Thesis
Browse
Browsing Thesis by Subject "Animal Nutrition"
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Analysis of essential minerals and heavy metals in feed ingredients and farm produce of dairy animals in Varanasi(Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2018) Yadav, SatyaPrakash; Paswan, Vinod KumarThe study was planned with the two-faceted broad aims of analyzing the feedstuffs, tree tops and weeds of the Varanasi district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Analyzed of Seventy-nine samples of 8 different grasses, 86 samples of 8 different fodder crops, 70 samples of 8 different crop residue based dry roughages, 70 samples of 13 different concentrate feeds from dairy farms were analyzed for proximate composition and fibre fractions.170 samples of 20 different tree tops were analyzed for proximate composition, fibre fractions, polyphenolic components and mineral composition.146 samples of 21 different weeds were collected from the fields of the study area and were analyzed for proximate composition, fibre fraction and mineral profiling. 14 cow milk samples and 12 buffalo milk samples were analysed for chemical composition, mineral profile and heavy metals in cattle manure slurry. The prevalence of heavy metals viz., As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn and Fe was found in ground water samples and in municipal supply water samples.Analysis of proximate composition and fibre fractions revealed that fodder crops, tree tops, concentrates of the study area have nutritive value within the normal range. Even the weeds have comparable nutritive potential in terms of proximate principles and fibre fractions. However, utilization of weeds as feed resource is recommended only after investigating its anti-nutritional potential. All the major and trace minerals are invariably present in concentrates, fodder crops, tree tops and even in weeds. Some of the samples contain particular minerals in such a large quantity, that it may be considered good source of that mineral. Strategic supplementation of different feed resources can meet all the mineral requirement of livestock with minimum extra supplementation of mineral mixtures.Total phenol and tannin content of tree leaves revealed that some of the tree was truly tanniferous with large quantities of condensed tannins. However, limited inclusion of these tree leaves in livestock feed poses little risk. In fact, it has been proved that tannin content up to 4% in leaves and 1-2% in total feeds have beneficial role of protein protection from ruminal degradation and thus more utilization of protein will happen. It was concluded that weeds are equivalent source of major nutrients including various macro and micro minerals and other beneficial components and can be used for livestock feeding. The weeds can be fed to animals in partial replacements with other feed sources because some of them contain antinutritional factors which may cause harmful effects on the livestock health. Even the partial inclusion of weeds in livestock feeding will reduce the feeding cost by providing animals with equivalent nutrition. In addition it will aid in environmental protection by acting as the natural or biological weed control agent by minimizing the use of harmful weedicides and herbicides.Significant fraction of manure, milk and water samples contained heavy metals like, As, Pb, Cd and even Hg. Arsenic content was invariably more in water and particularly in ground water of the study area, which may be due to Gangetic zone of the study area. Heavy metal content in milk and water pose risk to human population also through its transfer via feed-food chain.ThesisItem Open Access Chemical Composition and Mineral Profile of Forage Crops, Tree Tops and Weeds in Vindhya Region of Uttar Pradesh.(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI, 2017) Lal, Shankar; Paswan, Dr. Vinod kumarNutrition play’s most important role in ruminant production systems, because it provide better growth and development of animal while imbalance feed consumption causes reduction in efficiency of animal. Supply of feed in inadequate amount and quality is responsible to a large extent for the low livestock productivity in the India. The present study entitled “Chemical Composition and Mineral Profile of Forage Crops, Tree Tops and Weeds inVindhya Region ofUttar Pradesh.”Analysis was carried out on the basis of proximate and AAS principles. Out of 9 grasses and weeds, 7 forage crops, 9 field crops and 30 trees analyzed during the present investigation Acacia catechu (55.75±0.67),Bambusa vulgaris (29.13±0.27),Brassica juncea(21.84±0.01),Tamarindusindica(10.55±0.33),Raphanussativus (17.11±0.14), Tectonagrandis(8.01±1.36), and Madhukalangifolia(65.60±3.73)were found to be a highly rich source in percentages of DM, CF, CP, EE, Ash, AIA and NFE. Raphanussativus (9.72±0.54), Moringaoleifera (7.55±0.32),Hordeumvulgare (6.31±0.08), Aeglemarmelos (1.87±0.06), Viciasativa (7.84±0.39),Syzygiumcumini(0.88±0.42) and Dalbergiasissoo (37.80±0.54) were found to be a poor sources of DM, CF, CP, EE, Ash and AIA with NFE. And availability of micronutrients in these forage sample in (mg kg-1)Tectonagrandis(214.14±5.35), Pithecellobiumdulce(54.41±1.57),Dalbergiasissoo(31.23±0.17) were found to be a highly rich source of Fe, Zn, Mn, while Moringaoleifera(1.87±0.13), Azadirachtaindica (1.51±0.03), Delonixregia(0.24±0.02) were found to poor sources of Fe, Zn, and Mn . While Cu, and Cd, are note found in any plant leaves sample. But these micronutrients are present in this region soil.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Feeding Chelated Mineral Supplement to Lactating Cows on Production Performance at Gowshala- Dairy farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.(Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, 2018) Rajendra, Bhosale Tushar; Pandey, R. K.India being an agrarian country has a wide agricultural base complemented by an ever expanding livestock sector which contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. The value of output from livestock and fisheries sectors together is about 21.6 per cent of the total value of output from Agriculture & Allied Sectors. The contribution of this sector to the total GDP is 3.9% (economic survey 2014-15). As the ownership of livestock is more evenly distributed with landless labourers and marginal farmers, the progress in this sector will result in a more balanced development of the rural economy. So it is quite imperative to boost this sector especially when it determines livelihood of millions of people. The first unique characteristic of Indian Dairy Industry is that, it is in the hands of small holders, milk production is an integral part of agriculture involving the two third of milk producers who are small or marginal farmers and 20 % of milk producers have no land. Milk production in country over the last one decade has increased by about 5 % per annum and the per capita availability of milk improved from 337 g in 2015-16 to 355 g in 2016-17 (NDDB, 2018). Milk production of India during 2015-16 was 155.5 million tonnes which is increased in 2016-17 is 165.4 million tonnes. Increase in milk production and its sustainability are associated with both genetic and nutritional improvement factors. India possess 190.9 million cattle & 76.7 million adult female cattle heads (NDDB, 2012) & 108.7 million heads of buffaloes & 56.6 millions of adult female buffalo (NDDB, 2012) and 135 million heads of goats & 65.1 millions of sheep (NDDB, 2012). (Source: livestock censuses, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare, GoI.) The effect of supplementing chelated minerals (fedamin) manufactured by ‘Guybro chemicals’ with the concentrate mixture was evaluated in terms of milk production, composition & mineral status of the animals. The experiment was conducted on lactating ‘Sahiwal’ & ‘Hariyana’ cows at ‘Gowshala Dairy farm BHU, Varanasi’ 221005. The animal were selected for the experiment is between 3rd & 5th lactation and having ad lib. Feeding. The animals were divided into 3 equal groups on the basis of breed, lactation number & milk yield of the previous lactation. The observations were recorded for 21 days. 1st group were put on control feeding, i.e. fed concentrate mixture without chelated minerals.The 2nd & 3rd group were given 50g (25+25 g morning & evening)& 75g (37.5+37.5 g morning & evening) of chelated mineral supplement/ head/ day respectively (fedamin). The chelated minerals were fed to the animals with concentrate mixture during milking time (Morning & Evening).The milk composition were checked in Department of Animal Husbandry & dairying lab by ‘Ekomilk’ machine. Average daily milk production of cows from groups I, II and III was 11.34, 14.43 and 7.53 kg, respectively. It was noticed that the differences in milk production of cows in groups I, II and III were statistically significant (P<0-01). This indicated that chelated minerals at 25 g level significantly increased milk production of cows. From this, it is concluded that the inclusion of amino acid chelates in the feed of lactating cows show statistically and economically significant positive effect such as 15-16 % increase in milk production when fed at the rate of 25 g/day.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Mineral Mixture Feeding on Milk Production and Milk Composition of Lactating Cows at Dairy Farm, BHU.(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI, 2018) Deep, Nirupama; Pandey, Rajendra KumarTo study the impact of mineral mixture feeding on milk production performance and milk composition of cross bred the experiment was taken in 6 cattle. Out of 6 cattle 2 cattle of group T1 was feeding only concentrate farm feed roughages without mineral mixture supplements. 2 cattle of group T2 was feeding mineral mixture supplement 50ml/calf/day with concentrate farm feed, roughages as per instruction and 2 cattle of group T3 was feeding mineral mixture supplement with concentrate farm feed, roughages as per instruction.To see the effect of various mineral mixtures on milk yield in litter different types of variances were analyzed. The milk yield in various groups differ significantly (P<0.05). To see the effect of various mineral mixtures on Fat%, SNF%, Protein, Milk density and Lactose in treated milk different types of variances were analyzed all were differ significantly (P< 0.05).But the Protein increment is non significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion is that adding mineral mixture Feeding Increase the Milk yield and Milk Composition of a Lactating cow.ThesisItem Open Access Study on health and production performance of broiler chickens fed on prebiotic and acidifier supplemented diets.(Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2019) Shah, Ritesh prasad; Paswan, V. K.The present research work was carried out in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi after approval of the Central Animal Ethical Committee of the University. In this experiment three hundred and sixty unsexed Cobb-400 chicks of 7 days old were weighed and randomly distributed to 36 floor pens (with 10 birds in each pen) following completely randomized design. The six dietary treatments were M0L0 (control; basal diet without MOS (mannan oligosaccharide) and LA (lactic acid) supplementation, M0.5L0 (basal diet with 0.5% MOS), M0.5L1 (basal diet with 0.5% MOS and 1% LA), M1L0 (basal diet with 1% MOS), M1L1, (basal diet with 1% MOS and 1% LA), and M1L2 (basal diet with 1% MOS and 2% LA). Highest improvement in retention of Ca and P was observed in M0.5L1 group whereas, Fe, Zn and Cu was recorded in LA supplemented groups M1L1 and M1L2. Cost of production for per kg live weight and dressed weight was found lowest in lower levels of MOS and LA supplemented groups; M0.5L0 and M0.5L1 whereas highest in higher levels of MOS and LA supplemented group M1L2. Carcass characteristics, nutritional composition, color (L*a*b*), textural, sensory scores and fatty acid profile remained similar among the groups. Gut health in terms of pH of different intestinal segments, microbial counts of the digesta in these segments and length of jejunum, ileum and caecum improved on MOS and/or LA supplementation. While, GIT weight and diameter of different intestinal segments remained similar. Improvement in immunity as indicated in higher bursal and thymus weight were also recorded in treated group. Lipid profiles and serum lipid oxidative enzymes were improved with treated group. Thus supplementation of diet either with 0.5% MOS or 0.5% MOS and 1% LA in the poultry ration was found better in terms of growth, cost of production and health performance.