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Open Access
EXTRACTION AND UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN FROM SHRIMP HEAD WASTE IN THE PREPARATION OF NOODLES AND WAFERS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-08) VENGALA RAYUDU, Y; DHANAPAL, K (MAJOR); SRAVANI, K; MADHAVAN, N
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN SUPPLEMENTATION ON CANNIBALISM, SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF JUVENILE STRIPED MURREL, CHANNA STRIATA
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) CHINNARI, M; CHANDRASEKHARARAO, A (MAJOR); RAVINDRAKUMARREDDY, D; MADHAVI, K
The present study “Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on cannibalism, survival and growth of juvenile striped murrel, Channa striata” was conducted in the Wet Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Muthukur, Nellore Dist. A 63 day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth, SGR, FCR, survival and cannibalism in C. striata juveniles. Two hundred and twenty five juveniles were distributed into 5 treatment groups (200 lit tank, 15fish per tank and 0.90 gm in body weight and 3.00 cm in total length). Each treatment group in triplicate setup was fed with a diet containing either 0% (T1), 0.25% (T2), 0.75% (T3), 1% (T4) L- Tryptophan supplementation in the diet. Results obtained in the weekly sampling were subjected to statistical analysis. The water quality parameters recorded were with the optimal range for fish culture. Tryptophan supplemented diets were effective in the reducing the aggressive behavior in juveniles resulted in reduction of cannibalism in treatment diets than in Control. Lowest cannibalism was recorded in the T3 (2.3±0.451) and T4 (2.3± 0.351). The highest survival rate (77.7%) was noticed in the T3 treatment and the lowest was in Control. Growth enhancement was also obtained in the tryptophan supplementations diet treatments. At the end of experiment period, the highest average body weight of 8.15gm (T3 – 0.75% TRP) and the lowest average body weight of 6.49 gm (C – 0.0% TRP) was observed among all varied tryptophan percentage supplementation treatments. The highest weight gain of 7.23 gm was observed in T3 animals and lowest 5.56 gm in Control. The lowest FCR values of 1.59 better suited for culture of juvenile C. striata was found in T3 diet among all experimental diets. In all the tryptophan supplementation treatments the highest SGR (3.45%) was observed in T3 and the lowest recorded for Control (3.07%).
Open Access
STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE VIBRIO COMMUNITIES IN POND WATER DURING WHITE SHRIMP (PENAEUS VANNAMEI) CULTIVATION AND IN THE HEPATOPANCREAS OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED SHRIMP
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) ASHOK KUMAR, B; Hari Babu, P (MAJOR); Neeraja, T; Madhavan, N
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important cultivated shrimp species worldwide. However threat of various diseases is one of the biggest risk factors for healthy and sustainable development in shrimp aquaculture. Vibriosis mainly caused by Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus is the most prevalent bacterial disease in global shrimp farming. Healthy and infected/moribund shrimp samples were collected from three ponds in Nellore region of Andhra Pradesh from January, 2019 to March 2019. Vibrio spp. were isolated from the pond water and the hepatopancreas of healthy and infected/moribund shrimp using (TCBS) thiosulfate–citrate–bile salt–sucrose agar plate, and then identified by conventional biochemical tests. The dominant Vibrio type in healthy shrimp hepatopancreas were V. alginolyticus (41.6%), followed by V. damsela (25%), V. vulnificus (16.6%), V. mimicus (8.3%), V. anguillarium (4.1%) and V. ordali (5.5%). The concentration of Vibrios load in healthy shrimp hepatopancreas was ranged from 6.5×103-9.7×103 CFU/gm. Whereas seven types of Vibrio such as V. parahaemolyticus (45.8%), followed by V. harveyi (16.6%) and V. vulnificus (12.5%), V. anguillarium (8.3%), V. ordali (8.3%), V. mimicus (8.3%) and V. damsela (4.1%) were predominant in the hepatopancreas of infected/moribund shrimp samples. Vibrio load in infected shrimp hepatopancrease was ranged from 7.8×103 -10.5×103 CFU/gm. Total of six distinct Vibrio species such as V. parahaemolyticus (41.6%), V. alginolyticus (20.8%), V. harveyi (12.5%), V. mimicus (12.5%), V. ordali (8.3%) and V. anguillarium (4.16%) were identified from water samples. The number of Vibrio was ranged from 4.8×103_ 7.5×103 CFU/ml in water samples. Severe stress and injury to shrimp under poor environmental conditions lower their resistance, rendering them susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. Influence of turbidity, heavy organic matter plays a major role in the distribution of bacterial population in pond water. The present study showed that similar pond management and environmental parameters influenced Vibrio species composition in water both qualitatively and quantitatively. However healthy and infected (moribund) shrimp showing variation in occurrence of Vibrio at the time of sampling. This indicates, the healthy shrimp shows the selectively avoiding the pathogenic vibrios. At the same time the pond water is showing decrease in species diversity at 60 DOC. Similar observation was made by HH Sung et al (2001). In India there are nearly 80,000 shrimp farmers depended on shrimp farming and majority of these are small and marginal farmers. This study is aimed at educating these small and marginal farmers on Vibrio species dynamics at pond level so that the farmers can avoid misuse of antibiotics instead they depend on better management practices.
