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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2016-04) RUPAKALA, S; LAKSHMI RANI, N(MAJOR); VAIKUNTA RAO, V; SUBRAMANYAM, K VABSTRACT: On screening of 629 quarters of 158 Graded Murrah buffaloes during the period from November 2014 to October 2015, the quarter-wise and animal-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.30 and 40.51 per cent, respectively. The involvement of all the four quarters was more in the buffaloes. The hind quarters were most frequently affected than fore quarters with more prevalence in right hind quarters. There was significant difference (P<0.01) in the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in relation to quarter disposition. The animal-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis varied significantly (P<0.05) with the lactation number with higher incidence during second lactation. Significant difference (P<0.01) was recorded in the prevalence between different stages of lactation which revealed high prevalence (55.36%) in early lactation followed by mid (44.83%) and late (15.91%) stages of lactation. High prevalence was recorded in buffaloes yielding more than 10 liters/day (58.33%) followed by >5 to 10 liters/day (39.58%) and 2 to 5 liters/day (31.58%). The prevalence based on California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, electrical resistance and milk pH was 20.34, 21.62, 6.20 and 8.27 per cent, respectively. Bacterial culture was considered to be a gold standard and revealed the prevalence as 28.30 per cent with milk samples of 178 quarters positive for bacterial growth. The CMT reaction was recorded in 67.98 per cent of the culturally positive samples of which 21.35 per cent showed trace reaction while 24.16 (43/178), 17.98 (32/178) and 4.49 per cent (8/178) showed +, ++ and +++ reaction, respectively. The mean ± SE of somatic cell count of milk in healthy control was 98726.56 ± 9508.81 cells/ml and 793707.30 ± 107009.48 cells/ml in quarters positive for subclinical mastitis. Significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded in the mean somatic cell count of healthy and affected milk samples. The mean ± SE of electrical resistance in healthy and subclinical mastitis milk samples was 553.44 ± 18.80 and 477.81 ± 11.26, respectively. Significantly higher pH (P<0.05) was recorded subclinical mastitis positive milk samples (6.89 ± 0.34) while the same in healthy quarters was 6.67 ± 0.02. The bacteriological examination revealed isolation of Staphylococcus spp. (26.40%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (18.54%), Streptococcus spp. (15.17%), Micrococcus spp. (13.48%), Bacillus spp. (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (11.24%), E. coli (7.30%), Psuedomonas spp. (2.25%) and Salmonella spp. (1.12%) in their order of occurrence. The per cent accuracy of California Mastitis Test, Somatic cell count, electrical resistance and pH were 89.83, 92.69, 77.27 and 79.65, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity test performed on 30 whole milk samples revealed that 90.00 per cent were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Amoxycillin/Clavulanic acid and Chloramphenicol, 86.67 per cent were sensitive to Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, and majority of the isolates (80.00%) were resistant to Penicillin. The bacteriological cure observed on 3rd day was 50.00 per cent vs 60.00 per cent in Group I and II, 61.11 per cent vs 66.67 per cent on 5th day and 66.67 per cent vs 73.33 per cent by 7th day. The overall quarter-wise cure rates were 66.67 per cent and 73.33 per cent, respectively while the animal-wise cure rate was 66.67 per cent in both the groups. The conclusions from the present study were that, subclinical mastitis was a hidden problem in buffaloes and therapy with Moxifloxacin was on par with the efficacy of antibiotics as suggested in the literature, but the use of MnM powder along with Moxifloxacin was found to be superior than antibiotic alone by enhancing udder’s natural defence mechanism, early restoration of milk yield and quick recovery.