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ThesisItem Open Access Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn distillers grains with solubles(MPKV, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY RAHURI, 2013) Patil, B.B.; Dhage, S.A.The study was conducted to assess the “Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn distillers grains with solubles”, The samples were collected from different distilleries like Yashraj Distilleries (Satara), Vitthal Distilleries (Solapur), Mali Nagar sugar factory lim.(Akluj), Viraj distilleries (Shirala) and Pranav distilleries (Gangapur).Then samples were analyzed for proximate and detergent constituents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), mineral composition and then energy content was estimated by using prediction equations. Proximate constituents in dried distillers grains with solubles with respect to DM, CP, EE, CF, TA and NFE were 89.76%, 30.00%, 9.80%, 8.40%, 4.54% and 47.20%, respectively. Whereas in WDGS these contents were 29.94%, 30.89%, 10.30%, 8.62%, 4.09% and 46.19%, respectively. Fiber fractions in DDGS regarding NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 38.93%, 15.10%, 23.84%, 13.01% and 2.07%, respectively. Whereas, in WDGS these contents were 40.40%, 16.61%, 24.04%, 14.45% and 2.16%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of DDGS was 69.36% while it was 69.78% in WDGS.ThesisItem Unknown “Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn distillers grains with solubles”(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2013) PATIL BHARAT BHIMRAO; Dhage, S.A.The study was conducted to assess the “Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn distillers grains with solubles”, The samples were collected from different distilleries like Yashraj Distilleries (Satara), Vitthal Distilleries (Solapur), Mali Nagar sugar factory lim.(Akluj), Viraj distilleries (Shirala) and Pranav distilleries (Gangapur).Then samples were analyzed for proximate and detergent constituents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), mineral composition and then energy content was estimated by using prediction equations. Proximate constituents in dried distillers grains with solubles with respect to DM, CP, EE, CF, TA and NFE were 89.76%, 30.00%, 9.80%, 8.40%, 4.54% and 47.20%, respectively. Whereas in WDGS these contents were 29.94%, 30.89%, 10.30%, 8.62%, 4.09% and 46.19%, respectively. Fiber fractions in DDGS regarding NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 38.93%, 15.10%, 23.84%, 13.01% and 2.07%, respectively. Whereas, in WDGS these contents were 40.40%, 16.61%, 24.04%, 14.45% and 2.16%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of DDGS was 69.36% while it was 69.78% in WDGS. Mineral composition in DDGS with respect to Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were 0.11%, 0.74%, 0.29%, 1.14%, 0.23%, 0.41%, 336.8 ppm, 71.82 ppm, 9.66 ppm and 69.61 ppm, respectively. Whereas in WDGS these contents were 0.10%, 0.74%, 0.29%, 1.14%, 0.23%, 0.40%, 339.7 ppm, 71.95 ppm, 9.57 ppm and 69.11 ppm respectively. It was observed that TDN content was 92.16, 77.14, 82.10 and 81.96 per cent in maize, rice, sorghum and wheat DDGS, respectively. It indicated that TDN content in maize DDGS was highest while TDN content in rice DDGS was lowest, which is due to low fat content in rice DDGS. Similar trend was observed in TDN per cent of WDGS. The TDN content in WDGS was found to be 92.19, 81.12, 82.26 and 82.68 per cent in maize, rice, sorghum and wheat DDGS, respectively. The digestible energy content was found to be 4.06, 3.42, 3.61, 3.61 and 4.00, 3.51, 3.62 and 3.60 Mcal/kg in DDGS and WDGS of maize, rice, sorghum and wheat, respectively. On the basis of results obtained in this investigation it can be stated that, distillers byproducts are rich source of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and minerals and also superior in digestibility. Further it is revealed that dried distillers grains with solubles and wet distillers grains with solubles of maize, rice, sorghum and wheat contains high level of protein and energy to their corresponding grain sources. On the other hand, their high fibre content makes this co-product especially interesting for nutrition respect to various ruminants and nonruminants. Hence DDGS and WDGS are good source of nonconventional feed.