Open Access
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON JSRV (JAAGSIEKTE SHEEP RETROVIRUS) IN SHEEP AFFECTED WITH OVINE PULMONARY ADENOCARCINOMA IN ANDHRA PRADESH
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) SAMATHA, V; RAMA DEVI, V (MAJOR); SATHEESH, K; SUBRAMANYAM, K.V.; VINOO, R
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring transmissible tumor of lungs in sheep and goats caused by an exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). A major obstacle in JSRV research is the difficulty to culture the etiological agent in vitro and absence of serological tests for diagnosis. Of late, PCR diagnostic techniques are being used to diagnose OPA at field level. There are reports of OPA from India, but molecular studies on JSRV are lacking. The present work was planned to study the gross and microscopic lesions and to carry out molecular diagnosis along with molecular characterization of JSRV by sequencing U3, gag and Env-TM genes. In addition, exons of 5, 7 and 8 of p53 gene in OPA tumors were sequenced to determine any mutations. The materials for the present study were collected from slaughter houses, private organized farms and from field mortalities. A total of 150 lung samples were collected and of these, 22 samples were found positive for OPA based on gross, histopathology and by molecular diagnosis of JSRV by U3-hnPCR. Grossly, the lung samples from OPA cases revealed diffuse areas of consolidation or tumor nodules and the cut surface had meaty appearance with moist surfaces resembling classical form of OPA. Histologically, sections from consolidated and/or nodular areas of lungs revealed multiple nonencapsulated neoplastic areas of different sizes composed of cuboidal to columnar epithelium lining the alveolar and bronchiolar walls.The neoplastic epithelium was mainly arranged in two typesviz. papillary or acinar growth patterns. In few lungs, bronchioloalveolar growth pattern was noticed. In advanced cases, thickening of alveolar septa was noticed due to connective tissue proliferation and cellular infiltration in the interstitium. Myxomatous nodules were evident in some areas. Immunostaining for JSRV-CA protein was performed on eight OPA lung samples and the positive staining was indicated by the presence of intracytoplasmic fine brown granular staining of the neoplastic cells, alveolar macrophages and desquamated tumor cells. RNA was extracted from the suspected OPA lungs and lymph node tissues and cDNA was prepared and was amplified by U3-hn PCR to detect JSRV transcripts using specific primers. A total of 22 sheep (14.7%) were found positive for OPA out of 150 animals examined. cDNA prepared from 22 OPA lung samples was used for conducting PCR to amplify gag and Env-TM genes of exJSRV. A PCR that was specific for the exons 5,7 and 8 of p53 gene in lung tumor tissues of OPA was performed and an amplified products of 332 bp,210 bp and 220 bp were detected respectively. The PCR amplicons obtained in different reactions were sequenced by Sanger dideoxychain termination method at Bioserve Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad. All the sequences were aligned and the deduced sequences were submitted to GenBank. Pair wise divergence and similarity was calculated using MEGA 7. The nucleotide sequence analysis of five JSRV sequences (samples 4-8) from the OPA affected sheep for U3 region of exJSRV showed more similarity (81-98%) with a UK strain (AF105220.1) than (69-73%) with a South African strain (M80216). The phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed that they were slightly divergent from other Gannavaram isolates available in the database. The nucleotide