Loading...
Thesis
Browse
3 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON RENAL DISEASE IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-12) CHAITANYA, YALAVARTHI; LAKSHMI RANI, N (MAJOR); VAIKUNTA RAO, V; RAVI KUMAR, P; SREENU, MAKKENADuring the study period of two years, the occurrence of renal diseases in dogs accounted up to 3.40 per cent in. Among the affected dogs, 18.24 per cent suffered with acute kidney injury, whereas 81.76 per cent were of chronic kidney disease. Kidney diseases were more prevalent in male dogs, aged above 8 years and the occurrence was more in Pomeranian (30.82%). In the affected dogs, the clinical presentation varied from asymptomatic to typical clinical signs. Detailed haemato- biochemical examination and imaging studies performed in 128 dogs revealed that, 25 dogs were affected with AKI and 103 dogs had CKD. The dogs with CKD were further categorized into four stages based on SDMA values as stage I, II, III and IV. The SDMA values in the affected dogs ranged from 14 to 152 μg/dL. Sub staging of CKD dogs was done based on UPC and Blood pressure. Significant difference (P0.05) was noticed in mean values of PI and RI in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease stage I and II with the healthy control while the same in chronic kidney disease stage III and IV varied significantly (P0.05) was noticed in mean values of LA/Ao and M mode echocardiographic findings in dogs with acute kidney injury which varied significantly (P<0.05) in chronic kidney disease. Therapy was initiated in dogs with kidney diseases by using herbal antioxidant, diuretic, phosphate binders, antibiotics, diuretic, ACE inhibitors, nutritional therapy, haematinics, fluid therapy along with specific treatment and were monitored for a period of 3 months. The survival percentage of dogs with acute kidney injury (Group I) was 84.00% per cent (21/25). The survival percentage was 100.00 per cent in Group IIa (17/17) and IIb (15/15) i.e., chronic kidney disease stage I and stage II, where as it was 80.00 per cent (20/25) in CKD stage III (Group IIc) and 56.00 per cent (26/46) in chronic kidney disease stage IV (Group IId). Significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded in the SDMA/creatinine ratio(9.20±0.18 in survivors vs 12.07 ± 0.42 in non survivors, BUN ( 82.53±1.84 mg/dL vs 148.62±12.82mg/dL), product of calcium and phosphorus(58.22±2.02 vs 89.32±1.92), sodium to potassium ratio (39.42±1.02 vs 48.93±1.32) , UPC (1.92±0.22 vs 3.86±0.52 ) and resistive index (0.62±0.56 vs 0.74±0.24) between survivors and non survivorsThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL VALVE DISEASE IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) RAJESH, KODURU; VAIKUNTA RAO, V (MAJOR); LAKSHMI RANI, N; RAVI KUMAR, P; SREENU, MThe aim of the present study was to record the clinical signs hematobiochemical, electrocardiographic and thoracic radiographic changes in dogs with MVD, to quantify the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in MVD dogs with echocardiography, evaluate the occult phase of MVD in dogs with Doppler echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers, identify survival and prognostic findings in dogs with MVD and treat the MVD in dogs with suitable therapeutic regimen. The prevalence of AHDs in the present study was found to be 0.47 per cent. The higher prevalence of MVD in Spitz (6/19) followed by Labrador, German shepherd, non descriptive breeds. The highest incidence was found in dogs in age group of 8- 10years, followed by 6 to 8 years. The present study found that predominance of MVD was across males than females. In dogs with MVD prominent clinical signs include persistent cough, exercise intolerance and tachypnoea. The physical examination revealed the presence of mur mur and wheezes. The hematology which include erythrogram and leukogram were found to be normal compared with healthy control group. The major biochemical alteration found during the present study was higher levels of sodium in the serum. Apart from this remaining major biochemical parameters were all within normal when compared to healthy control. Radiography showed cardiomegaly which was evident with increased VHS score compared with normal healthy control. The electrocardiography revealed morphological changes viz., tall QRS complex, atrial enlargement, ST coving, ST elevation, altered rhythm, and sinus tachycardia. The two dimensional echocardiography showed increase in diameter of LA, and marked alteration on LA/ Ao ratio which was found to be significantly increased when compared to healthy control. The mean dimensions of left ventricle were found to be increased when compared to healthy control. Whereas FS and EF were found to be significantly increased in dogs with MVD during occult phase and got significantly reduced in dogs with MVD with signs of CHF. The transmitral flow patterns in pulse wave doppler studies revealed the reduction in E velocity with an increase in A velocity. The dogs with MVD in occult phase showed pseudonormaliztion. The above indices showed diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. Whereas in dogs with MVD with signs of CHF showed A velocity more than E velocity. The tissue doppler imaging showed Sm values more or less same in dogs with MVD in occult phase compared to healthy control. The Em and Am values significantly varied among dogs with MVD in occult phase and doges with MVD with signs of CHF showing various stages which include diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction and CHF onset. The serum biomarker NT Pro BNP values were significantly elevated showing an increase in size heart compared with healthy control group. The present study found that in MVD, the radiography (VHS scores), conventional echocardiography