Browsing by Author "Singh, Mandeep"
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ThesisItem Open Access Characterization Of Escherichia Coli Isolates From The Cases Of Calf Diarrhoea Using Polymerase Chain Reaction(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2004) Singh, Mandeep; Sandhu, K. S.The present study was undertaken to isolate Escherichia coli from calf diarrhoea cases and to study the role of different virulence factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. A total of 50 faecal samples from buffalo and cow calves showing signs of diarrhoea were collected from five organized dairy farms of Punjab and a detailed study for isolation, identification, serotyping, biotyping, antibiogram pattern and characterization of different virulence genes of E. coli isolates was carried out. E. coli were isolated from all the samples and were differentiated into 42 biotypes on the basis of biochemical tests. Out of 50 E. coli isolates 4 were rough, 1 was Maximum isolates belonged to serogroup 0101 (7) followed by 04 (5); 0127 (4); 09, 055, 073 (3 each); 01, 033, 0107, 0132 (2 each) and rest of the 12 serogroups were having a single isolate. Antibiogram pattern was conducted by using 30 different antibiotics, which revealed that fiirazolidone, clindamycin and cephadroxil were 100 per cent sensitive for all the isolates. A multiplex PCR based assay was carried out targeting 6 different virulence genes viz. stxl, stx2, eaeA, F41, K99 and Sta, based on which 50 isolates were classified into three categories i.e. STEC (VTEC) with 36 (72%) isolates, ETEC 10 (20%) and EPEC 2 (4%) isolates. It was observed that stx/ was the most common virulent gene in STEC (VTEC) followed by eaeA and there was a strong association between stx/ and eaeAThesisItem Open Access Interactive pharmacokinetic studies on oxytetracycline with Piper longum(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2001) Singh, Mandeep; Varshneya, C.ThesisItem Open Access Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations and Therapeutics of Cystic Ovaries in Repeat Breeding Dairy Cows(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2015) Singh, Mandeep; Honparkhe, MrigankThe study was conducted to investigate the metabolomic variations in cystic and normal pre-ovulatory follicular fluid by nuclear magnetic resonance technique and to assess comparative efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound guided cyst ablation with hormonal therapy for treating ovarian cysts in dairy cows. On the basis of history of prolonged estrus and nymphomania, 30 cows suffering from cystic ovarian follicle and 8 cows with normal preovulatory follicle were considered in the present study. A typical 1H NMR spectra of normal and cystic follicular fluid indicated that metabolites having variable importance in projections (VIP) score more than 2 were identified at chemical shifts (ppm) as acetate (1.98 ppm), UDP-G (5.62 ppm) and pyruvate (2.34 and 2.38 ppm). The VIP score analysis indicated that UDP-G was lower in cystic as compared to normal follicular fluid. Acetate and pyruvate were found higher in cystic as compared to normal follicular fluid. These metabolites have clearly identifiable peaks in one-dimensional (1D) spectra, and thus have diagnostic importance. Lactate and 3-hydroxy butyrate were detected at higher peaks in cystic follicular fluid. There were significant (P<0.05) higher concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in cystic follicular fluid as compared to those in normal preovulatory follicular fluid (18.88±2.84 ng /ml and 626.66±136.2 pg/ml vs 7.13±2.17 ng/ml and 215.75±16.04 pg/ml respectively). On the basis of treatment, the cows were divided in two groups randomly as Group 1 (Ablation group; n=15) and Group 2 (CIDR based Ovsynch group; n=15). In Group 1, following cyst ablation, most of the cows (80%) showed spontaneous estrus of normal duration within 9-33 days (21.75±2.04 days). In Group 2, following CIDR removal and PGF administration, 86.66% cows exhibited estrus between 24-96 hrs followed by ovulation between 12-48 hrs. The pregnancy rates in Group 1 and 2 turned out to be 33.33% and 38.46%, respectively. In conclusion, NMR investigations of cystic follicular fluid revealed metabolomic variations than normal preovulatory follicular fluid and UDP-G could be used as potential biomarkers in further studies. The trans-vaginal ultrasound guided cyst ablation can be used as an alternative to hormones for the treatment of cystic ovary in repeat breeding dairy cowsThesisItem Open Access Studies on pig management practices vis a vis production and reproductive efficiency in different zones of Punjab(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2014) Singh, Mandeep; Sharma, R KThe study was undertaken to know the different pig production management practices, pig performance under different farm sizes and effect of management practices and their effect on production and reproductive efficiency in two agro climatic zones of Punjab. 50 piggery farms were selected from each agro climatic zone. Majority of the farmers (87%) in Punjab were rearing pigs in smaller groups (<15 pigs/pen) and they provided sufficient floor area to them. At 73% farms had provision of guard rails. At About 86 percent of farms deworming is performed. 63% farmers were rearing pigs on a combination of kitchen waste, concentrate ration and industrial by-products. 50 % of the farmers used to detect the heat by just observing heat signs. Majority of the farmers were rearing one boar for each 10 breedable sows. About 73% farmers isolated pregnant sows from rest of the herd more than a week from expected date of farrowing. 83% farmers in the present study provided water for the animals to reduce heat stress by making some open space of the pen lower than the plinth level. 85% farmers had combination of facilities like heaters and bulbs, while 36 per cent of the farmers used bulbs only as a source of heat to reduce winter stress.The smaller the herd size, the greater was the weaning age. The Pearson correlation coefficient between herd size and weaning age was -0.413 (P <0.01). The overall age at first mating was 7.94±0.98 months. The overall litter size recorded in the present study was 9.56±1.37. Age of the sow at first mating was significantly (P< 0.05) lower (7.59±0.90 months) than that of medium and small sized farms. The overall average number of days a sow required to come in heat after farrowing was14.22±9.12 days. The overall age and weight of pigs at sale were 10.27±1.39 months and 94.32±15.51 Kg, respectively. In this study higher the education level of the farmer better were the management practices and higher was production as well as reproductive performance of the animals