Thumbnail Image

Thesis

Browse

2012 - 20137
Reset filters
Subject: Animal Genetics and Breeding × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ONGOLE AND PUNGANUR CATTLE BREEDS THROUGH MICROSATELLITE TYPING
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-04) ASHA, UPPUTURI; Sakunthala Devi, K(MAJOR); Rajkumar, U; Harikrishna, Ch
    ABSTRACT: Twenty dinucleotide microsatellite markers viz ETHOLO, ILSTSOOS, TGLA122, INRA035, INRA063, HEL001, TGLA 126, INRAOOS, ILSTS006, INRA032, ETH225, CSRM060, BMI 824, TGLA053, INRAO37, ETHO03, TGLA227, MM012, HAUT024 and HAUT027 were used for Assessment of genetic diversity in Ongole and Punganur cattle breeds through Microsatellite typing. The mean quantity of DNA was 2.96 pdml in Ongole and 3.16 pg/ml in Punganur cattle. Mean optical absorbance ratio (2601280nm) was 1.78 in both Ongole and Punganur cattle indicating good quality of genomic DNA. Out of the total 216 alleles detected, 98 alleles were specific to Ongole and 75 alleles were specific to Punganur. Mean number of alleles obtained at each locus varied from 1 to 12 in Ongole and 1 to 13 in Punganur cattle. The overall mean effective number of alleles was found to be 4.09 in Ongole and 3.41 in Punganur cattle. The overall mean expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were 0.65 and 0.33 in Ongole and 0.55 and 0.3 1 in Punganur breed, respectively. The overall mean PIC values observed were 0.62 and 0.53 in Ongole and Punganur breeds respectively. The mean inbreeding coefficient (Fls) obtained in the present study was 0.456 for Ongole and 0.434 in Punganur breed. F-statistics revealed moderate inbreeding within the breeds and existence of moderate relationship between the Ongole and Punganur cattle. In Ongole population, loci ETHO10, TGLA122, INRA035, INRA063, HEL001, ILSTS006, TGLA126, ETH225, CSRM60, TGLA053, INRA037, ETH003, MM012, HAUT027 and HAUT024 were deviated significantly from the equilibrium frequency (I'c0.01). In Punganur breed, except the locus TGLA126, ETH225 and CSRMO60, all other loci deviated significantly (Ps0.01) from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF TWO BACKYARD CHICKEN VARIETIES WITH 25% ASEEL INHERITANCE
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-11) DIVYA, D; Viroji Rao, S.T(MAJOR); Gnana Prakash, M; Narasimha, J
    ABSTRACT : The present study was aimed at evaluating two backyard chicken varieties (Type I and II) bred at AICRP on Poultry Breeding, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with regard to their growth, productive and reproductive performances, immunocompetence and morphological traits. Type I genetic group was bred such that it inherited 50% Black Australorp, 25% WLH and 25% Aseel inheritance, while the Type II genetic group was bred to have 50% Black Australorp, 25% Synthetic population and 25% Aseel inheritance. These varieties have completed two generations of inter - se breeding and the third generation chicks obtained in 8 hatches were used for the present study. The genetic groups were not significantly different for body weights at different ages except at 4, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Males were significantly heavier than females at all ages in both the genetic groups except in Type I genetic group at 4 weeks of age. The body weight of males in Type I and Type II genetic groups were 215.43 ± 5.71 and 207.86 ± 4.55 g at 4 weeks; 438.21 ± 6.72 and 446.93 ± 6.29 g at 8 weeks; 794.42 ± 7.85 and 789.11 ± 7.34 g at 12 weeks; 1222.70 ± 10.98 and 1214.60 ± 11.95 g at 16 weeks, 1700.50 ± 14.30 and 1717.20 ± 15.70 g at 20 weeks; 1902.80 ± 16.71 and 1912.70 ± 15.57 g at 24 weeks and 2086.40 ± 16.12 and 2077.80 ± 20.71 g at 40 weeks of age respectively. Similarly, the body weight of females in Type I and Type II genetic groups were 211.78 ± 3.58 and 185.77 ± 3.82 g at 4 weeks; 402.68 ± 5.16 and 408.07 ± 5.40 g at 8 weeks; 742.97 ± 6.27 and 708.66 ± 7.57 g at 12 weeks; 1027.00 ± 8.71 and 1109.00 ± 8.62 g at 16 weeks, 1213.80 ± 7.40 and 1241.50 ± 10.10 g at 20 weeks; 1480.30 ± 11.61 and 1489.10 ± 11.11 g at 24 weeks and 1580.40 ± 14.26 and 1571.60 ± 13.64 g at 40 weeks of age respectively. The two genetic groups did not differ significantly with regard to their reproductive traits Viz., AFE, Part year egg production up to forty weeks of age (EP40), Egg weight at 40 weeks of age (EW40), Fertility and Hatchability. The AFE was 173.20 ± 3.01 and 168.45 ± 0.62 days in Type I and II genetic groups. The mean EP40 was 68.46 ± 0.88 and 69.04 ± 0.96 eggs, while, EW40 was 48.86 ± 0.31 and 49.94 ± 0.36 g in Type I and II genetic groups respectively. The fertility based on five consecutive hatches was 86.39 and 86.10%, while, hatchability on TES and FES basis was 76.41 and 88.44% and 76.04 and 88.31% in Type I and II genetic groups respectively. There was wide variation in egg shell color ranging from brown to white with an array of shades which might be due to inheritance of various breeds involved in breeding strategy. Immunocompetence study was