sequence analysis of eight JSRV sequences (samples 1-8) from the OPA affected sheep for gag region of exJSRV showed similarity (99-100%) with both enJSRV NTRCVSc_enJSRV 1 to 12) and (100%) a few exJSRV (MG192314, MG192315, MG192316 and DQ838494). The absence of Sca1 site was noticed. The present sequences were similar to exJSRV isolates reported from Delhi and China. The nucleotide sequence analysis of four exJSRVsequences (samples 4-7) from the OPA affected sheep for Env-TM region showed more similarity (94-9%) with UK strain (AF105220.1) and (92-94%) with USA strains (AF357971) than (80-82%) South African strain (M80216). The region of cytoplasmic tail obtained is incomplete in its aminoterminal, but the information revealed conservation of YX part of the YXXM motif of the exJSRV. The nucleotide sequence analysis of p53 gene at exons 5,7 and 8 in OPA tumor samples revealed no mutations that may suggest involvement of other regions of p53 or alternative genes in development of OPA. Based on the pathological and molecular studies carried out on OPA affected lung tissues of sheep, the JSRV sequences obtained were characterized as exogenous JSRV.
Open Access
STUDIES ON EFFICACY OF IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND BIOMARKERS IN DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE PROSTATIC AFFECTIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) NAGABHUSHAN, K; RAGHUNATH, M (MAJOR); SREENU, MAKKENA; RAJU, N.K.B.
The present study was conducted on 24 clinical cases of geriatric male dogs presented with symptoms related to prostatic affections to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science. The overall incidence of prostatic enlargement was observed as 78.28% cases with more incidence in smaller breeds of dogs (58.33%). Signalment and history was collected, physiological parameters and hematobiochemical parameters were evaluated, digital rectal examination, imaging procedures, USG-FNAC, urinalysis and estimation of biomarkers were done at the time of presentation and after observatory period in all dogs. Based on treatment provided all the dogs were divided into two groups as group I (n=10) provided with medical therapy, Group II (n=14) dogs, in which castration was opted as treatment of choice were included. All the haematological parameters in most of the dogs were normal. Radiological and ultrasonographic measurements revealed that prostate gland was many times enlarged at the time of presentation in dogs of both the groups. Highly elevated BUN, creatinine and ALP along with biomarkers like canine DHT and CPSE were recorded in all the dogs of both the groups. Group I dogs were treated with finasteride @ 0.5 to 1mg/kg/day for a period of 45 days. In group II dogs under general anaesthesia, open open method of castration was done under standard operating procedures. After the follow up period of 45 days all the dogs recovered from the clinical symptoms. All the radiological, ultrasonographic measurements, haematobiochemical and urinary parameters were within the normal range. Values of Prostate specific serum biomarkers also showed significant decrease in both the groups after the follow up period. Even though medical treatment with finasteride and surgical procedure of castration were effective in reducing the symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia, castration was the most effective with no signs of recurrence.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC Vs. SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR ADDRESSING OBESITY IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) MOUNIKA, A; DEVI PRASAD, V (MAJOR); SREENU, M; KISHORE, P.V.S.
