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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF Boswellia serrata RESIN AND ITS SYNERGY WITH OTHER SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING ORGANISMS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-03) MOUNIKA, DEVETY; BHARAVI, K (MAJOR); RAVI KUMAR, P; ASWANI KUMAR, KMastitis in dairy cattle is a highly prevalent infectious disease, causing considerable economic loss worldwide which alter milk quality, reduce milk yield, and increase cost of production resulting in great economic losses to the dairy industry. The conventional antimicrobial agents have been the mainstay of mastitis therapy over the decades and these drugs have potential high cure rate, when the treatment is well‑targeted. However, use of antibiotics is associated with cost, the possibility of development of acquired drug resistance, residues in the milk. Steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing drugs is a serious problem, and therefore there is a dire need to search for new classes of antibacterial substances, especially from natural sources. Unlike synthetic drugs, the antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with side effects and have a great therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. As an alternative to antimicrobial agents, phytochemicals offer effective and economical alternatives not only to treat infection but also to counter bacterial resistance. Use of medicinal plant drugs does not carry the disadvantage of resistance and has the additional property of immunomodulation. In the present study Boswellia serrata resin extract was evaluated for the presence of various phytochemicals (qualitative), antioxidant potential by phosphomolybdenum assay, antibacterial activity by microdilution assay and antibacterial activity in ccombination with antibiotics enrofloxacin and amoxycillin, phytochemicals such as thymol, xanthone and caffeic acid and plant extracts cashew nutshell extract, Ficus extract by checkerboard and biofilm inhibition by crystal violet assay. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, triterpenes, phenols and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity assessed by microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration values of enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, Boswellia serrata resin extract, cashew nutshell extract, Ficus extract, thymol, xanthone and caffeic acid against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Combined antibacterial activity of Boswellia serrata resin extract assessed by microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, aerial roots of Ficus extract, cashew nutshell extract and thymol exhibited additive action against both E.coli and S. aureus, synergistic and additive action in combination with xanthone against E.coli and S. aureus respectively, whereas indifference and additive effect in combination with caffeic acid against E.coli and S. aureus. All bacterial isolates used are proved to be good biofilm producers after 24hr of bacterial growth. Individually, Boswellia serrata resin extract leads to a considerable biofilm reduction, but when tested in combination with antibiotics enrofloxacin, amoxicillin and xanthone are most effective in inhibition of biofilm. In conclusion Boswellia serrata resin extract was effective against gram positive organism Staphylococcus aureus with lower MIC and biofilm inhibition compared to gram negative organisms Escherichia coli because of difference in the cell wall structure. Boswellia serrata resin extract showed additive effect and indifference in combination with antibiotics and phytochemicals and has no antagonist activity. Boswellia serrata resin extract in combination with xanthone showed synergy against Escherichia coli with maximum percent of biofilm inhibition.