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF FIRST LACTATIONAL TRAITS IN JERSEY X RED SINDHI AND FRIESIAN X RED SINDHI(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1992) Yazdani, Ahmad R.; Rakshe, P.T.The present study entitled, "Comparative performance of first lactational traits in Jersey X Red Sindhi and Friesian X Red Sindhi", was undertaken at the Agricultural College Dairy Farm, Pune. Data on fifty eight Red.Sindhi halfbred cows from 1974 to 1988 were collected and analysed to study the reproduction, production and prod uction efficiency traits. The least squares analysis (Harvey, 1966) was carried out to assess the influence of genetic group, period of calving and season of calving on said traits. Correlations between economically important traits were studied. Prediction equations were developed to predict full milk yield, 300 days milk yield, daily milk yield per 300 days, daily milk yield per lactation length and daily milk yield per calving interval. The least-squares means for age of first calving (days), full milk yield (kg), 300 days milk yield (kg), lactation length (days), calving interval (days), daily milk yield per 300 days (kg), daily milk yield per lactation length and daily milk yield per calving interval were 1059.05 (days), 2623.84 (kg), 2144.54 (kg), 360.71 (days), 380.27 (days), 7.22 (kg), 7.20 (kg) and 5.77 (kg) for FRS, these figures were 1007.99 (days), 2705.12 (kg), 2094.28(kg), 394.14 (days), 384.51 (days), 6.98 (kg), 6.89 (kg) and 5.70 (kg) for JRS. Period of calving exerted significant influence on age at first calving in FRS and DMY/300 days, DMY/LL and DMY/CI in JRS. Season of calving did not show significant influence on any trait under study. Both genotypes differed significantly for lactation length. In multiple regression of birth weight and age at first calving on full milk yield, 300 days milk yield, daily milk yield/300 days, daily milk yield/lactation length and daily milk yield/calving interval, all partial regression coefficients were non-significant in Friesian x Red Sindhi and Jersey x Red Sindhi. Accuracy of predictability of said traits was ranged from 5.00 to 51.00 per cent in both genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Performance of Reproductive and Productive some Economic Traits of Triple Crosses of Gir Cattle and Their Interbreds(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1991) Navale Popat B.; Kale, K.M.In all 646 records of FJG, IFJG, JFG, IJFG and IBFG crosses from 1977 to 1988 were collected from All India Coordinated Research Project on Cattle, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri and analysed to study the comparative performance of reproductive and productive some economic traits of triple crosses of Gir Cattle and their respective interse. The least squares analysis (Harvey, 1960) was carried out to assess the influence of season of calving and year of calving ; on different reproductive and productive traits viz.. Age at first service (AFC,) Weight at first calving (WFC) service period (SP) and total milk yield (TMY), milk yield in 300 - days (MY - 300 days), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), calving interval (CI) MY/ day of LL and CI of first lactotion.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF 5/8 GIR CROSSBRED AND PHULE TRIVENI(Mahatma phule krishi vidyapeeth Rahuri, 2014) Khekare.M.M.; Bhoite.U.Y.The data on milk production traits of 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni cows maintained at RCDP on Cattle, M.P.K.V., Rahuri, Dist.- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra (India) over a period of 37 years (1977-2013) were used for present study. Least squares means of lactation milk yield (LMY), 300 days milk yield (300 DMY), lactation length (LL) and dry period (DP) were worked out as suggested by Harvey (1990) to estimate the effects of genetic group, season of calving, period of calving and order of lactation. Wherever the effects were significant, mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as modified by Kramer (1957). The correlations among the production traits under study were also estimated. The overall least squares means of LMY, 300 DMY, LL and DP in 5/8 Gir crossbreds were 3016.66 ± 101.28 kg, 2794.56 ± 84.84 kg, 332.00 ± 6.61 days and 91.29 ± 6.61 days respectively. The overall least squares means of LMY, 300 DMY, LL and DP in Phule Triveni were 3106.39 ± 48.19 kg, 2879.46 ± 38.40 kg, 334.18 ± 3.22 days and 86.28 ± 3.93 days respectively. The effect of genetic group on LMY, LL and DP was significant (P < 0.01) while, it was non-significant on 300 DMY. The variation due to season of calving in LMY, 300DMY, LL and DP was non-significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. The influence of period of calving on LMY, 300 DMY, LL and DP was significant in Phule Triveni (P < 0.01) and non-significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds. The difference due to lactation order in LMY and 300 DMY was significant (P < 0.01) in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni, whereas, non-significant in LL and DP. Phenotypic correlations of LL with LMY and 300 DMY were positive and significant (P < 0.01) while it was