Thesis

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop of India providing ample food calories and protein to the Indian population. Wheat is the second most important cereal crop after rice grown under diverse agro-climatic conditions. Imigation is vital input to increase agricultural production and especially wheat to keep pace with the food requirement of the ever increasing population. In arid and semi-arid zones of India, water has always been a constraint in crop production Water is limited resource and its availability is becoming increasingly scares Dwindling water resources and increasing food requirements require greater efficiency in water use, both in rainfed and in irrigated agriculture. Due to scarce water supply, innovations are needed to increase the efficiency of use of the water that is available. Deficit irrigation provides a means of reducing water consumption while minimizing adverse effects on yield Models can play a useful role in analysing several combinations of deficit irrigations and developing appropriate practical recommendations for optimizing crop production under conditions of scarce water supply Therefore, the study was undertaken with the objectives of studying the effect of stress of different quantity during different crop growth stages of wheat on its yield, calibrating the soil water balance crop growth model under semiarid conditions, developing the dated or stage wise production function and studying the effect of deficit imigation on the water allocation in unit command area.he field experiment was conducted to study the effect of deficit inigation during different crop growth stages of wheat on its yield at the Farm of Sorghum Improvement Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, during the year 2007-2008. In order to fulfill the objectives of the study twenty seven treatments consisting of stage wise combinations of different quantity of stress with two replications in randomized block design were included. The daily climatological data, layerwise soil moisture content before imigation, after irrigation and during irrigation at certain interval, root zone depth every twenty one days, grain yield and fodder yield were recorded. The effect of stress of different quantity during different crop growth stages i.e. vegetative, flowering and grain formation stage of wheat on its yield was studied. The yield data of treatments were statistically analysed for this purpose. SWAB-CRYB model was used for developing stage wise water production function. The maximum crop evapotranspiration i.e. evapotranspiration of no stress treatment Lc. TI and actual crop evapotranspiration i.c. evapotranspiration of treatments having sume stress i.e. T2 to T27 were estimated by simulating soil moisture content of the root zone with the help of the model. The ratios of Ya to Ym were calculated for the development of stage wise water production function; where Ym is maximum yield i.e. yield from treatment T1 and Ya is yield of treatments T2 to T27. The stage wise ratios of ETa to ETm were computed, where ETm is maximum evapotranspiration ie evapotranspiration from treatment T1 and ETa is actual evapotranspiration ie. evapotranspiration from treatments 12 to T27. Values of stage wise crop reduction factor (Ky) were obtained with the help of data given in form of stage wise (1-Ya/Ym) and (1-ETa/ETm). SWAB-CRYB model was run for different inigation schedules obtained by varying the irrigation interval (14 days and 21 days) and irrigation depth per irrigation from 30

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