The present study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the BMI and BCS were recorded for six locally available breeds and various disorders associated with overweight or obesity were noted. In the second phase, the obesity was addressed by diet restriction coupled with physical exercise (group I), medical therapy using orlistat (group II) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy under general anaesthesia (group III). Out of 2,332 dogs, 732 (31.39%) dogs were obese. Prevalence of obesity was higher in neutered, middle aged and prosperous owners. The order of breed vise susceptibility was Spitz, Labrador Retriever, Pug, Mixed breed, German Shepherd and Golden Retriever. Deposition of fat was found concentrated subcutaneously when compared to other places. Out of 732 obese dogs, 141(19.26%) orthopaedic, 171 (23.36%) cardiovascular, 175 (23.90%) respiratory, 16 (2.18%) endocrinological, 62 (8.46%) with ear, 43 (5.87%) reproductive system, 14 (1.94%) neoplastic, 17 (2.32%) spine 55 (7.52%) skin related and 38 (5.19%) miscellaneous problems. In group I, the weight loss was not satisfactory due to poor owner compliance. In group II, a weight loss of 5.88% was which was followed by reinduction of weight after withdrawal of the drug. In group III, a weight loss of 13.49% with improved BCS was observed. Except a non-significant leucocytosis in group III, no significant hematological alterations were recorded. Serum biochemical parameters like, serum creatinine, BUN, glucose, total protein cholesterol, and cortisol were found elevated in obese dogs. In group III, the glucose and cholesterol levels declined indicating the efficacy of the technique. The values of MDA, catalase and nitric oxide were higher than the reference ranges in all the three groups; while the reduced glutathione levels were lesser than the reference ranges in all the dogs. The levels of MDA, catalase and nitric oxide were found to decrease in group-II, while in group-III the decline was observed between two and six months. The GSH values in group-III were found to decline postoperatively up to two months and restored to normal levels thereafter. The reactive oxygen species were estimated to be less in group III further supporting the efficacy of the technique. Based on the results and analysis of above parameters it can be concluded that, the restricted feed intake and exercise can be suggested to those clients who have commitment for reaching the targeted weight loss. The orlistat can be recommended only as an intial adjunct either to restricted feeding and physical exercise as it cannot bring out persistent weight loss on its own. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy can be judged as the best modality in obese dogs with anticipatory results.
Open Access
DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS OF ZOONOTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN ANDHRA PRADESH
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) GNANI CHARITHA, V; CHENGALVA RAYULU, V (MAJOR); MALA KONDAIAH, P; ASWANI KUMAR, K; JAGADEESH BABU, A
The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths of zoonotic significance among canine faecal and soil samples of Andhra Pradesh (A.P) along with molecular characterization of Toxocara and Ancylostoma spp. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 83.5 percent (n=745) out of 892 canine faecal samples screened by conventional microscopy. Significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher prevalence of GI parasites was recorded in Costal Andhra (87.1%) than Rayalseema (75.2%) region of A.P. Eleven parasitic species including five nematodes, four cestodes and two protozoans were isolated from the faecal samples. The most ubiquitous parasites were Ancylostoma spp. (33.5%) and Toxocara canis (20.7%) followed by Strogyloides stercoralis (5.04%), Cystoisospora spp. (3.69%), Toxascaris leonina (3.2%), Trichuris vulpis (2.9%), Taenia spp. (2.5%), Dipylidium caninum (2.1%), Entamoeba spp. (1.23%), Diphyllobothrium latum (0.45%) and Spirometra spp. (0.34%). Concurrent mixed infection was recorded in 7.7% of dogs. Dog associated risk factors such as sex, age, breed and domestication along with effect of urbanization and seasonal influences on the prevalence of parasites were analyzed. The overall prevalence of soil transmitted parasites was 43.5 percent out of 390 soil samples screened. High contamination index of Toxocara spp. (18.5%) followed by hookworms (12.3%) was recorded. Rural soils (48.7%) were found more contaminated than urban areas (44.0%). More number of soil samples were positive for different parasitic stages collected from the garden soils (75.5%) followed by play/school grounds (65.2%), animal dwelling areas (37.3%), parks (34.0%) and veterinary dispensaries (24.0%). The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. and