negative and non-significant between LL and DP in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. Phenotypic correlations of DP with LMY and 300DMY were positive and non-significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds whereas, negative and non-significant in Phule Triveni. Phenotypic correlation between LMY and 300DMY was positive and significant (P < 0.01) and LL with LMY and 300 DMY was positive and significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. Genetic correlations of LL with LMY and 300 DMY were positive and significant (P < 0.01) while it was negative and non-significant between LL and DP in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. Genetic correlation between DP and LMY was positive and non-significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. Genetic correlation between DP and 300DMY was negative and non-significant in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni. Genetic correlations between LMY and 300DMY was positive and significant (P < 0.01) in 5/8 Gir crossbreds and Phule Triveni.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED MAINTAINED AT PANJARAPOLE, AHMEDNAGAR(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2013) AUTE SHAILENDRA NARAYAN; Pachpute, S.T.The investigation entitled, Comparative Production Performance of Crossbreds Maintained at Panjarapole, Ahmednagar was undertaken on the records of 118 HF and 74 Jersey cows maintained at Gorakshan Sanstha, Arangaon road, Ahmednagar, Dist Ahmednagar, Maharashtra (India) from 1973 to 2008. Least squares means of total lactation milk yield (TLMY), 300 days milk yield (TDMY), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), calving interval (CI) were worked out as suggested by Harvey (1990) by considering the effect of genetic group, period of calving, season of calving and lactation order. Wherever the effects were significant, the means of various milk productive traits were compared by Duncun’s multiple Range test as modified by Kramer (1957). The data were corrected for significant effect of season of calving, period of calving and lactation order as per formula suggested by Gacula et al. (1968). The corrected data was used for study of genetic effect and correlation among different milk production traits. The least squares means for total lactation milk yield, 300 days milk yield, lactation length, dry period and calving interval in crossbreds were 3107.90+32.08 kg, 2933.76+28.60 kg, 323.61+ 2.06 days, 126.75+3.30 days, 447 days respectively. Effect due to genetic group was significant on 300 days milk yield, calving interval, lactation length and dry period. However, effect due to genetic group was non significant on total lactation milk yield. Effect due to season of calving was significant on total lactation milk yield, 300 days milk yield, calving interval, lactation length and dry period. Period of calving exerted significant effect on total lactation milk yield, calving interval, dry period and non significant effect on 300 days milk yield and lactation length. Order of lactation exerted significant effect on total lactation milk yield, 300 days milk yield. However order of lactation did not exerted significant effect on lactatiol length, dry period and calving interval. Phenotypic correlations among most of the milk production traits were positive and highly significant except dry period, where correlation was negative except 300 days milk yield.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative studies on growth and productive performance of exotic Breeds and Gir crosses and their Interse progenies(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1986) Tate Shivraj S.; Kale, K.M.The Present investigation was undertaken with a view of comparing growth and productive performance of 3/4 th two exotic breeds and 1/4 th Gir crosses and their interse progenies, at AICRP on Cattle, MPAU, Rahuri. District Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Least squares analysis (Harvey, 1966) of growth and productive traits of 114 FJG, 86 JFG, 80 BFG, 51 I1 FJG, 37 I JFG and 32 I BFG from 1975 to 1985 was carried out to asses the influence of genetic and non genetic factors.