STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES
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Date
2016-04
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
On screening of 629 quarters of 158 Graded Murrah buffaloes during the
period from November 2014 to October 2015, the quarter-wise and animal-wise
prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.30 and 40.51 per cent, respectively. The
involvement of all the four quarters was more in the buffaloes. The hind quarters
were most frequently affected than fore quarters with more prevalence in right
hind quarters. There was significant difference (P<0.01) in the prevalence of
subclinical mastitis in relation to quarter disposition. The animal-wise prevalence
of subclinical mastitis varied significantly (P<0.05) with the lactation number
with higher incidence during second lactation. Significant difference (P<0.01)
was recorded in the prevalence between different stages of lactation which
revealed high prevalence (55.36%) in early lactation followed by mid (44.83%)
and late (15.91%) stages of lactation. High prevalence was recorded in buffaloes
yielding more than 10 liters/day (58.33%) followed by >5 to 10 liters/day
(39.58%) and 2 to 5 liters/day (31.58%). The prevalence based on California
Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, electrical resistance and milk pH was 20.34,
21.62, 6.20 and 8.27 per cent, respectively. Bacterial culture was considered to be
a gold standard and revealed the prevalence as 28.30 per cent with milk samples
of 178 quarters positive for bacterial growth. The CMT reaction was recorded in 67.98 per cent of the culturally
positive samples of which 21.35 per cent showed trace reaction while 24.16
(43/178), 17.98 (32/178) and 4.49 per cent (8/178) showed +, ++ and +++
reaction, respectively. The mean ± SE of somatic cell count of milk in healthy
control was 98726.56 ± 9508.81 cells/ml and 793707.30 ± 107009.48 cells/ml in
quarters positive for subclinical mastitis. Significant difference (P<0.05) was
recorded in the mean somatic cell count of healthy and affected milk samples.
The mean ± SE of electrical resistance in healthy and subclinical mastitis milk
samples was 553.44 ± 18.80 and 477.81 ± 11.26, respectively. Significantly
higher pH (P<0.05) was recorded subclinical mastitis positive milk samples (6.89
± 0.34) while the same in healthy quarters was 6.67 ± 0.02. The bacteriological
examination revealed isolation of Staphylococcus spp. (26.40%), followed by
Enterococcus spp. (18.54%), Streptococcus spp. (15.17%), Micrococcus spp.
(13.48%), Bacillus spp. (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (11.24%), E. coli (7.30%),
Psuedomonas spp. (2.25%) and Salmonella spp. (1.12%) in their order of
occurrence. The per cent accuracy of California Mastitis Test, Somatic cell count,
electrical resistance and pH were 89.83, 92.69, 77.27 and 79.65, respectively.
The antibiotic sensitivity test performed on 30 whole milk samples revealed that
90.00 per cent were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Amoxycillin/Clavulanic acid and
Chloramphenicol, 86.67 per cent were sensitive to Enrofloxacin and
Ciprofloxacin, and majority of the isolates (80.00%) were resistant to Penicillin.
The bacteriological cure observed on 3rd day was 50.00 per cent vs 60.00
per cent in Group I and II, 61.11 per cent vs 66.67 per cent on 5th day and 66.67
per cent vs 73.33 per cent by 7th day. The overall quarter-wise cure rates were
66.67 per cent and 73.33 per cent, respectively while the animal-wise cure rate
was 66.67 per cent in both the groups. The conclusions from the present study were that, subclinical mastitis
was a hidden problem in buffaloes and therapy with Moxifloxacin was on par
with the efficacy of antibiotics as suggested in the literature, but the use of MnM
powder along with Moxifloxacin was found to be superior than antibiotic alone
by enhancing udder’s natural defence mechanism, early restoration of milk yield
and quick recovery.
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