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Thesis

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2003 - 20093
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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 ×
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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND SAFETY PROFILE OF ALCOHOLIC STEM-BARK EXTRACT OF Boswellia ovalifoliolata IN RATS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2009-10) SAKUNTHALA DEVI, P.R; ADILAXMAMMA, K (Major); SRINIVASA RAO, G; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT : Experimental studies were conducted on the ameliorating effect of alcoholic stem-bark extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata in acute and chronic models of inflammation and the pharmacological actions were compared to those of diclofenac in rats. The safety of B. ovalifoliolata was also studied in a sub-acute toxicity model in rats using 3 different dose levels viz., 100, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg body weight. Carrageenan-induced inflammation was evaluated in four groups comprising of six rats in each. Group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively given carrageenan + 0.3 % CMC p.o, carrageenan + 18 diclofenac (10 mg/Kg p.o) and carrageenan + alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata (100 mg/Kg p.o). The carrageenan significantly increased hind paw edema in group 2 which was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in groups 3 and 4 (64 and 70 % respectively). The activity of ALT, AST and acid phosphatase showed significant (P<0.05) elevation following carrageenan-induced inflammation in group 2, but was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in groups 3 and 4. There was no change in total protein concentration. In Cotton pellet granuloma study, four groups comprising of six rats in each were utilized; group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were induced cotton pellet granuloma and respectively given 0.3 % CMC p.o, diclofenac (10 mg/Kg p.o) and alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata (100 mg/Kg p.o) for 10 days. The mean weight of granuloma (mg) was significantly (P<0.05) high in group 2. Groups 3 and 4 produced a significant (P<0.05) reduction (40 and 35 %, respectively) in granuloma weight. The activity of ALT, AST, acid phosphatase and GGT, and the concentration of TBARS were significantly (P<0.05) elevated, while the concentration of GSH was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group 2 as compared to groups 1, 3 and 4. The total protein concentration did not change in any of the groups. Examination of gastric mucosa revealed neither ulceration nor haemorrhages in treatment groups. Safety profile of alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata was investigated in four groups comprising of six rats in each were utilized; group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively given alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata @ 100, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg orally for 28 days. The mean activity of AST, ALT and CPK, and the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein, TBARS and GSH did not differ significantly among the groups. There were no clinical signs of abnormality nor gastric erosion and haemorrhage in any group. Weekly body weights, organ weights and haematological parameters did not vary significantly amongst the groups. Histological abnormalities of toxicological significance were not detected on microscopy in 100 mg and 500 mg/Kg b.wt treated groups. However mild histopathological alterations were observed in higher dose group. The per cent stabilization (42.11 and 40.15) exhibited by diclofenac and alcoholic extract did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata has significant anti-inflammatory actions in both acute and chronic inflammation models in rats and the activity was comparable to that of diclofenac in both the models. The safety study on alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata revealed mild histopathological changes in higher dose group on sub-acute toxicity study in rats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF Ocimum sanctum IN RATS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2009-10) SAILAJA RANI, P; ADILAXMAMMA, K (Major); MADAN MOHAN, E; ESWARA PRASAD, P
    ABSTRACT : The methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum sanctum (Family: Labiatae) were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity at the dose rate of 90 and 45 mg/kg, respectively in the carrageenan (acute) and cotton pellet-induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. Toxicity potential was also evaluated for the extracts in sub-acute toxicity model following oral administration. The methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum sanctum exhibited significant (P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect at the doses tested and also significantly reduced the activities of ALT and AST against carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, while the concentration of TBARS was significantly (P<0.05) reduced and the concentration of GSH was significantly (P<0.05) increased in granuloma model. The methanolic extract (450 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate fraction (225 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg) were further evaluated for their toxicity potential by administering them orally for 28 days in rats. At the end of the experiment, haematological, sero-biochemical, oxidant-antioxidant profile and histological studies were conducted. The administration of methanolic and ethyl acetate fraction did not affect any alterations in the parameters assessed including body weights, haematology and biochemistry, except mild histological changes in visceral organs. The animals did not exhibit untoward signs of toxicity. The results revealed that methanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum sanctum exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the tested models and the extracts are non-toxic at the doses tested.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE ACTION OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA LINN. AGAINST FURAZOLIDONE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN POULTRY
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2003-09) ANURADHA, GUGGILAM; ADILAXMAMMA, K (Major); VENKATESWARLU, U; RAVI KUMAR, P; BHASKAR, M
    ABSTRACT : Recent studies demonstrated the role of herbal drugs as hepatoprotectives by virtue of their antioxidant capacity. The present study was conducted to find out the protective and corrective effects of 60 % ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. and compare the same with that of silymarin on performance, clinical, biochemical and histopathological patterns in experimentally-induced oxidative damage by furazolidone to heart, kidney and liver in particular. One hundred and twenty, day-old Vencob broiler chicks were classified into six groups and experiment was conducted from 15th day: Group 1 served as vehicle control; Group 2, 5 and 6 received furazolidone at dose rate of 150 mg/kg body weight; Group 3 and 4, in addition to furazolidone, received oral doses of B.diffusa (200 mg/kg body weight) and silymarin (200 mg/kg body weight) respectively up to 4 weeks of age. Thereafter, Groups 3, 5 and 4, 6 received B.diffusa and silymarin respectively and Group 2 was left without any treatment till the end of the experiment (6th week). Body weight gains and feed conversion ratio of the birds were recorded at weekly intervals to evaluate the performance of the birds. Profiles of liver (ALT, AST and LDH), kidney (uric acid), lipids (total cholesterol and HDL), proteins (total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio) and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme profile (GPx and GSH-R), and hematological profile (Hb%, PCV, TEC, TLC, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were also assessed at weekly intervals. At the end of 4th and 6th weeks, the birds were sacrificed, liver was collected to assess the extent of lipid peroxidation, and liver, heart and kidney, were taken for organ-somatic indices and histopathological examination. The studied parameters altered by furazolidone were significantly modulated by B.diffusa and silymarin, and histopathological examination showed that B.diffusa and silymarin ameliorated the degenerative changes caused by furazolidone in liver, heart and kidney. Treatment with B.diffusa and silymarin also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the toxic effect of furazolidone on malondialdehyde content. It is concluded that administration of ethanolic extract of B.diffusa and silymarin could play an important role in protection, however, silymarin exhibited better corrective action compared to B.diffusa against oxidative damage and consequently liver damage caused by furazolidone-generated free radicals.