melongong L.) as affected by varietal resis tance and insecticidal application" were conducted in the insec tory plot of Entomology Department and the sectional field of Horticulture Department of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Bihar during monsoon-winter season, 1988-89.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Rahul Sahu; M.K. Chakravarty
    Cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (L.) is most commonly grown cole crop in Jharkhand. Cabbage, like other cole crops, is attacked by wide range of pests right from germination to harvest; among them the diamondback moth, aphid and cabbage semilooper, are responsible for appreciable losses of cabbage. The current study, "Seasonal incidence and management of major insect pests of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)," was carried out at the Vegetable Research Area of the Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during Rabi, 2021-22, to observe the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies, seasonal incidence of major pests in relation to important weather parameters, and to assess the bio-efficacy of some safer synthetic insecticides against major pests of cabbage. Based on the findings, ten species of insect pests and four species of natural enemies were observed on cabbage (Var. "Golden Acre") during the experiment period. The diversity study at different growth stages of cabbage indicated that the highest species richness of insect pests was recorded during the seedling stage, while the highest diversity and evenness were found during the heading stage. In the case of natural enemies, the seedling stage recorded the highest species richness, while diversity was highest during the pre-heading stage and evenness was highest during the heading stage.The incidence of cabbage aphid, diamondback moth and cabbage semilooper started in the first week of December (48th SMW) which gradually increased and reached its peak population in the 2nd, 7th and 6th SMW, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that the aphid population had significant negative correlation with maximum temperatures and sunshine hour, and significant positive correlation with rainfall whereas the populations of diamondback moth and cabbage semilooper had significant negative correlation with maximum temperature. The bio-efficacy of synthetic insecticides such as Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC, Difenthiuron 50%WP, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Fipronil 5%SC, Flubendiamide 39.35%SC, Pyridalyl (10% EC), and Spinosd (45% SC) against major insect pests of cabbage revealed thatDifenthiuron 50%WP and Fipronil 5%SC wererecorded the most effective insecticides in reducing the aphid populations whereas, the application of Pyridalyl (10% EC) and Spinosd (45% SC) recorded the most effective insecticides against the larval populations of diamondback moth and cabbage semilooper. The treatment Pyridalyl 10%EC also recorded the highest yield (224.71 q ha-1), highest increase in yield over control (42.15 %) and highest benefit-cost ratio (19.2:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FOOD -PLANTS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF B=DIACRISIA OBLIQUA AND ITS CONTROLS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1978) PRASAD, DEVENDRA; PREMCHAND
    Results of the effect of different food plants has opened a nar avenue for finding out the pretical utility of the toxic factor present in jorar and lantana upon which the caterpillars did not survive in the laboratory. Velvet bean, however, proved lethal in the laboratory as well as it was found free from damage by the Bihar hairy caterpillars. Regults of the chemical control suggest that the labomtory findings are not always successful to the same extent. Hence, field studies should be the basis of recommendationsof a pesticides against a particular insects. There is plenty of scope for conducting trials on the breeding and utilisation of Ganthecona bug in controlling the insects. Nuclear polyhedrosis has a potential value for the control of the insects. This may be taken up for a detailed study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Bionomics and Control of Rice Gall Midge
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1981) Choudhary, Rajeev Kumar; Premchand
    Several grasses serve as alternate host of rice gall midge(orseolia oryzee wood – mason)with a view to know that how the population of rice hall midge develops on grasses, when rice crop is also standing in the field a fortnightly survey was conducted in and around university farm between july and September 1985. The gale midge could be found on three grasses viz eleusins indica recorded the maximum infestation in 3rd week of july and this was the peak period of activity . other two grasses viz. Eleusine indica,Bothriochloa sp. And paspalum sp. Eleusine indica recorded the maximum infestation in 3rd week of july and this was the peak period of activity. Other two grasses showed the incidence only in August. Occurrence of parasite (platygaster orysae cam.) on gall midge in case of grasses could be found in the 3rd week of july. It went on increasing till first week of September. Probably this high level of parasitism resulted in nil population of gall midge in the 3rd week of September. In case of rice , incidence of orseolia oryzae (wood mason) was recorded in the middle of August.The peak period of activity could be observed in last week of September. Later, a sharp fall in incidence was noticed. Polyembryonic species of parasite (platygaster oryzae cam.)was recorded from galled tillers of rice in last week of August. Level of parasitism increased gradually and reached its peak in the 4th week of October. This high level of parasitism probably reduced the gall midge population to nil in the first week of November. In the chemical control trial of rice gall midge quinalphos 50 gave better performace followed by rice husk + quinalphos EC in case of broadcast sowing followed by bushening.In this cultural practices, quinalphos 5G showed the lowest incidence and recorded the highest yield. As far as transplanting practice is concerned,Karanj cake powder + fenvalerate EC recorded the highest yield and maximum benefit cost ratio.Phorate 10G showed the lowest incidence and recorded the 2nd highest yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on The Bionomics and control of Diamond Back Moth
    (1980) Tigga, Lucretia; Tigga, Lucretia; Prem chand; Prem chand
    Laboratory studies were made on the bionomics of Plutella xylestslla incubation Perion , larval and pupal periods and their survival exhibited marked effect of fluctuations with little variations in atmospheric temperature. Total life cycle occupied shorter period during warmer months and longer during cooler months.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF HYBRID MAIZE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. SMITH)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2021) Kumar Gupta, Rahul; Chakravarty, M.K.