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PANEER PREPARED FROM COW AND SANGAMNERI GOAT MILK(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2011) Vishal Keshavrao Varpe; Desale, R.J.The investigations were carried out to study the sensory and chemical quality of paneer prepared from cow and Sangamneri goat milk and its combinations. Cow milk and goat milk blends were used in the production of paneer. In all 5 treatments were selected and those were T1 - 100 % cow milk paneer, T2 – 75 % cow milk + 25 % goat milk paneer, T3 – 50 % cow milk + 50 % goat milk paneer, T4 – 25 % cow milk + 75 % goat milk paneer and T5 – 100 % goat milk paneer. Citric acid (1 %) was used as a coagulant where as the temperature of 72 0C was kept constant in all the treatments as a coagulating temperature. Cow milk procured from Research Cum Development Project on Cattle (RCDP) contained fat 4.10 %, acidity 0.14 %, specific gravity 1.027, lactose 4.51 %, total solids 12.69 % and protein 3.41 %, respectively, while the goat milk obtained from centrally sponsored scheme on conservation of Threatened Breed of Sangamneri Goat, M.P.K.V., Rahuri contained fat 4.90 %, acidity 0.16 %, specific gravity 1.027, lactose 4.07 %, total solids 13.70 % and protein 3.62 %, respectively. The samples of paneer were subjected to chemical and organoleptic evaluation. The results of experimental trials were statistically analysed by using Completely Randomized Block with 4 replications. The type of milk had non-significant effect on recovery of fat, total solids and protein implying thereby that addition of goat milk in cow milk was advantageous in preparation of paneer. The sensory scores for overall acceptability for the treatment T2, T1 and T3 were 7.81, 7.76 and 7.67, respectively. It means T2 gives good marks by judges for it’s qualities. Goat milk alone makes inferior quality of paneer. It is concluded that treatment T2 (75 % cow milk + 25 % goat milk paneer) was superior with score of 7.81 over other types with 24.00 % fat, closely followed by 100 % cow milk paneer scoring 7.76 with 24.50 % fat. A good quality paneer was prepared by using citric acid as a coagulant (1 %) at 72 0C coagulating temperature.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative studies on production performance of Gir Halfbreds and their second generation Crosses with two Exotic Dairy Breeds(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1987) Mandakmale, S. D; Kale, K.M.In all 1476 records of FG, JG, FJG, JFG and BFG Crosses were collected from all India co ordinated Research Project on cattle, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri and analysed to study the comparative productive productive performance of the five genetic groups. The Least squares analysis (Harvey, 1960) was carried out to assess the influence of Age at First calving , Weight at First Calving, First Lactation Length Lactation Order, Month and Year of Calving and genetic groups on different productive traits viz. weight at calving toral milk yield in 300 days or less lactation length and dry period. The data were adjusted for significant effects to work out phenotypic and genetic correlations and heritanility. The comparison between genetic groups was made on the basis of pooled analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Study of Physico-chemical and Free Fatty Acid Profile of Mik in Gir and its Crosses(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2015) Ghule, Balaji. Kishanrao.; Desale, R.J.The research work pertaining to “Comparative study of physico-chemical and free fatty acid profile of milk in Gir and its crosses” was undertaken in laboratory of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.). The experiment was conducted during the year 2013-14. The main objective of this study was to assess the physico- chemical parameters, compare the micro and macro mineral content and free fatty acid profile of milk of Gir and its crosses. After finalizing the objectives 12 Gir, 12 of Gir Half-bred (GHB) and 12 of Phule Triveni cows were selected on their 1st (7-30 days), 2nd (31-60 days), 3rd (61-150 days) and 4th (151-270 days) lactation stages from the Research-cum-Development Project, (RCDP) on cattle at M.P.K.V., Rahuri. The mean specific gravity of milk (1.029) was not affected by stage of lactation and breed. It was further noticed that the specific gravity of milk from the 1st to 4th stage of a lactation was same indicating there by that specific gravity did not vary throughout the lactation during the study. It was observed that in Gir, Gir half-bred and Phule Triveni the mean electrical conductivity of the milk was ( 0.378, 0.377 and 0.376 Am v-1m-1) in the 1st stage of lactation which increased with the advancing stage of lactation (0.411, 0.410 and 0.408 Am v-1m-1 ) in the fourth stage. The viscosity of milk was not significantly affected due to breed and its interaction with stage of lactation. The values were at par with each other during different stage of lactation. It was noticed that the fat content for 30 days post partum remained minimum but from the 31st day upto the end of lactation it showed gradual rise upto the advanced stage of lactation. Amongst the breeds highest mean fat content in Gir was 4.24 per cent, 4.17 per cent in Gir half-bred and 4.07 per cent in Phule Triveni. Breed and its interaction with the stage of lactation did not significantly