carried out using sRBC and PHA – P and the respective values in Type I and II genetic groups were 8.17 ± 0.50 and 7.60 ± 0.48 (in log2 values) and 1.61 ± 0.09 and 1.60 ± 0.09 mm which did not differ from each other. However, within each genetic group, males recorded higher sRBC and PHA – P values than the females. Wide variation was observed with regard to morphological traits Viz., Color of chick, Plumage pattern, Plumage color and Shank color which might be due to involvement of various breeds in breeding strategy. The mortality in Type I and Type II genetic groups was 8.37 and 3.64% during chick phase, 10.80 and 9.59% during grower phase and 9.39 and 6.98% during layer phase and the difference between the genetic groups was significant only during chick phase
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of Genetic Variability in Murrah Buffaloes through DNA Fingerprinting
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-11) SWATHI, KOPPULA; RAMESH GUPTA, B(MAJOR); SAI REDDY, S; KISHAN KUMAR, M
    ABSTRACT : The present study was undertaken for assessment of genetic variability in Murrah buffaloes through DNA fingerprinting using a total of 30 microsatellite markers selected from the list suggested by FAO. The mean optical absorbance ratio (260/280nm) was 1.664 indicating good quality of genomic DNA and the mean quantity of DNA was 1.281μg/μl. All the 30 microsatellites were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction and observed number of alleles ranged from 4 (CSSM032 and ILSTS005) to 12 (CSSM033 and ILSTS028) with a total of 239 alleles across the 30 loci. The overall mean observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and unbiased expected heterozygosity values were 0.439, 0.826 and 0.841 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.967; 0.709 to 0.899; and 0.754 to 0.915, respectively. The overall mean PIC was 0.803. All the 30 primers used in the present study were found to be polymorphic and highly informative with the PIC values ranging from 0.656 to 0.879. The overall mean inbreeding coefficient (FIS) and the outcrossing rate obtained in the present study were 0.483 and 0.464, respectively. Out of 30 microsatellite marker primers studied, 29 markers showed significant deviation from Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium which might be because of heterozygote deficiency. The sufficiently high mean values of observed number of alleles, observed heterozygosity and PIC for various microsatellites in the present study supported their suitability for genetic diversity studies. Results of the present study have contributed to the knowledge of genetic information of Murrah buffaloes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cytogenetic characterization of Purebred and Crossbred Sahiwal cattle
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI – 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-03) SUBRAMANYAM, B V; JAYA LAXMI, P (Major); PUNYA KUMARI, B; SIVAKUMAR, A.V.N
    ABSTRACT : A karyological investigation was carried out on Purebred Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle maintained at Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati to know their chromosomal architecture. Blood samples were collected aseptically into heparinized vaccutainers from thirty two animals of 16 each Sahiwal (8 males and 8 females) and Jersey X Sahiwal (8 males and 8 females). Short-term lymphocyte culture technique was employed for obtaining the metaphase chromosomes. Chromosomes of thirty well spread metaphases from each animal with a total of 960 metaphase spreads from both Purebred Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal Crossbred cattle were screened for chromosomal count and ten metaphases from each animal were taken for karyotyping. The modal diploid chromosome number (2n) in both Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle was found to be 60. All the autosomes were acrocentric and X chromosome was submetacentric in both the Purebred and Crossbred cattle. The Y chromosome was acrocentric in Sahiwal and submetacentric in Jersey X Sahiwal. The effect of genetic group and sex of the animal on all the morphometric measurements were studied. The analysis of variance based on the arcsin transformed data revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the relative lengths of individual chromosomes in both Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle indicating that the relative contribution of the chromosomes to the total genome is different. The effect of genetic group and sex of the animal on relative lengths, arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index of individual chromosomes in both Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle was found to be non significant. The relative length of the autosomes ranged from 1.74 ± 0.01 to 5.28 ± 0.02 per cent in Sahiwal cattle and from 1.72 ± 0.01 to 5.26 ± 0.02 per cent in Jersey X Sahiwal cattle. The first chromosome was found to be the longest chromosome of the karyotype in both the genetic groups. The X chromosome was the second largest chromosome and contributed to 5.07 ± 0.03 percent of the total genome in Sahiwal cattle and 5.06 ± 0.05 percent in Jersey X Sahiwal. The relative length of Y-chromosome was 1.99 ± 0.02 per cent in Sahiwal and 2.20 ± 0.02 percent in Jersey X Sahiwal cattle. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the X-chromosome of Sahiwal cattle were 1.89 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 2.87 ± 0.04, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the X-chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.84 ± 0.03, 0.36 ± 0.01 and 2.76 ± 0.04, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the Y-chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.63 ± 0.04, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.41 ± 0.04, respectively. The chromosome architecture of Sahiwal cattle was found to be similar to that of different recognized breeds of Zebu cattle whereas for Jersey X Sahiwal cattle resembled that of Bos taurus cattle.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF NELLORE SHEEP USING MICROSATELLITES
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI – 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2012-12) VANI, S; Punya Kumari, B (Major); Gnana Prakash; Rao, V H
    ABSTRACT: Nellore, tallest breed of indigenous sheep is the predominant breed present in Andhra Pradesh. The animals true to the breed are mainly found in Nellore and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. Nellore is a meat type breed known for heat tolerance, disease resistance and thrives well in harsh conditions. To form the basis for evolving further strategies to improve animal production, the assessment of the genetic and production potential of our livestock is very much necessary. The present study was carried out to characterise Nellore sheep at molecular level to understand the genetic constitution of population which will be helpful to breeders to formulate breeding strategy for the improvement of the breed. The characterisation was done by ten microsatellite markers recommended by FAO for population diversity studies in sheep. DNA was isolated from blood samples by phenol-chloroform method and microsatellites were amplified by PCR reaction. The PCR products were resolved using agarose gel electrophorosis. The genotypes were scored and the number, size, frequency of alleles were calculated using POPGENE software. In the sampled population for the ten marker loci under investigation a total of 75 alleles were observed. The number of alleles at each locus varied from a minimum of four to a maximum of ten with a mean of 7.5 alleles across all loci. Of the 75 alleles observed, four alleles at loci OarVH72, seven alleles at BM1314, BM6526, OarFCB48 and OarHH41were found, whereas, eight alleles were detected at loci BM8125, CSSM47. The number of alleles at loci BM757 were nine and ten at OarFCB128. The most frequent allele number was seven. Of the ten loci studied, the effective number of alleles ranged from 3.2125 (OarVH72) to 5.7645 (OarCP34) with the mean number of 4.7202 across all loci. PIC values for Nellore sheep ranged from 0.637 (CSSM47) to 0.8157 (OarCP34) with mean PIC value of 0.7528. Based on the PIC values, it could be inferred that all the markers used in the present study showed values more than 0.5 indicating their importance in molecular characterization and genetic diversity studies. All the loci under investigation showed significant Chi-Square values, suggesting departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium proportions. The observed heterozygosity values varied from 0.2368 (OarVH72) to 0.833 (BM8125) with a mean value of 0.497 and the expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.6887 (OarVH72) to 0.8265 (OarCP34) with a mean value of 0.7865. Two out of ten loci revealed negative FIS indicating an absence of inbreeding in those loci while the remaining loci revealed positive FIS values ranging from 0.0831 (OarFCB128) to 0.4224 (OarCP34). The mean FIS value observed over all the loci was 0.1889 indicating the deficiency of heterozygotes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NELLORE SHEEP
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2012-12) RANI, MANNE; EKAMBARAM, B (Major); PUNYA KUMARI, B; RAVINDRA REDDY, Y
