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ThesisItem Open Access COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ASCITES IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) SREEHARI, M; SURESH KUMAR, R.V(MAJOR); VEENA, P; JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, PABSTRACT: The present investigation entitled “Comprehensive study on ascites in dogs” was carried out to study comprehensive information on ascites in dogs. 18 dogs of either sex were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria divided into three groups of six animals each in one group. Based on clinical and ultrasonographic examination cases were allotted. Group I animals were given medical treatment group II animals received medical treatment and underwent abdominocentesis. Group III animals received medical treatment, abdominocentesis and dialysis procedures. In all the groups various clinical symptoms, changes in physiological, biochemical and haematological parameters were studied. Radiological, ultrasonographic and peritoneal fluid analysis were carried out to differentiate the possible etiological agent for appropriate therapy. Incidence was found to be more in males compared to females. Clinical symptoms like anorexia, weight loss, abdominal distension, lethargy, vomitions were recorded in all the three groups. Medical treatment was carried out using antiemetics, diuretics, antibiotics, protein supplement, hepatoprotective drugs as supportive therapy. Abdominocentesis was adopted in group II in addition to medical treatment whereas abdominocentesis and peritoneal dialysis was adopted in group III. No significant changes were noticed in physiological parameters except fluctuations in respiratory rate and depth. Girth circumference in cm ranged from 20 to 40. Sinus arrhythmias, Tall R-wave and increased R-R interval were few ECG findings recorded in the study. Peritoneal fluid collected from samples showed exudate, moderate exudate and transudate nature. Ground glass appearance was a prominent radiographic feature in all the groups however cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly were also observed. Ultrasonographic features all the groups included, hyper-echoic floating internal organs in anechoic fluid which were useful in differentiating causative agents and aided in fluid collection. Peritoneal fluid cytological smears examination of samples in the present study revealed more no of neutrophils, mesothelial cells and few erythrocytes. Biochemical and haematological values showed non-significant either increase or decrease in values at different periods of observation. Though satisfactory result was obtained in group I further recurrence was noticed. Abdominocentesis and peritoneal dialysis group II and III revealed good results without much accumulation. One animal in group II and III were reported to be dead. Based on the above study it is concluded that clinical and ultrasonographic examination are essential to differentiate conditions from ascites. Treatment based on etiological agent is better for obtaining good results.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ROPIVACAINE, ROPIVACAINE – DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND ROPIVACAINE – CLONIDINE COMBINATIONS FOR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN CATTLE(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) CHANDRA SEKHAR, K; VEENA, P(MAJOR); SURESH KUMAR, R.V; JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, PABSTRACT: Eighteen cattle of either sex presented to the clinic with different surgical conditions like urolithiasis, tumors in perineal region and tail injuries were utilized to study the effects of ropivacaine, ropivacaine – dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine – clonidine combinations for epidural analgesia. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. Group II animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and dexmedetomidine @ 5 μg/kg b.wt in the sacrococcygeal space. Group III animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and clonidine @ 2 μg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. The fastest onset of analgesia was produced by ropivacaine –dexmedetomidine combination followed by ropivacaine – clonidine. Profound analgesia was observed in animals following ropivacaine – dexmedetomidine epidural injection. Animals in group II showed rapid abolition and prolonged reappearance of all reflexes followed by group III and group I animals. Rectal temperature showed non significant decrease in all groups during post epidural analgesia. A non significant increase in respiratory rate was observed in cattle following ropivacaine and ropivacaine – clonidine epidural analgesia. Whereas, a non significant fall was noticed in respiratory rate during ropivacaine – dexmedetomidine combination. A non significant increase in heart rate was recorded after epidural administration of ropivacaine in group I animals. Group II and III animals showed a non significant decrease in heart rate throughout the period of