affect the fat content of the milk. The mean lactose content varied in different breeds and also during the different lactation stages. Maximum mean lactose (4.48%) was observed in first stage of lactation which decreased gradually with each stage of lactation. It was noticed that the stage with the stage of lactation had non-significant (P < 0.01) effect on lactose content. of lactation had significant effect, while breed and its interactionThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on breeding efficiency of Triple Crosses of Cattle(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1986) Shendge, Bharat B.; Shingte, N.G [Gd.]The records of FJG, JFG and BFG triple crossbreds were collected from pedidges Shests maintained at AICRP on Cattle, MPAU, Rahuri. The data were collected over a period of 10 years (1975 to 1984) having total of six hundred lactations. To overcome the difficulties arising from the unequal number in sub classes the least squares technique of analysis (Harvey, 1966) was used. Whenever, the effect of non genetic factor was found significant, the data were adjusted by the corresponding least squares constants. The breeding efficiency was calculated as suggested by will cox (1957) and Tomer (1965).ThesisItem Open Access Curd Forming Properties of Sheep Milk(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1986) Deshmukh, N.V.; Belhe, N.D.The objectives of the investigation were to study the chemical composition of milk and curd from sheep and cow milk alongwith the clotting behaviour of milk, curd tension and syneresis rate. The total solids content was much higher (16.84%) in the sheep milk than in cow milk (12.90%) the sheep contained 5.81 % Protein 4.50% casein, 5.27% fat and 4.12% lactose while these figures in cow milk were 3.40, 2.57, 4.10 and 4.84 per cent respectively. The average clotting time in sheep milk was 54.57 seconds as against 67.3 seconds in cow milk.ThesisItem Open Access CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ‘PHULE-TRIVENI’ CROSSBRED CATTLE(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2008) Hadawale Nilisha Parashuram; Ulmek, B.R.The present research work “Cytogenetic characterization of ‘Phule-Triveni’ crossbred cattle” was undertaken to characterize the breed on cytological level. Phule Triveni cross-bred cow strain, developed at MPKV, Rahuri is a triple cross-bred cow having blood level of HF (50 %), Jersey (25 %) and Gir (25 %) and karyotyping of this strain can help in screening breeding bulls for existence of hereditary diseases caused by detectable chromosomal defects. Elimination of such abnormal animals will help to maintain the herd cytogenetically clean. A total of 20 ‘Phule-Triveni’ cattle (10 males and 10 females) maintained at Research Cum Development Project on Cattle, MPKV, Rahuri were utilized for the present investigation. The chromosome preparation were made by using short term peripheral blood lymphocyte culture technique.The number of chromosomes were counted in about 10 metaphases per animal and best metaphases for each sex were photographed and karyotypes were prepared. The length of chromosomes was measured using vernier calipers with an accuracy of 0.02 mm. The relative length of a chromosome was measured as the ratio of its length to the total length of haploid chromosome set containing an x-chromosome and then expressed as percentage. The idiograms were drawn using relative length of chromosomes. The arm ratio was computed as the ratio of length of short arm (p) to the length of long arm (q). The centromeric index was calculated as the ratio of length of short arm (p) to the total length of a chromosome (p + q). The diploid chromosome number for Phule-Triveni crossbred cattle was found to be 60. All the 29 pairs of autosomes were acrocentric in nature, whereas X-chromosome was submetacentric. The Y- chromosome of Phule-Triveni cattle was acrocentric in morphology. The first pair of chromosome contributed 5.545 per cent in male genome and 5.540 per cent in female genome, whereas, the last pair contributed 1.571 and 1.623 per cent in males and females, respectively. In Phule-Triveni males, X chromosome contributed about 5.499 per cent to total genome whereas, Y-chromosome contributed about 1.524 per cent. The arm ratio of X-chromosome in the present investigation was found to be 0.57 per cent and centromeric index There was significant effect of sex on the mean relative length of chromosomes of Phule-Triveni cattle. The present study revealed that the chromosome architecture of Phule-Triveni cattle was similar to that of the other breeds of zebu cattle.ThesisItem Open Access DETECTION OF ADULTERANTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF RAW MILK(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2016) Waikar, P.N.; Desale, R.J.The