Isospora spp. were positively correlated (P <0.05) with rainfall while Toxocara and Toxascaris spp. were independent of temperature influence. Responses retrieved from the questionnaire survey revealed that more than half of the pet owners (63.7%) were unaware of zoonotic soil transmitted helminths. Genomic DNA (gDNA) of 151 faecal samples were screened for Toxocara spp. using PCR-RFLP targeting ITS-2 gene. Upon genotyping of PCR amplicons (n=50) with RsaI enzyme, all the canine faecal isolates were identified as T. Canis (287 bp and 244bp). Amplification of gDNA from soil samples (n=72) yielded different product sizes viz., ~540bp (ITS-2) and ~500bp (ITS-2). Genotyping of randomly selected ~540bp product (n=32) from soil isolates with RsaI enzyme confirmed T. cati (37.5%) with three fragments (286bp, 150bp and 103bp) and T. canis (62.5%) with two fragments (287bp and 244bp). Sequencing and phylogentic analysis of ITS-2 products (~540bp) revealed 100% homozygous within the species and with the other geographical isolates of T. canis and T. cati. However, the other amplified product of ~500bp (n=21) with RsaI enzyme yielded two fragments (263bp and 219bp) and the sequencing result revealed 81.8 percent identity with T. cati. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS-2 sequences of 500bp products of A.P constituted a different sub branch and diverging from T. cati, T. canis, T. malayseinsis and T. vitulorum thus categorizing as a separate group or variant. Randomly selected 169 faecal and 48 soil samples from A.P were screened for detection of Ancylostoma spp. using a two step semi-nested PCR targeting ITS-1, ITS-2 and 5.8S gene. On gel electrophoresis, 132 (78.10%) samples showed primary PCR band at ~450bp size while secondary amplicons were observed at ~410bp size. Twenty one out of 48 soil PCR products were found positive in first round PCR and as well as in semi-nested PCR. Genotyping of semi-nested PCR products with BfaI and AhdI restriction enzymes revealed A. caninum (43/50) and A. ceylanicum (7/50) from faecal and only A. caninum (21/21) from soil isolates. The phylogeny of A.P isolates of A. caninum and A. ceylanicum revealed 100% homology within the species and with the other geographical isolates. Taken together, present data suggest the potential role of pet/stary dogs as being the main sources of contamination and signifies the need of integrated approaches to minimize the risk at different settings.
Open Access
CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF ABDOMEN IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) SAIDAIAH, M; SREENU, MAKKENA (MAJOR); DEVI PRASAD, V; KISHORE, P.V.S.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normal and diseased organ perfusion by contrast enhanced ultrasound scanning (CEUS) in different abdominal organs of dogs. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography was conducted to compare the vascular and parenchymal perfusion using materials like SonoVue® and Definity® and compared with features plain, contrast radiography and ultrasonography . The present study was conducted on dogs with different abdominal disorders and signalment. A total of 210 cases of abdominal disorders were presented with different clinical signs and subjected to different diagnostic procedures. Among the diagnostic procedures, the radiography, ultrasonography and contrast radiography were considered as a diagnostic tools to study the abdominal disorders of different breeds and different organs. The cases with obscured lesion, even after using of all diagnostic aids, were randomly selected and subjected to contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography of the liver, spleen, kidney and prostate gland was performed to characterize the perfusion of normal organs. To validate the quantification method, perfusion parameters (AT, TTPi, TTPa, DT and WOTi) were investigated using CEUS. The biological effects of CEUS on different organs were estimated by measuring and analyzing hematological and serum biochemical parameters to study the toxic effects of ultrasound contrast agents, if any. No changes were noted in the serum biochemistry profile after CEUS, with the exception of a small difference serum biochemistry which had no clinical importance. Finally, the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in disease diagnosis of different organs was investigated and confirmed by histopathological studies. In conclusion, the results suggest that CEUS can be used also in veterinary patients as an additional diagnostics aid. The perfusion patterns found in the imaged organs were typical and similar to those seen earlier. Differences in the perfusion between organs corresponded with physiology in normal and disease condition. The results indicate that CEUS can be used safely to analyse organ perfusion in dogs.