study. ECG studies did not reveal any abnormalities except sinus arrhythmia in all animals. In group I and III, non significant increase in Hb and PCV values were observed in the present study. Non significant decrease in Hb and PCV values were recorded in animals subjected to ropivacaine – dexmedetomidine analgesia. A non significant increase in AST, ALT levels was noticed in all groups of animals. The study suggests that dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant than clonidine in producing epidural analgesia as far as cardio – respiratory and haemato – biochemical parameters are concerned. Therefore, ropivacaine – dexmedetomidine combination can be recommended for safe epidural analgesia in cattleThesisItem Open Access ETIOPATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF EXTRA OCULAR DISEASES IN RUMINANTS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) ERESHA, CHAKALI; RAMBABU, K(MAJOR); SURESH KUMAR, R.V; JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, PABSTRACT: The present investigation was carried out to study etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of extra ocular diseases in ruminants. Out of a total of 1286 surgical cases, 7.62 per cent (98) of extra ocular affections over a period of 12 months from October 2016 to September 2017 were reported in ruminants. Methodical physical, clinical and ophthalmological and other investigations were carried out to diagnose extra ocular affections. Different extra ocular affections affecting eyelids, conjunctiva, third eyelid cornea and sclera in ruminants were diagnosed by detailed ophthalmic examination by Schirmer tear test, Fluorescein dye test, Rose Bengal test and IOP methods. In the study highest incidence was recorded in cattle (38.77 %) than other ruminants. Gender wise incidence was higher in females i.e 63.27 per cent compared to males 36.73 per cent. As per anatomical location, the highest incidence of extra ocular affections was recorded in Conjunctiva i.e 43.90 per cent. The highest percentage of prevalence for eyelid (18), conjunctiva (43), third eyelid (11), cornea and scleral (26) affections were recorded in eyelid tumors (27.78 per cent), subconjunctival abscess (30.23 per cent), third eyelid tumors (27.27 percent) and corneal opacity (23.07 percent) respectively. The age group of 1 to 5 years had the highest incidence of 52.04 per cent. Highest incidence was recorded in Left eye (OS) i.e 48.98 per cent than right eye (OD). Subconjunctival abscess, Subconjunctival haematoma, Chemosis, Acute conjunctivitis, third eyelid tumours and ocular coenurus cyst were recorded and suitable medical management and surgical procedure were done. To diagnose extra ocular affections in ruminants detailed physical examination, ophthalmic examination were carried out and the cases were treated effectively by meticulous preparation of the patient, medical management and good surgical techniques or both appropriately for successful recovery.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC IMPREGNATED IMPLANTS AND BEADS FOR STABILIZATION OF LONG BONE DIAPHYSEAL COMPOUND FRACTURES IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-11) PHANEENDRA, M.S.S.V.; DHANA LAKSHMI, N(MAJOR); RAGHUNATH, M; RAJU, N.K.B.; ADILAXMAMMA, KABSTRACT: The study was undertaken in 30 dogs with compound long bone diaphyseal fractures presented to Veterinary Clinical complex, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Tirupati. The detailed history and signalment including sex, breed, age, weight, time since injury and limb involved were collected from the owner and incidence was analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups, in which 24 dogs with various compound long bone diaphyseal fractures were stabilized by Locking compression plates or intramedullary pins along with local antibiotic (gentamicin) + biodegradable bone cement (hydroxyapatite or Poly D,L lactide) (Group I) and 6 dogs with various compound long bone diaphyseal fractures were stabilized by Locking Compression Plates or intramedullary pins without local antibiotic therapy as control group (Group II). The outcome was evaluated by clinical, radiographical and biochemical analysis in both the groups. In Group I, 18 dogs out of 24 cases were stabilized by using antibiotic bone cement impregnated Locking Compression Plates and 6 dogs of humerus and femur fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pinning with local application of antibiotic bone cement beads. Post-operatively, the operated limb was supported by Robert- jones bandaging and systemic antibiotics were given in both the groups. Clinical evaluation was routinely carried out at periodical intervals for the signs of swelling, exudation, weight bearing and stability of the fixation in all the dogs. Post-operative swelling was not much in Group I compared to Group II. The degree of lameness was graded from I to V on 1st, 7th, 14th, 28th, 45th and 60th day of the surgery in all the cases and thereafter every two weeks until implant removal in case of plating. All the dogs showed