STUDY ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL VALVE DISEASE IN DOGS
Loading...
Files
Date
2021-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to record the clinical signs
hematobiochemical, electrocardiographic and thoracic radiographic changes in dogs
with MVD, to quantify the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in MVD dogs with
echocardiography, evaluate the occult phase of MVD in dogs with Doppler
echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers, identify survival and prognostic findings in
dogs with MVD and treat the MVD in dogs with suitable therapeutic regimen. The
prevalence of AHDs in the present study was found to be 0.47 per cent. The higher
prevalence of MVD in Spitz (6/19) followed by Labrador, German shepherd, non
descriptive breeds. The highest incidence was found in dogs in age group of 8-
10years, followed by 6 to 8 years. The present study found that predominance of
MVD was across males than females. In dogs with MVD prominent clinical signs
include persistent cough, exercise intolerance and tachypnoea. The physical
examination revealed the presence of mur mur and wheezes. The hematology which
include erythrogram and leukogram were found to be normal compared with healthy
control group. The major biochemical alteration found during the present study was
higher levels of sodium in the serum. Apart from this remaining major biochemical
parameters were all within normal when compared to healthy control. Radiography
showed cardiomegaly which was evident with increased VHS score compared with
normal healthy control. The electrocardiography revealed morphological changes viz.,
tall QRS complex, atrial enlargement, ST coving, ST elevation, altered rhythm, and
sinus tachycardia. The two dimensional echocardiography showed increase in diameter
of LA, and marked alteration on LA/ Ao ratio which was found to be significantly
increased when compared to healthy control. The mean dimensions of left ventricle
were found to be increased when compared to healthy control. Whereas FS and EF
were found to be significantly increased in dogs with MVD during occult phase and got
significantly reduced in dogs with MVD with signs of CHF. The transmitral flow
patterns in pulse wave doppler studies revealed the reduction in E velocity with an
increase in A velocity. The dogs with MVD in occult phase showed
pseudonormaliztion. The above indices showed diastolic dysfunction with preserved
ejection fraction. Whereas in dogs with MVD with signs of CHF showed A velocity
more than E velocity. The tissue doppler imaging showed Sm values more or less same
in dogs with MVD in occult phase compared to healthy control. The Em and Am values
significantly varied among dogs with MVD in occult phase and doges with MVD with
signs of CHF showing various stages which include diastolic dysfunction, systolic
dysfunction and CHF onset. The serum biomarker NT Pro BNP values were
significantly elevated showing an increase in size heart compared with healthy control
group. The present study found that in MVD, the radiography (VHS scores),
conventional echocardiography indices viz., LA/Ao ratio, E/A, E/Em, Em/Am, levels of
NT Pro BNP were found to have diagnostic and prognostic values of high importance.
The present study found that the treatment involving, pimobendan, enalapril,
furosemide and neutrceuticals benefit dogs with MVD especially with signs of CHF,
there by improving the quality of life
Description
THESES