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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION AT DIFFERENT SALINITIES ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE 1931)(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502, ANDHRA PRADESH (INDIA), 2020-10) PAMANNA, DASARI; RAVINDRA KUMAR REDDY, D (MAJOR); CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, A; SUDHAKAR, O; MADHAVI, KThe present study on “Effect of dietary mineral supplementation at different salinities on growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).” was conducted in the Wet Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Muthukur for a period of 125 days (including acclimatization period of 34 days) and experiment 2 for a period of 28 days. In experiment 1, the Litopenaeus vannamei were fed with 4 different diets containing the various levels of Ca, Mg, K and Na in Diet 1(0.1% Ca, 0.01% Mg, 0.5% K and 0.5% Na), Diet 2 (0.2% Ca, 0.02% Mg, 1% K and 1% Na), Diet 3 (0.3% Ca, 0.03% Mg, 1.5% K and 1.5% Na) and Diet 4 (0.4% Ca, 0.04% Mg, 2% K and 2% Na) and control diet is without addition of extra minerals. The control and experimental diets with 35% protein using the ingredients such as fish meal, soya meal, deoiled ricebran and groundnut oil cake as major ingredients. Feeding was given at the rate 8% to 3% of shrimp body weight. The experiment was conducted in plastic tubs and maintained triplicates at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppt salinity water. After completion of experiment, the highest average body weight gain of 18.27±0.01 g, the highest specific growth rate (SGR) 2.52±0.01, highest protein efficiency ratio (PER) 2.18±0.02 and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.31±0.010 were recorded in the treatment Diet 2 (Ca 0.2%, Mg 0.02%, K 1% and Na 1%) and the lowest average body weight gain of 16.55±0.01 g was recorded in control (C) at 15 ppt salinity. The overall highest survival of 90% was found in Diet 2 (Ca 0.2%, Mg 0.02%, K 1% and Na 1%) and Diet 3 (Ca 0.3%, Mg 0.03%, K 1.5% and Na 1.5%) was recorded. There was a significant difference in weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER in L. vannamei fed with various levels of minerals incorporated diets compared to control diet fed group. In all the treatments Diet 2 (Ca 0.2%, Mg 0.02%, K 1% and Na 1%) showed better performance in terms of growth. The survival rate was better in the Diet 2 (Ca 0.2%, Mg 0.02%, K 1% and Na 1%) and Diet 3 (Ca 0.3%, Mg 0.03%, K 1.5% and Na 1.5%)for Litopenaeus vannamei. In experiment 2, Studies on essential mineral among Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium individually supplemented through diet at 15 ppt salinity. The Litopenaeus vannamei fed with diets containing Ca 0.2% (DCa), Mg 0.02% (DMg), K 1% (DK) and Na 1% (DNa) individually and control diet without addition of extra minerals. The control and experimental diets with 35% protein using the ingredients such as fish meal, soya meal, deoiled ricebran and groundnut oil cake as major ingredients. Feeding was given at the rate 2% of shrimp body weight. The plastic tubs were maintained in triplicate. Important water quality parameters were recorded daily (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Total ammonia and Nitrite), Growth and Survival were recorded at weekly intervals. After completion of experiment, the highest average body weight gain of 5.30±0.04 g, the highest specific growth rate (SGR) 3.06±0.01 and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.28±0.01 was recorded in the treatment supplemented with 1% K in diet (DK). The overall highest survival of 100% was recorded in diet 0.02% Mg (DMg). Therefore, these findings clearly indicate that inclusion of minerals in shrimp feed will have positive benefits in increasing growth and survival in Litopenaeus vannamei.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SELECTED HERBS ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA) AND SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ON GROWTH AND METABOLIC RESPONSES OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931)(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2020-10) SRINIVASA RAO, APPANA; RAVINDRA KUMAR REDDY, D (MAJOR); CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, A; DHANAPAL, K; SUGUNA, TThe present study on “Effect of selected herbs Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) as dietary supplements on growth and metabolic responses of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).” was conducted in the Wet Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Muthukur for a period of 127 days (including acclimatization period of 36 days). The experimental shrimps, Litopenaeus vannamei were fed on the diets containing Ashwagandha and Shatavari at 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% individually and in combination. The control diet is without Ashwagandha or Shatavari. The control and experimental diets were prepared to have almost similar crude protein level of 35% using the ingredients such as fish meal, shrimp meal, soya meal, deoiled rice bran, ground nut oil cake as major ingredients. The control and experimental tanks were maintained to have 15 ppt salinity water. Total experiment contained 9 treatments and one control maintained in triplicate. Important water quality parameters (Dissolved oxygen, Temperature, pH, Total ammonia and Nitrite), Growth and Survival were recorded at weekly intervals. The immunological parameters such as pro phenoloxidase, lysozyme and total serum/plasma protein were anlaysed at 60 days and 91 days of the experimental period. The digestive enzymes protease, amylase and lipase activity was analyzed at the end of the experimental period. The highest average body weight gain of 18.82 gm ±1.574 was recorded in the treatment AS1 that contained combination of Ashwagandha 0.05% + Shatavari 0.05% in diet and the lowest average body weight gain of 13.64 gm ±0.895 in control (C). The overall highest survival of 100% in AS1 and A1 and lowest survival of 73.33% in control (C) was recorded. There is significant difference in weight gain, Specific Growth Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio and Protein Effeciency Ratio for L. vannamei fed with various levels of Ashwagandha and Shatavari incorporated diets compared to control diet fed group. The immunological parameters 2 such as pro-phenoloxidase, Lysozyme & total serum/plasma protein and the digestive enzymes protease, amylase and lipase showed significant increase in all the treatment groups containing Ashwagandha and Shataavari in diet compared to the group fed with control diet. The Treatment AS1 that contained both Ashwagandha and Shataviari extracts each @ 0.05% was found significantly superior among all the treatments. Both Ashwagandha and Shatavari extracts showed better performance in terms of growth, digestive enzymes and immunological responses individually as well as in combination at rate of 0.05% inclusion level in the diet for Litopenaeus vannamei. Therefore these findings clearly indicates that inclusion of Ashwagandha and Shatavari extracts in shrimp feed will have positive benefits in increasing growth as well as immunity and approximately 27% extra profit to the marginal and small scale farmer in Litopenaeus vannamei.