grade V lameness preoperatively. In Group I, all dogs with radius-ulna and tibia compound fractures stabilized by antibiotic impregnated Locking Compression Plating (LCP) technique showed grade I lameness by 14th post-operative day except for two cases in which grade I lameness was seen by 19th and 21st post-operative day whereas all dogs in control group (Group II) stabilized with LCP showed complete weight bearing only after 45th post-operative day. In case of humerus and femur compound fractures in Group I, which were stabilized with intramedullary pinning with placement of a local antibiotic bead, full weight bearing with paw touching on the ground associated with normal gait was observed on 25th postoperative day. On 45th day, all the cases showed no lameness (grade I) whereas all dogs in control group (Group II) showed grade I lameness by 60th post-operative day. Medio-lateral and anterio-posterior radiographs of the operated bones were obtained immediately after surgery and on 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th week postoperatively and whenever needed on later dates in all the cases for assessing alignment of fragments and implant position to assess the progress of bone healing. Radiographs showed progressive healing of the fractures. In case of plating in Group I, obliteration of the fracture line with the bony callus bridging the fracture area was observed on 7th post-operative week and by 11th post-operative week in all cases of Group II. In case of Intramedullary Pinning in Group I, on 6th post-operative week remodeling of the callus with obliteration of the fracture line was observed in all the cases whereas in the same Intramedullary Pinning cases of Group II postoperative healing was observed by 9th postoperative week. Physiotherapy of the limb was advised after two weeks of surgery for 10-15 minutes thrice a day to retain normal joint movement for 6- 8 weeks. Haematological studies showed neutrophilia, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates persisted for upto 14th post-operative day and 28th post-operative day in Group I and Group II (control group) respectively. Blood biochemistry showed serum alkaline phosphatase values significantly increased from preoperative day to 14th day and there after the levels decreased reaching normal by 60thday in both the groups. CRP values in Group II were higher compared to Group I, owing to prolonged post-operative inflammation in Group II. Swab samples were taken from the wound at fracture site on the preoperative day and on 12th postoperative day, which were assessed for microbial load. The microbial load values in Group I on 12th day was in the range of 3.73±0.84×102 to 3.92±1.27×103 CFU/ml and in Group II was ranging from 4.97±0.97×106 to 3.52±0.86×107 CFU/ml. The use of poly-(D,L)-lactide bone cement was limited to three cases as it turned about to be less cost effective, which was replaced by the use of another high efficiency biodegradable hydroxyapatite bone cement. The implants were well tolerated in all the cases except in one case of intramedullary pinning in Group II, which showed slight pin migration resulting in seroma formation. In the present clinical study, the technique of improvised use of antibiotic impregnated implants and beads along with biodegradable bone cement for stabilization of long bone diaphyseal compound fractures in dogs resulted in favorable functional limb outcome and bone healing. The infection was controlled by adding gentamicin and the bone healing was facilitated by the use of biodegradable bone cements like hydroxyapatite and poly-(D,L)-lactide. Unnecessary long term systemic antibiotic usage for open and infected fractures in dogs may be avoided by using antibiotic biodegradable impregnated implants in future.ThesisItem Open Access COMPUTERIZED RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THORAX IN GERIATRIC DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) NAGA GOWTHAMI, G V; Sreenu, Makkena(MAJOR); DEVI PRASAD, V; VENKATA NAIDU, GABSTRACT: The present study computerized radiographic studies of thorax in geriatric dogs was aimed to record the possible radiological signs and classifying them. The thoracic radiographs available in the department were utilized to study the radiological features of the geriatric dogs. The thoracic radiographs with left lateral, right lateral, dorso ventral and ventro dorsal views were studied to identify the lesions. A total of 153 cases with 301 views were categorized as breed and age wise small, medium, large and giant dogs and 7-8, 9-10, 11-13 and 14 years above age groups. The lesions identified on thoracic radiographs were classified as extra thoracic, meditational, tracheal, pleural, diaphragmatic, heart and pulmonary lesions in geriatric dogs. The spondylosis of vertebra and sternum, exostosis of the rib and extra thoracic masses are lesions identified in extra thoracic lesions. Meditational masses, the narrowing or widening of the mediastinum appeared less frequently. The opacity in the cranial mediastinum was the prominent