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is known as the queen of cereals due to its diverse usages and highest yield potential and plays a very important prominent role in the food securing and economic wellbeing of the farming community of Jharkhand. In recent years an invasive insect pest species fall armyworm causing wide spread damage to maize crop worldwide has been reported. The present study entitled “Management of insect pests of hybrid maize with particular reference to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)” was conducted during Kharif 2019 at the Agriculture Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The experiment was planned to survey fall armyworm infestation in Ranchi and Ramgarh districts, to study of population dynamics of fall armyworm and other pests in hybrid maize and to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides against fall armyworm and stem borer on maize. Survey of Fall Armyworm in 6 villages from 2 districts of Jharkhand were studied for the incidence of fall armyworm, leaf folder, stem borer, grass hopper, cob borer and aphids. The infestation pattern seen in Ranchi district indicated that maximum incidence of fall armyworm was noticed with 64% infestation followed by leaf folder (38.33%), stem borer (26.5%), aphids (21.66%), cob borer (15.6%) and grasshopper (7.83%). Similarly, in Ramgarh district, maximum insect infestation of fall armyworm of 67.66 per cent was seen followed by stem borer (25.83%), leaf folder (19%), aphids (17.33%), cob borer (10.6%) and grasshopper (8.98%). Population dynamics study of various insects pests in hybrid maize revealed that the peak larval population of fall armyworm was observed in 37th SMW whereas the peak larval population of leaf folder was observed 33rd SMW. However, the peak population of aphids was noticed in 38th SMW, whereas, the peak larval population of stem borer was appeared in 37th SMW. The peak larval population of beneficial arthropods like ladybird beetle was appeared in 38th SMW and that of spider was appeared in 39th SMW whereas, the peak population of hover fly was appeared in 41st SMW. Comparative efficacy of various insecticides against fall armyworm and stem borer on maize indicated that after the first spray, the extent of reduction in S. frugiperda population over control was highest in Spinetoram (69.50%) treated plots followed by Emamectin benzoate (46.54%) and lowest in Metarhizium anisopliae treated plot where it registered only (26.10%) reduction in insect population as compared to control. The effect of ten insectides after second spray resulted in 40.08% to 85.95% reduction against the untreated control. Among all the insecticides used, Spinetoram has showed maximum reduction (85.95 %) followed by Emamectin benzoate (61.98 %) and the lowest per cent reduction of 40.08 % was observed in Metarhizium anisopliae treated plot. The efficacy of first spray, on the reduction of Chilo partellus population ranged from 24.09 to 87.26 % in various treatments. Spinetoram registered 87.26% reduction over control, followed by Emamectin benzoate (72.67%). The efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae was very less resulting in only 24.09% reduction in insect population. After the second spray, the per cent reduction of Chilo partellus population varied from 27.65 to 87.30% in various treatments. The maximum larval population reduction was recorded in Spinetoram (87.30%) plot, followed by Emamectin benzoate (67.12%). In confront Metarhizium anisopliae treated plot has the lowest effect on larval population with only 27.65 per cent reduction in insect population. Highest cost benefit ratio was obtained from Emamectin benzoate (1:7.80), treated plot followed by Lambda cyahalothrin (1:7.16) and the lowest cost benefit ratio was obtained in Chlorantraniliprole (1:3.09) treated plot.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF MUNG BEAN [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] GENOTYPES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS IN FIELD AND STORAGE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) KUMAR, CHAMAN; Singh, P. K.
