EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF Boswellia serrata RESIN AND ITS SYNERGY WITH OTHER SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING ORGANISMS
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Date
2022-03
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cattle is a highly prevalent infectious disease, causing
considerable economic loss worldwide which alter milk quality, reduce milk yield, and
increase cost of production resulting in great economic losses to the dairy industry. The
conventional antimicrobial agents have been the mainstay of mastitis therapy over the
decades and these drugs have potential high cure rate, when the treatment is well‑targeted.
However, use of antibiotics is associated with cost, the possibility of development of
acquired drug resistance, residues in the milk. Steadily increasing bacterial resistance to
existing drugs is a serious problem, and therefore there is a dire need to search for new
classes of antibacterial substances, especially from natural sources. Unlike synthetic
drugs, the antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with side effects and have a
great therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. As an alternative to
antimicrobial agents, phytochemicals offer effective and economical alternatives not only
to treat infection but also to counter bacterial resistance. Use of medicinal plant drugs
does not carry the disadvantage of resistance and has the additional property of
immunomodulation.
In the present study Boswellia serrata resin extract was evaluated for the presence
of various phytochemicals (qualitative), antioxidant potential by phosphomolybdenum
assay, antibacterial activity by microdilution assay and antibacterial activity in
ccombination with antibiotics enrofloxacin and amoxycillin, phytochemicals such as
thymol, xanthone and caffeic acid and plant extracts cashew nutshell extract, Ficus
extract by checkerboard and biofilm inhibition by crystal violet assay.
The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates,
saponins, triterpenes, phenols and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity assessed by
microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration values of enrofloxacin,
amoxycillin, Boswellia serrata resin extract, cashew nutshell extract, Ficus extract,
thymol, xanthone and caffeic acid against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
were determined. Combined antibacterial activity of Boswellia serrata resin extract assessed by
microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, aerial
roots of Ficus extract, cashew nutshell extract and thymol exhibited additive action
against both E.coli and S. aureus, synergistic and additive action in combination with
xanthone against E.coli and S. aureus respectively, whereas indifference and additive
effect in combination with caffeic acid against E.coli and S. aureus.
All bacterial isolates used are proved to be good biofilm producers after 24hr of
bacterial growth. Individually, Boswellia serrata resin extract leads to a considerable biofilm reduction, but when tested in combination with antibiotics enrofloxacin,
amoxicillin and xanthone are most effective in inhibition of biofilm.
In conclusion Boswellia serrata resin extract was effective against gram positive
organism Staphylococcus aureus with lower MIC and biofilm inhibition compared to
gram negative organisms Escherichia coli because of difference in the cell wall structure.
Boswellia serrata resin extract showed additive effect and indifference in combination
with antibiotics and phytochemicals and has no antagonist activity. Boswellia serrata
resin extract in combination with xanthone showed synergy against Escherichia coli with
maximum percent of biofilm inhibition.
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