    ABSTRACT : Data on 1350 Nellore Jodipi sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh was utilized for the present study. Data recorded on body weights at different ages on the sheep maintained at the Network Project on Nellore Sheep Improvement, Livestock Research Station Palamaner, Chittoor district was also utilized for the present study. Analysis of data under field conditions revealed that division and sex had significant (P≤0.01) effect on body weights and biometrical measurements at majority of ages studied and the non-genetic factors like Period, Season and Sex shown significant (P≤0.01) effect on body weights at all ages studied on farm data. The overall least squares means for body weight at 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age were 35.26 ± 0.23, 38.45 ± 0.13, 39.53 ± 0.32 and 40.06 ± 0.33 kg, respectively. While, the overall least-squares means for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of ages were 2.87 ± 0.01, 12.96 ± 0.08, 17.15 ± 0.13, 20.99 ± 019 and 25.38 ± 0.26 kg, respectively. The lambs born during off season shown superiority in body weights over main season lambs at all ages except at 9-months. The overall least-squares means for average daily gains during 0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9 and 9 to 12 months of ages were 112, 48, 42 and 49 gm, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among body weights and biometrical measurements were also studied. The coefficients of correlations between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages and the results revealed that the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High Coefficient of determination (R2 values) were observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age (88.00) males and in females at 2-teeth (50.00) age. The data adjusted for non-genetic factors was utilized to study the genetic parameters. The heritability estimates were ranged from low to moderate. Body weights at six months of age was medium heritable (0.29 ± 0.08), while, 12 months of age was low heritable (0.062 ± 0.10). Heritability estimates for body weights at different ages tended to increase with increasing age from birth to 6-months body weight and then declined in the present study. The 6-months body weights can be used to select the animals for genetic improvement programmes. The average daily gains during 3 to 6 months was medium heritable (0.340 ± 0.08). The heritability estimates for average daily gains at different ages tended to increase with increasing age from birth to 6-months average daily gains and then decreased. The average daily gains between 3 to 6 months age can be used as a selection criterion for the improvement of body weights. The genetic correlation coefficients of weaning weight (3m) with 6, 9 and 12 months body weights and average daily gains during 0 to 3, 6 to 9 and 9 to 12 months of age were positive. The genetic correlations between 6-months body weight with later ages were strongly correlated. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of 6 months body weight with 9 and 12 months body weights and average daily gains at all ages were positive and significant. The body weight at 6 months was highly correlated with 9 and 12 months body weights at genetic and phenotypic level also. A greater portion of variation in body weights due to environmental factors was also observed, however, the genetic correlation suggested that selection can be practiced effectively at subsequent ages on the basis of body weights at 6 months of age to improve the body weights.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF VIZIANAGARAM SHEEP
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2012-01) SATISH KUMAR, ILLA; PUNYA KUMARI, B (Major); GNANA PRAKASH, M; SURESH, J
    ABSTRACT : A study was carried out on 60 Vizianagaram sheep (30 males and 30 females) for cytogenetic characterization. The modal diploid chromosome number was found to be 54. The first three pairs of the autosomes were submetacentric and the remaining 23 pairs of autosomes were acrocentric in nature. The X – chromosome was the longest acrocentric, while the Y – chromosome was the smallest biarmed chromosome. The effect of sex was not evident on the morphometric measurements of all the chromosomes, while, the differences among the chromosomes were significant among all the chromosomes for all the morphometric measurements. The mean relative length of autosomes varied from 1.54 ± 0.04 to 9.59 ± 0.12 percent. The X – chromosome constituted 5.06 ± 0.02 percent to the total genome, while the Y – chromosome constituted 1.81 ± 0.17 to the total genome. Sex had no significant effect on the relative length of any one of the chromosomes in the karyotype. The mean arm ratios for the first three biarmed autosomes based on raw data varied from 1.24 ± 0.07 to 1.31 ± 0.07, while the mean arm ratios based on transformed data ranged from 6.34 ± 0.01 to 6.58 ± 0.01. The sex had no influence on arm ratios of any one of the chromosomes under study. The overall mean centromeric indices based on raw data for the first three chromosomes are 0.565 ± 0.07, 0.550 ± 0.04 and 0.545 ± 0.04, respectively. Significant differences were observed in centromeric indices of first three biarmed autosomes, while the influence of sex on centromeric indices of all the chromosomes was found to be non -significant. The overall mean morphological indices based on transformed data ranged from 13.31 ± 0.05 in third chromosome to 15.88 ± 0.08 in first chromosome. The effect of sex was not evident on the morphological indices of the first three chromosomes, while, the differences among the chromosomes are significant.