radiological sign. Tracheal calcification was the prominent lesion observed in all the breeds. Pleural effusions, pleural thickening, pleural mass and increased pleural density were the features identified in geriatric dogs. Among the lesions, pleural thickening was the prominent lesion appeared on the radiographs obtained followed by increased pleural density and pleural effusions. The cranial or caudal displacement of the cupula and loss of visualization of the diaphragm were the features observed in geriatric dogs. The details of the cardiac silhouette were observed in all the views. The right atrial enlargement in small and large breeds right ventricular enlargement in medium breeds were the prominent findings where as pericardial effusions were noted in almost all the breeds with a more percentage in medium breeds. The right ventricular enlargement was a prominent radiological feature in all the age groups. The interstitial, vascular, bronchial, alveolar, mixed, patterns, bronchial mineralization, Peribronchial thickening, cavitary lesions, lobar signs, consolidated lung, pneumothorax, generalized increased opacity of lungs were the radiological signs observed in geriatric dogs. The radiological features like bronchial mineralization, Peribronchial thickening, cavitary lesions, lobar signs, consolidated lung, pneumothorax, and generalized increased opacity of lungs were varied in percentages among the lateral views while dorsoventral or ventrodorsal views did not reveal any of the these lesions except bronchial mineralization in few radiographs. The pulmonary patterns observed in the different breeds of the geriatric dogs showed prominent bronchial patterns in all the breeds except in small breeds in which the mixed patterns are with more percentage. The vascular and the alveolar patterns are with less percentage in all the breed dogs. The VHS values were more than the normal range in all breeds with cardiomegaly. The cardio thoracic ratio (CTR) was more than 0.5 in all breeds of dogs except in medium breeds with cardiomegaly. There was a significant difference among the breeds (p≤ 0.005) in Tracheal diameter / Tracheal inlet (TD/TI) ratio in geriatric dogs with cardiomegaly while, no significant difference was noticed in Tracheal Diameter Vs width of proximal third rib (TD/Tr). Small breed dogs were more with metastatic lesions. The common type of metastatic lesion which was noticed in majority of the affected animals was circumscribed multiple nodules.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PYOMETRA WITH AND WITHOUT RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN BITCHES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-05) SRINIVASULU REDDY, M; DEVI PRASAD, V(MAJOR); HARI KRISHNA, N.V.V.; NAGAMALLESWARI, YABSTRACT: Canine pyometra is the most frequent infective disease of reproductive tract in intact bitches known to involve kidneys, leading to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, which can be fatal in bitches. The objective of the work is to elucidate the renal involvement in pyometric bitches subjected for ovariohysterectomy and to identify the suitable biomarkers that can be used to diagnose the disease early. The work was undertaken on twenty four bitches diagnosed with pyometra, which were divided in to two groups. Group I, comprising twelve animals without renal involvement and group II with renal involvement. Higher prevalence was observed in Pomeranian and Spitz breeds, in the age range of 5 to 10 years, renal involvement in animals aged above 10 years which were nulliparous. polydypsia and polyuria were seen in only bitches with renal involvement. The physiological parameters like temperature, pulse and respiration were within normal range. Anaemia and leucocytosis with neutrophilia were the common haematological findings. Total protein concentration was normal however, the albumin concentration was less in both the groups. Serum creatinine values were found elevated in group II while blood urea nitrogen values elevated in both the groups. Gamma glutamyl transferase values elevated significantly, while alkaline phosphatase values increased and were within the reference range in group II. Following ovariohysterectomy, the values restored to normal range in pyometric bitches without renal involvement while, in those with renal involvement, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values were still higher however, showed a decreasing trend at the end of 30 days. Urinalysis showed decreased Specific gravity in group II, indicating altered concentrating ability of kidneys. Marked proteinuria and increased urine protein and creatinine ratio were also observed. The common bacterial isolates recorded from culturing of uterine discharge were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, and streptococcus sp. The sensitivity of radiography in diagnosing pyometra in bitches was 100 per cent owing to the fact that all the animals were referred cases. Enormously distended uterus displaced the intestines cranially and dorsally. Ultrasonography revealed