Open Access
UTILITY OF BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL TRAITS AND PERFORMANCE OF GOATS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) VENKATA RESHMA, Ch.; ANITHA, A (MAJOR); JAGADEESWARA RAO, S; MURALIDHAR, M
Body condition score (BCS) has been shown to be an important practical tool in assessing the body condition of goats because BCS is the best simple indicator of available fat reserves which can be used by the animal in periods of high energy demand, stress, or suboptimal nutrition. The technique of Body Condition Score (BCS) is a means of subjectively assessing the degree of fatness or condition of the live animal. The study was carried out on well maintained local goat flocks of farmers in Prakasam district. The present experiment was designed to study the utility of BCS system for the assessment of physical traits and performance in well maintained local goats. BCS system of 1 to 5 scale developed by Carlson (2017) was used to score the does in the present study. Six check points of the doe’s body were examined by vision and palpation. The scores from these check points were recorded and an average BCS was assigned to the doe. The relationship between BCS and physical parameters was studied in 100 does by grouping them in to 2 years, 3 years and 4 years age groups. Does with BCS of 2.50 were more in number in the test flock followed by does with BCS of 3.00, 3.50, 3.25, 2.25, 2.75, 4.00, 2.00 and 3.75. The mean BCS was 2.88 ± 0.05. The mean values of the measurements of physical parameters i.e., body weight (kg), pin-shoulder length (cm), height at withers (cm), chest girth (cm), abdominal girth (cm) and thigh circumference (cm) of the does of test flock were 27.03 ± 0.15, 65.36 ± 0.17, 74.54 ± 0.18, 74.04 ± 0.27, 88.17 ± 0.30 and 36.46 ± 0.16, respectively. The variance of BCS was 0.27. The does of the age group of 3 years had higher BCS (2.96 ± 0.75) compared to the does of age group of 2 years (2.82 ± 0.77) and 4 years (2.75 ± 0.16). There is an increasing trend of pin- shoulder length and abdominal girth with respect to BCS up to BCS of 3.50 while the values decreased from BCS 3.50 to 3.75. There is an increasing trend of chest girth with respect to BCS up to BCS of 4.00. There is an increasing trend of thigh circumference with respect to BCS up to BCS of 3.75 while beyond the trend was in opposite direction. As the BCS increased the body weight of does also showed increasing values. The BCS was significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with all physical parameters. Pin - shoulder length, height at withers, chest girth, abdominal girth, thigh circumference and body weight were significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with each other. The postpartum changes studied in BCS of 60 does showed that the does were in the BCS range of 2.50 – 3.75 at kidding, there were no does in either poor (below 2.00) or obese (5.00) body condition. Does in the test flock were in the BCS range of 2.50 – 3.75 at kidding, reduced their body condition during early lactation and so the minimum BCS of 2.00 – 2.99 was recorded for majority of the does (55). The mean BCSK was 3.11 which was decreased to 2.87 at first week postpartum, further decreased to 2.42 by 12 weeks postpartum and later on increased gradually to 2.80 by 18 weeks postpartum. LBCS of the test flock ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 with a mean value of 0.70. GBCS of the test flock ranged from 0.25 to 0.50 with a mean value of 0.38. Minimum BCS of the test flock ranged from 2.00 to 3.00 with a mean value of 2.41. The highest CV (16.29) of BCS in does was observed at 8 weeks postpartum and the least (12.46) at 14 weeks postpartum. The CV of LBCS was 20.58 and the CV of GBCS was 32.81. A significant (P < 0.01) difference was observed between the does of different groups of BCSK in LBCS, GBCS and minimum BCS. The mean BCS was decreased from first week to 10 weeks postpartum for the does of BCSK 2.50 to 2.99, from first week to 11 weeks postpartum for the does of BCSK 3.00 to 3.49 and from first week to 12 weeks for the does of BCSK 3.50 to 4.00, thereafter showed an increased trend for the does of three BCSK groups. The highest loss as well as gain in BCS was achieved by the BCSK group 3.50 to 4.00 compared to the BCSK group 2.50 to 2.99 and 3.00 to 3.49. The birth weight of kids per doe ranged from 4.20 to 6.10 kg with a mean of 5.04 kg. There was a significant (P < 0.01) difference between the does of different BCSK groups in birth weight and weaning of kids. Kids of the BCSK group 3.50 to 4.00 showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher birth weight (5.77 kg) compared to the BCSK group 3.00 to 3.49 (5.00 kg) and 2.50 to 2.99 (4.36 kg). The weaning weight of kids per doe ranged from 18.4 to 25.3 kg with a mean of 21.3 kg. Kids of the BCSK group 3.50 to 4.00 showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher weaning weight (23.68 kg) compared to the BCSK group 3.00 to 3.49 (21.88 kg) and 2.50 to 2.99 (18.39 kg). The present study revealed that BCS of 3.50 – 4.00 at kidding resulted in higher birth weight as well as weaning weight of kids. Hence, the BCS system on a number system of 1 – 5 scale is economical, easily applied measure of fatness in does and also an immediate appraisal of body fat reserves

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