present study entitled “Detection of Adulterants and Their Effect on the Quality of Raw Milk” was carried out in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Post Graduate Institute, M.P.K.V., Rahuri. For this purpose in all 60 samples from two districts viz. Pune and Satara were collected, which comprises 20 each from milk producer, local vendor and private dairy collection centers. For undertaking the analysis standard adulteration detection kit of NDDB was used. After determination of samples, the milk samples were found positive for sugar, salt, glucose, urea and neutralizer. The extent of adulteration with sucrose and salt is 35% and 23.33%, respectively. The extent of adulteration varied with least percentage for urea (3.33%) and highest for sugar (35%). All examined cow milk samples from the investigated area are free from ammonium fertilizer, nitrate fertilizer, starch and hydrogen peroxide.ThesisItem Open Access DETERMINATION OF CALVING INTERVAL BY PATH ANALYSIS IN 5/8 GIR CROSSBRED COWS(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2014) GAWARE PRABHAKAR MADHUKAR; Khutal, B.B.The investigation entitled, “Determination of calving interval by path analysis in 5/8 Gir crossbred cows” was undertaken on the basis of records of 5/8 Gir crossbred cows maintained at Research Cum Development Project on Cattle, MPKV, Rahuri, M.S.(India) from 1994 to 2012. Least squares means of gestation period, service period, lactation length, dry period and calving period were worked out as suggested by Harvey (1990) by considering the effects of period of calving, season of calving and lactation order. Wherever the effects were significant, the means of various reproductive traits were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test as modified by Kramer(1957). The data were corrected for significant effects of season of calving, period of calving and lactation order, as per formula suggested by Gacula et al.(1968). By using the corrected data, correlation between reproductive traits and productive traits was worked out as per Snedecor and Cocharan (1968). The Path analysis as suggested by Wright (1921) establishing cause (lactation length, dry period, gestation period and service period ) and effect (i.e. calving interval ) relationship, in which the first step used was to partition the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects by path analysis was carried out The overall least squares mean of LL, DP, GP, SP and CI in 5/8 crossbred cows were 335.22 ± 4.14 days, 99.65 ± 4.67 days, 281.27±0.31 days, 154.62 ± 6.31 days and 434.06 ± 6.42 days respectively. The influence of season of calving on LL, DP, GP, SP and CI was non- significant. The influence of period of calving on LL was significant (P<0.05), while it was non- significant on DP, GP, SP and CI. The influence of lactation order on LL, DP, GP, SP and CI was non- significant. The correlation of calving interval with lactation length, dry period and service period was positive and highly significant (Tabler =0.1173). While the correlation of calving interval with gestation period was positive and non-significant. Information regarding direct and indirect relationship of different traits is important for multitrait selection of livestock.Path analysis of calving interval was done for 5/8 Gir crossbred cows. Calving interval is contributed by two reproductive components, viz., service period (SP) and gestation period (GP). Calving interval are also its two productive components, viz., lactation length (LL) and dry period (DP). The present study was an attempt to know the relative contribution of the productive and reproductive components in influencing the calving interval. The path analysis of calving interval by taking reproductive components revealed that service period explained the maximum variability, whereas the effect of gestation period was almost nil.ThesisItem Open Access DIRECT AND CORRELATED RESPONSE OF INDIVIDUAL SELECTION OF DECCANI SHEEP(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2017) BONGE HARIDAS BHIMRAO; Pachpute, S.T.The investigation entitled, “Direct and correlated response of individual selection of Deccani sheep” was undertaken at Network Project on Sheep Improvement, Deccani farm base unit, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (Maharashtra). The data on the growth traits of Deccani sheep for the investigation were collected from the History and Pedegree sheet maintained for the period from 2001 to 2015. The semi intensive system of management was followed at project. The animals were allowed to graze in morning hours. Concentrates are supplemented along with green and dry fodder.The newly born lambs were kept with dams in lambing pen for 15 days. All important management and health practices were