tiny sacculations to large cystic areas with hypoechoic to anechoic contents. Renal lesions could be well detected in bitches with renal involvement. In the latter cases, there were hyper echoic renal medulla and loss of cortico-medullary junction. The histopathological sections made from the uterine tissues obtained after ovariohysterectomy revealed hyperplasia of endometrial glands, extensive cystic degeneration. The intensity of inflammatory cell infiltration was directly related to the degree of distention of the uterus. The sections obtained from chronic cases of closed type of pyometra showed changes like congestion of blood vessels, severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the myometrium. The predominant cell types identified were lymphocytes and plasma cells. The sections obtained from animals with systemic inflammatory response syndrome showed predominant hyperplastic changes in the endometrial layer, which was thrown in to folds along with neutrophilic infiltration in the glandular lumen, severe congestion of the myometrium and margination of neutrophils. The sections obtained from the kidneys of bitches with pyometra showed oedema of the glomerular capsule, glomerular sclerosis, hyaline casts in the tubular lumen, congestion of the renal parenchyma and tubular epithelial degeneration. Moderate tubular degeneration with severe inflammatory cell infiltration was noticed in animals, which died one month after surgery. Surgery was undertaken after stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy, antibiotics, haematinics, and after repetition of blood counts. Ovariohysterectomy was performed with premedication of atropine sulphate, induction by ketamine and diazepam and maintenance by isoflurane. The bitches with renal involvement had transient episodes of apnoea that was managed with sighing. The animals with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were treated with liberal amounts of crystalloids though intravenous alimentation, a diuretic, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole. Two animals did not respond to the treatment, had anuria and succumbed to death. Peritoneal dialysis through abdominal drains fixed at the time of ovariohysterectomy was regularly carried out. In the present study, two animals died of SIRS which did not show any response to the treatment following ovariohysterectomy. This syndrome in the present study was characterized by severe depression, recumbency, oliguria to anuria, vomiting and severe dehydration. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were found constantly elevated.In the present study, it was concluded that, the parameters like leucocytosis, neutrophilia (>90%) with shift to left and elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, proteinuria, urine protein creatinine ratio and specific gravity of urine could be used to assess the probable renal involvement in bitches with pyometra. It can also be asserted that, higher values of these parameters would indicate the increased probability of pyometric bitches ending up with SIRS.ThesisItem Open Access MINIMALLY INVASIVE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS (MIPO) FOR RADIUS AND TIBIA FRACTURE STABILISATION USING LIMITED CONTACT DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-03) SEQUEIRA STACY DANIELLAABSTRACT : The present study was conducted on six clinical cases with diaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia presented to the Dept. of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. All the animals were subjected to thorough clinical and orthopaedic examination. Mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographs of the fractured bone and the contralateral limb taken were useful in confirmatory diagnosis, classification of fracture, selection of implants and pre-contouring of plates. The fractures were temporarily stabilised with MRJ till the day of surgery. All the fractures were stabilized with LC-DCP using self-tapping cortical screws. A craniomedial approach was used for radius fractures and medial approach was used for tibia fractures. Following fracture stabilization with LC-DCP post-operative clinical, radiographic and serum biochemical evaluation was carried out on the immediate post-operative, 15th, 30th and 60th POD s. Out of the 6 cases, Case no. 6 started weight bearing on the 2nd POD, Case no. 3 started weight bearing on the 3rd POD, Case no. 1 on the 5th POD and Case no’s. 4 and 5 by the 10th POD. The dogs showed completely normal gait by the 30th POD. Radiographic union was observed by the 30th POD in two cases and by 60th POD in the remaining four cases. Primary healing was observed in five cases whereas one healed by secondary healing. No complications were noticed in any case except malposition of plate in one case. Limb usage was evaluated on the 60th POD and graded as excellent in five cases and fair in one case. Serum values of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were in the normal range during the study period and showed nonsignificant difference between various intervals.