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20101
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × Author: SRINIVAS, MANDA × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EVALUATION OF BREEDING SOUNDNESS AND AUGMENTING THE FERTILITY OF LOW GRADE EJACULATES IN ONGOLE BULLS (Bos indicus)
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2010-05) SRINIVAS, MANDA; SUBRAHMANYAM NAIDU, K (Major); BABU RAO, K; SREENU, MAKKENA; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT: The present investigation “Studies on Evaluation of Breeding Soundness and Augmenting the Fertility of Low Grade Ejaculates in Ongole Bulls (Bos indicus)” was undertaken to study the biometry of testes, accessory sex glands and evaluate fresh, post dilution and post thaw semen of various grades and compare their fertility rates. In the present study, the overall mean body condition score and scrotal circumference were 6.63 ± 0.18 and 34.63 ± 0.21 cm. All the testicular measurements by vernier showed significant positive correlations with ultrasonographic measurements of the testes, accessory sex glands, ejaculate volume and live sperm percent (P<0.05). Seminal vesicle dimensions revealed significant positive correlation with ejaculate volume (P<0.01) and live sperm percent (P<0.05). Ampulla showed a significant positive correlation with dimensions of prostrate body. A significant difference (P<0.01) was noticed in the mean mass activity between normal ejaculates (2.74 ± 0.05) and low grade ejaculates (1.40 ± 0.55). The sperm concentration had a highly significant positive correlation with total sperm per ejaculate (P<0.01). The live sperm percent in fresh normal and low grade ejaculates was 80.20 ± 0.59 and 53.90 ± 0.38, respectively The overall mean abnormal sperm count was 14.73 ± 2.19 and 29.58 ± 0.43 percent in fresh semen of normal and low grade quality. The abnormal sperm count (%) showed significant negative correlation and significant positive correlation with HPAP sperm percent and HNAN sperm percent respectively (P<0.05). The overall means of HOS-G sperm was 56.50 ± 0.50 and 30.35 ± 0.66 percent for HPAP, 17.30 ± 0.54 and 19.48 ± 0.66 percent for HPAN in fresh semen of normal and low grade ejaculates, respectively. The overall mean sperm penetration distance was 19.75 ± 0.19 and 14.40 ± 0.19 mm/20 min in normal and low grade ejaculates. Sperm penetration distance of normal fresh semen had a significant positive correlation with fertility (P<0.05), while it had a non significant negative correlation in low grade ejaculates. The overall mean post dilution sperm motility was 68.11 ± 0.89, 48.26 ± 0.34 and 67.66 ± 0.50 percent in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen respectively . Post dilution sperm concentration of low grade unfiltered and filtered semen had a significant negative correlation with post diluted HPAN sperm percent (P<0.05). Live sperm percent of diluted low grade unfiltered and filtered semen had a significant negative correlation with post diluted HPAN sperm percent (P<0.05) while, the post diluted abnormal sperm percent had a significant negative correlation with post diluted sperm penetration distance (P<0.05). Post dilution abnormal sperm in normal semen had a significant negative correlation with fertility (P<0.05). Post dilution HPAP sperm percent of low grade filtered semen had a significant positive correlation with post dilution sperm penetration distance (P<0.05). Post thaw sperm motility of low grade filtered semen had a significant positive correlation with live sperm percent by fluorogenic assessment, high mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm nuclear morphology (P<0.05). Post thaw live sperm percent of low grade filtered semen had a significant negative correlation with post thaw abnormal sperm percent (P<0.05) and a highly significant positive correlation with high mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01). The overall mean post thaw abnormal sperm count in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen were 22.10 ± 0.36, 35.56 ± 0.50 and 18.10 ± 0.34 percent respectively. Post thaw HPAP sperm percent of normal semen had a significant negative correlation with post thaw HNAN sperm percent and percent linearity assessed by Sperm Class Analyzer (P<0.05). Post thaw HPAP sperm percent of low grade filtered semen had a highly significant negative correlation with post thaw HNAN sperm percent (P<0.01) and a significant negative correlation with percent linearity (P<0.05). Post thaw sperm penetration distance of low grade filtered semen had a significant positive correlation with high mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05). The overall mean post thaw progressive motility percent estimated by Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA) was 33.35 ± 0.70, 17.99 ± 0.56 and 28.79 ± 0.72 in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen respectively. The overall mean post thaw curvilinear velocity (Fm/sec) was 98.54 ± 1.60, 88.43 ± 1.70 and 90.79 ± 1.67 in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen respectively. The post thaw linearity percent of normal and low grade filtered semen had a non significant negative correlation with fertility; while low grade unfiltered semen had a non significant positive correlation with fertility. The overall mean post thaw straightness percent was 74.52 ± 1.31, 72.50 ± 1.47 and 74.28 ± 1.27 in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen respectively. In low grade filtered semen the functional membrane as well as acrosomal integrities revealed a significant positive correlation with high mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm nuclear morphology (P<0.05). In the low grade filtered semen the parameter showed a significant positive correlation with sperm nuclear morphology (P<0.05). The overall mean post thaw sperm nuclear morphology was 77.56 ± 0.81, 55.69 ± 0.68 and 73.95 ± 0.83 percent in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered semen respectively. The overall mean malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of post thaw semen was 0.61 ± 0.01, 1.12 ± 0.01 and 0.69 ± 0.01 Fmol/ml in the normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered samples respectively. The overall mean fertility rate post insemination was 66.88 ± 4.22, 20.00 ± 1.89 and 60.63 ± 4.27 with frozen thawed semen of normal, low grade unfiltered and filtered ejaculates, respectively. It is concluded from the present study that the fertility rates of normal and low grade filtered semen differed non significantly suggesting that filtration has considerably improved the quality of low grade ejaculates; hence the filtration procedure could be used practically to improve low grade ejaculates from superior bulls to obtain optimum fertility.