indices viz., LA/Ao ratio, E/A, E/Em, Em/Am, levels of NT Pro BNP were found to have diagnostic and prognostic values of high importance. The present study found that the treatment involving, pimobendan, enalapril, furosemide and neutrceuticals benefit dogs with MVD especially with signs of CHF, there by improving the quality of lifeThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-02) BHARGAVI, MATLI; VAIKUNTA RAO, V (MAJOR); LAKSHMI RANI, N; SRINIVASA RAO, G; SUBRAMANYAM, K.V.The aim of the present study was to identify the survival and prognostic findings in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, to quantify the cardiac dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy with M- mode and doppler echocardiographic examination and to study the efficacy of therapy adopted in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Among 262 dogs presented with clinical signs of cardiac disease, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was diagnosed in 26dogs.The present study revealed high occurrence of DCM in Labrador Retriever (76.92 per cent) followed by German Shepherd (11.54 per cent), Cocker Spaniel (3.85 per cent), Doberman Pinscher (3.85 per cent) and Rottweiler (3.85 per cent). Dogs in the age group of 4-8 years (61.54 per cent) had high occurrence of DCM followed by above 8 years (34.61 per cent) and below 4 years (3.85 per cent). Occurrence was more common in males (76.92 per cent) than females (23.08 per cent). The prominent clinical signs noticed in dogs with DCM were exercise intolerance, inappetence, lethargy, cough, weight loss, abdominal distension, laboured breathing, pedal edema and syncope. The physical examination findings in dogs with DCM included tachycardia, dyspnoea, ascites, pale mucous membranes, systolic murmur, crackles and gallop rhythm. Haematological studies in DCM dogs revealed decreased haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count, while leukogram showed significant neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum biochemical profile showed elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), decreased levels of serum potassium and normal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine and serum sodium in dogs with DCM. Qualitative estimation of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) was found to be negative in all the dogs with DCM. NT-proBNP levels showed significant elevation in dogs with DCM. The prominent electrocardiographic findings noticed in dogs with DCM were low voltage QRS complexes, tall R wave, atrial premature complexes, ventricular premature complexes, sinus tachycardia, prolonged QRS complexes, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and second degree atrioventricular block. The vertebral heart score and cardiothoracic ratio were significantly increased in dogs with DCM. The predominant thoracic radiographic findings in DCM dogs were cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, left atrial enlargement, pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. Two dimensional echocardiography in dogs with DCM showed significant elevation of left atrium dimensions and LA/Ao; whereas aorta dimensions were significantly decreased. M-mode echocardiography revealed significant increase in LVIDd, LVIDs, EDV, ESV and EPSS in dogs with DCM, when compared with apparently healthy dogs. There was significant reduction in the values of LVPWd, LVPWs, IVSd and IVSs in DCM dogs, highly significant decrease in left ventricular contractility indices (FS and EF) were observed in dogs with DCM, when compared to apparently healthy dogs. Pulsed wave Doppler and continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic findings revealed mitral valve regurgitation in ten dogs with DCM. Color flow Doppler echocardiography depicted turbulent blood flow indicating mitral valve regurgitation in ten dogs with DCM. Tissue Doppler imaging in DCM dogs showed decreased systolic velocity, early diastolic velocity, late diastolic velocity and significant increase of Em:Am with normal isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time. The unfavourable prognostic indicators identified in dogs with DCM were: signalment of dogs aged above 8 years; clinical signs of weight loss, open mouth breathing, orthopnoea, syncope; tachycardia and ascites on physical examination; high serum creatinine on serum biochemical profile; atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia on electrocardiogram; pulmonary edema and pleural effusion on thoracic radiography; fractional shortening below 10 percent and ejection fraction below 25 percent on M-mode echocardiography and restrictive transmitral flow pattern on pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography. Dogs with DCM were randomly allotted to two different treatment groups (Group-I and Group-II) and kept under treatment for a period of ninty (90) days. Group- I dogs were treated with pimobendan, enalapril, furosemide and cardiostrength. Group- II dogs were treated with pimobendan, hawthorn extract, enalapril, furosemide and cardiostrength. A noticeable improvement in clinical signs, electrocardiographic findings, thoracic radiographic findings, left ventricular dimensions and left ventricular contractility indices was observed in the two treatment groups after ninty days of treatment when compared to the pre-treatment values. There was no significant difference noticed in the left ventricular dimensions and the left ventricular contractility indices in between the treatment groups. However, the combination of hawthorn with the conventional treatment reduced the dose rate of the conventional drugs to half of their original dose and prolonged survival time was recorded when compared to the dogs treated with conventional therapy alone.