    Mung beans are a healthful source of protein, fibers and rich in vitamins and minerals. A large number of insect pests are attacking on mung bean throughout their growth period, which acts as limiting factor in production or grain yield, insect pests play an important limiting factor, particularly thrips, whitefly, jassid and pod borer complex in field while pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is one of the major problems for increasing pulse production in India in terms of loss of seed viability and the infestation of pulse grain in storage. The weather conditions prevailing in the region play an important role in the occurrence and subsequent build-up of insect pests and their associated biotic agents. Thus, there is real need to develop area-wise the optimal methods of pest control by studying its population build up in relation to agro-eco factors and screen new varieties from time to time to identify the new promising lines suitable for specific environmental conditions for effective management of insect pests. Keeping this in view the present investigations were carried out on the topic entitled “Evaluation of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes against major insect pests in field and storage” The field experiments were conducted at Research Farm during summer 2018 and the storage experiment was carried out under the laboratory conditions at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University Kanke, Ranchi, during September to October 2018. In correlation studies the population of thrips, whitefly and jassid were significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, whereas borer complex was significantly positively correlated with minimum temperature and non-significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature. Population of thrips, whitefly and jassid non-significantly negatively correlated with maximum relative humidity but population of borer complex, showed non-significant positively correlated with maximum relative humidity. Thrips, whitefly and jassid population also showed non-significant correlation with minimum relative humidity. Whereas, borer complex showed significant positive correlation with minimum relative humidity, when the rain fall was taken in to consideration then population of thrips and whitefly showed non-significant correlation with rainfall, whereas jassid and borer complex showed positive correlation with rainfall. Among the 52 genotypes the genotypes [COGG 13-19 (3.0), PDM 139 (3.1), Pant M-2 (3.6), SML 669 (3.7), IPM 2-14 (3.7), Pusa 1831 (3.7), PM 14-13 (3.9) and COGG 13-39 (4.3)], [IPM 205-7 (1.3), IPM 410-3 (1.3), SML 1829 (1.2), Pusa 1841 (1.3), IPM 312-4 (1.3), Pant M-5 (1.6), TMB 136 (1.9), COGG 13-39 (2.1), SVM 61-61 (2.4), and KM 2355 (2.3)] and [IPM 312-4 (2.0%), COGG 13-19 (2.3%), IPM 2-14 (3.0%) and IPM 512-1 (3.3%)] were found promising against thrips/5 flowers, whitefly/cage and per cent pod damage (caused by borer complex), respectively. The study on evaluation of mung bean genotypes against pulse beetle in stored grain the lowest number of eggs were found in genotypes [SML 1829 (1.0), VGG 16-058 (1.0), IPM 2-14 (1.3), KM 2355 (1.3), SML 669 (1.3), VGG 16-036 (1.3), IPM 512-1 (1.7), MH 1320 (1.7) and Pusa Vishal (1.7)], whereas the lowest number of adult emergence was noticed in [IPM 2-14 (60), HUM 16 (61), SML 668 (70.3) and KM 2355 (71.3)]. In terms of per cent grain weight loss [HUM 16 (18.7%), IPM 2-14 (18.8%), MH 421 (19.9%), SML 668 (20.1%), COGG 13-19 (20.2%), KM 2355 (20.7%), SML 1829 (20.8%), SML 1082 (20.8%), COGG 13-39 (21.5%), MH 13-20 (21.7%), VGG 16-058 (22.1%), VMS 13-12 (22.2%), SVM 61-61 (22.2%) and SML 669 (22.4%)] genotypes were observed lowest per cent grain weight loss and the genotypes [IPM 2-14 (92%) and HUM 16 (89.7%] were showed highest per cent of seed germination.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW STEM BORER, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) INFESTING RICE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) R., Sountharya; Prasad, Dr. Rabindra
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important and vital component of our everyday diet. Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is a serious pest causing up to 10-60% of yield loss. Therefore, the current study entitled “Management of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) infesting rice” has been undertaken in order to formulate an effective pest management strategy as an integral part of ICM of rice. Field experiments were conducted during Kharif season of the year 2018 to generate information pertaining to the effective management of yellow stem borer in rice. Among the various weather factors, maximum and minimum atmospheric temperature during the cropping season were found to be having a significant positive correlation with YSB’s activity in terms of both incidence of dead heart and incidence of white ear due to the attack of the pest. Twenty seven rice genotypes were screened for their resistance against YSB among which the highest grain yield of 43 q/ha was recorded in the rice genotype Shobini, even though, it received comparatively higher level of pest attack and it was at par with CR Dhan 701 (41.50 q/ha) in terms of grain yield. So, these two rice genotypes (Shobini and CR Dhan 701) may be rated as tolerant to YSB. TN-1, the susceptible variety succumbed to the highest pest attack with the lowest grain yield of 26.3 q/ha. Findings of the bio-efficacy evaluation trial of certain newer chemical insecticides against YSB showed that the ready-mix combination product of flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 250 ml/ha recorded the lowest incidence of dead heart and white ear (2.07% DH and 2.30%WE, respectively). The highest grain yield to the tune of 45.00 q/ha was recorded in the insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha which was at par with the treatment involving the combination product of flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 250 ml/ha (43.4 q/ha). The treatment consisting of foliar sprays with flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha proved to be the most cost-effective, with the highest net profit of Rs.19,760/ha along with the highest benefit cost ratio of 5.81:1 owing to the highest suppression of the incidence of YSB throughout the cropping season. The findings of the experiment for testing the bio efficacy of alternate application of the botanical and chemical insecticides indicated that the treatment involving the chemical insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC (@50 ml/ha) proved to be the most effective treatment against both dead heart and white ear caused by yellow stem borer, since it recorded the lowest dead heart (1.99%DH) and white ear (2.08%WE) values. The highest grain yield was recorded in the foliar application of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha (43.6 q/ha) which was at par with the foliar spray involving flubendiamide 480 SC (@50 ml/ha) alternated with Nimbicidine 0.03% Aza. (42.7 q/ha) at 30DAT, 50 DAT and 85 DAT. It was also revealed that the foliar sprays with chemical insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha realised the highest net profit of Rs.16,423/ha with the highest B:C ratio of 5.67:1. In conclusion, utilizing resistant rice genotypes along with need based application of newer molecules of chemical insecticides alternated with botanical insecticides could be highly effective tool for the management of the yellow stem borer in rice, which is feasible for incorporation into the existing integrated pest management practices, resulting in appreciably higher yield of grains and increased net monetary returns.