followed on the farm. The analysis of data was made by using least squares technique as suggested by Harvey (1990) for estimate effect of different genetic and non- genetic factors. The effect of season of birth, period of birth, sex and sire on various growth traits were estimated. Estimated overall least square means for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age of Deccani sheep were 3.230.09, 12.710.06, 18.360.08, 21.240.09 and 23.880.09 kg, respectively. The effect of period of birth, season of birth, sex and sire were significant on body weight at all stages of growth. The estimates of heritability were 0.980.016, 0.1550.017, 0.3810.019, 0.4690.020 and 0.3730.019 for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among different traits were also estimated. The positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were obtained at various stages of growth. Highest direct and correlated response was observed at 9 months of age. The genetic improvement could be achieved by direct selection based on 9 months body weight in Deccani sheep.ThesisItem Open Access DIRECT AND CORRELATED RESPONSE TO INDIVIDUAL SELECTION IN PHULE TRIVENI(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2017) POL YASHODIP PANDURANG; Deokar, C.D.The data on first lactational and lifetime milk production traits of Phule Triveni cows maintained at R.C.D.P. on Cattle, M.P.K.V., Rahuri (Maharashtra) was collected and analysed by least squares technique (Harvey, 1990) to estimate the effect of period of birth, season of birth, period of calving and season of calving. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation, heritability, direct and correlated responce among the first lactation and lifetime production traits under study were also studied. The overall least squares mean for BW, AFC, 305DMY, TMY, LL, DP, SP, CI, MY/LL, MY/CI, NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL were 24.20 ± 0.33 kg, 962.12 ± 10.95 days, 2817.65 ± 27.87 kg, 3014.15 ± 31.06 kg, 332.60 ± 2.11 days, 113.14 ± 2.86 days, 166.19 ± 3.49 days, 446.09 ± 3.49 days, 9.08 ± 0.07 days, 7.10 ± 0.08 days, 4.64 ± 0.14, 2935.83 ± 80.71 days, 10182.90 ± 412.44 kg, 11674.21 ± 497.97 kg, 1325.31 ± 51.79 days, 9.32 ± 0.87 days and 4.03 ± 0.14 kg, respectively in Phule Triveni. The effect of period of birth on AFC and BW was significant (P<0.01). The effect of season of birth on AFC and BW was non-significant in Phule Triveni. The effect of period of calving on 305DMY, TMY, LL, MY/LL and MY/CI was significant (P<0.01) while it was non-significant on DP, SP, CI, NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL. The effect of season of calving on 305DMY was significant (P<0.01) while it was non-significant on TMY, LL, DP, SP, CI, MY/LL, MY/CI, NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL in Phule Triveni. The effect of sire on BW, 305DMY, TMY, DP, SP, CI, MY/LL, MY/CI, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM and MY/HL was significant (P<0.01) while it was non-significant on AFC, LL, NLC, and MY/TDM in Phule Triveni. Heritability for BW, AFC, 305DMY, TMY, LL, DP, SP, CI, MY/LL, MY/CI, NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL were 0.571 ± 0.03, 0.239 ± 0.06, 0.421 ± 0.08, 0.4195 ± 0.09, 0.338 ± 0.05, 0.251 ± 0.06, 0.554 ± 0.07, 0.457 ± 0.07, 0.453 ± 0.08, 0.519 ± 0.09, 0.276 ± 0.08, 0.120 ± 0.08, 0.361 ± 0.09, 0.273 ± 0.09, 0.441 ± 0.09, 0.145 ± 0.07 and 0.147 ± 0.08, respectively. The value of expected direct response to selection in lifetime traits for NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL were 0.080, 19.245 days, 299.434 kg, 270.807 kg, 44.539 days, 0.279 kg and 0.041 kg. The value of expected correlated response to selection in lifetime traits for NLC, HL, L305DMY, LTMY, TDM, MY/TDM and MY/HL were 0.0013 lactations, 0.0042 days, 0.0051 kg, 0.0065 kg, 0.0178 days, -0.0046 kg and 0.0036 kg, respectively. However, the genetic improvement by direct selection (direct response) in all the lifetime traits was higher than the indirect selection. These results do indicate that direct selection for lifetime traits should be made rather than indirect selection.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Age and Weight at First Calving on Reproduction and Production Performance of Phule Triveni Synthetic Cow(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2010) Nikam Rakesh Arun; Mandakmale, S.D.The data on reproduction and production of Phule Triveni synthetic cows maintained at R.C.D.P. on Cattle, M.P.K.V. Rahuri (Maharashtra) was collected and analyzed by least squares technique of Harvey, 1990 to estimate the effect of period of calving, season of calving, lactation order age at first calving and weight at first calving. The carrelations and regression among the traits under study were also studied.