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POSITIVE PROFILE END THREADED INTRAMEDULLARY PINNING AND CROSS PINNING TECHNIQUES FOR DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURES IN DOGS.(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-01) SUBHASHCHANDRABOSE, G; RAGHUNATH, M(MAJOR); HARIKRISHNA, N.V.V.; LAKSHMI RANI, NABSTRACT: The present study was conducted on thirteen clinical cases with distal femoral fractures to study the use of two internal fixation techniques namely Positive Profile, End Threaded, Selftapping, Intramedullary pinning and Cross pinning and to compare the postoperative fracture healing implant related complications pertaining to these techniques. History, signalment, clinical evaluation, haematological, biochemical and radiographic evaluation and clinical outcome were recorded in all the cases. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups. In Group I, the fractures were stabilized by Positive, Profile, End Threaded, Self-tapping, intramedullary pinning and in Group II, the fractures were stabilized by Cross pinning using K-wires. In Group I, the 60th postoperative day radiographs of dogs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 revealed complete fracture healing with no evidence of fracture line along with cortical and medullary continuity and signs of remodeling. In Group II, the 60th postoperative day radiographs of all the dogs revealed complete healing of fracture with cortical and medullary continuity with no evidence of fracture line. In Group I, complete weight bearing on the operated limb while walking and standing was seen by 5th postoperative day in majority of dogs. In Group II, complete weight bearing on the operated limb while walking and standing was seen by 15th postoperative day in majority of the dogs. In Group I, there was only one complication of osteomyelitis (dog 2), where as in Group II, two dogs (4 and 6) showed implant related complications like pin migration and dislodgement of pins and in dog 3, medial luxation of patella on 15th postoperative day was noticed without adverse effect on clinical outcome. Based on weight bearing patterns and radiographic evaluation of fracture healing the clinical outcome was excellent in six cases and poor in one case of group I and in group II, the clinical outcome was excellent in all cases. Cross pinning technique had more implant related complications than PPETST intramedullary pinning with no adverse effects on fracture healing.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SPARING EFFECT OF BUTORPHANOL AND KETAMINE FOR XYLAZINE / DEXMEDETOMIDINE INDUCTION ON ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA FOR ELECTIVE OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-01) VAMSY KRISHNA YADAV, D; BHARATHI, S(MAJOR); DEVI PRASAD, V; VENKATA NAIDU, GABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to compare the sparing effect of Dexmedetomidine, Butorphanol, Ketamine combination (group I) and Xylazine, Butorphanol, Ketamine combination (group II) induction on isoflurane for elective ovario hysterectomy in twelve bitches which were divided into two groups of six animals each. Both groups received Atropine sulphate @ 0.02 mg/kg b.wt. sc. 20 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. In group I all bitches were given same dose rates of induction combination of drugs i.e., Dexmedetomidine @ 5 μgm/kg b.wt, Butorphanol @ 0.1 mg/kg b.wt and Ketamine @ 1mg/kg b.wt. and in group II all animals received Xylazine @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt, Butorphanol @ 0.1 mg/kg b.wt and Ketamine @ 1mg/kg b.wt mixed in a single syringe and administered intravenously followed by maintenance with Isoflurane in oxygen. The dose rates of drugs required for quick induction of general anaesthesia in group I were found to be Dexmedetomidine @ of 6 μgm/kg b.wt, Butorphanol @ 0.1 mg/kg b.wt and Ketamine @ 4mg/kg b.wt. and in group II, it was Xylazine @ 0.6 mg/kg b.wt, Butorphanol @ 0.1 mg/kg b.wt and Ketamine @ 4mg/kg b.wt. Good quality of induction was seen in group II compared to group I. The changes in body temperature, cardiovascular, pulmonary, haemato-biochemical parameters were studied. Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC decreased from pre-medication to recovery in both the groups. The cardiovascular parameters increased up to maintenance and respiratory parameters showed reduction during induction and increased during maintenance and decreased during recovery. Serum biochemical parameters showed non-significant changes in both groups. The time for extubation and time for total recovery from anaesthesia was lower in group II. The mean vaporizer setting for maintenance and total quantity of isoflurane consumed was lower in group II compared to group I. It is concluded that Butorphanol and Ketamine combination with Xylazine had more sparing effect on Isoflurane when compared to Butorphanol and Ketamine with Dexmedetomidine on isoflurane in dogs that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy