Browsing by Author "Sarathchandra, G."
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ArticleItem Open Access Acrylamide In Potato Chips, Its Formation, Reduction And Identification: A Review(2016-04) Gaikwad, Kalyani Y.; Athmaselvi, K.A.; Sarathchandra, G.; TANUVASAclylamide is a chemical compound that can be produced at high levels in carbohydrate and aspargine rich foods when treated at high temperatures. The risks of acrylamide to health and its toxic properties [neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity) were demonstrated by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment in 2001. Potato and bakery products account for around 50% and 20% of human exposure to aciylamide, respectively. Factors affecting acrylamide formation and degradation in foods are acrylamide precursors such as free amino acids [mainly asparagine), reducing sugars and processing conditions (i.e. baking time and temperature, moisture content of product). The aim of this article is to aware people and makes them familiarize with detoxifying methods to reduce the level of acrylamide in products.ArticleItem Open Access Acute toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus : An indigenous poisonous plant in Cavia procellus(1998) Sarathchandra, G.; Balakrishnamurthy, P.; TANUVASCleistanthus collinus, a highly toxic plant is commonly implicated in suicidal and homicidal poisoning. Acute impact of C. collinus on glutathione and ATPase was investigated in guinea pig, Cauia pracellus. Aqueous extract of C. collinus leaf was administered orally at 24 h LD50 dose (316 mg/kg). There was a significant concomittant depletion of glutathione and ATPase inhibition in vital organs. The toxic pertubation of C. collinus is attributed to thiol/thiol dependent enzyme inhibition.OtherItem Open Access Amelioration of aflatoxicosis using toxin binders in dairy cattle(2016) Sarathchandra, G.; Korgaonkar, I.A.ArticleItem Open Access Analysis of Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxigenic mold in commercial poultry feeds in Tamil Nadu, India(2017) Sireesha, Y.; Keerthana, J. Vimal; Sarathchandra, G.; Velazhahan, R.; TANUVASA total of 48 commercial poultry feed samples collected from different poultry feed manufactures in Tamil Naclu, India were examined for the contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Aspergillus flavus. AFB1 in the samples was estimated by sandwich ELISA and the presence of A. flavus was detected by Real-Time PCR assay. Real-Time PCR analysis using A. flavus- specific omt primers confirmed the presence of A. flavus in all the samples tested.ArticleItem Open Access Analysis of feed samples for aflatoxin B1 contamination by HPTLC - a validated method(Int. J. Curr. Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2013) Ramesh, J.; Sarathchandra, G.; Sureshkumar, V.; TANUVASHigh performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed and validated according to the protocol on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, Veterinary International Cooperation on Harmonization (VICH) with respect to linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy for determination of aflatoxin B1 in feed. Chromatography was performed on thin layer chromatography (TLC) silica gel 60F254, aluminum sheets by Camag Linomat-5 applicator, with mobile phase condition acetone : chloroform (1 : 9). Analysis of feed samples, for aflatoxin B1 was carried by HPTLC method. Extraction of aflatoxin was done as per AOAC method with screening by TLC and quantification by HPTLC using reference standards. Out of 59 samples of feed analysed by HPTLC, 47 samples were positive for Aflatoxin B1 representing 79.66% with a concentration of 25.53±5.31ppb (mean±S.E.). In the present study, the Limit of detection by HPTLC was 0.5 ppb.ArticleItem Open Access Antibiotic residue screening of milk samples using microbial inhibition assay: A preliminary study(2018) Sophila, J Ruth; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Kumanan, K.; Sarathchandra, G.; Vairamuthu, S.; TANUVASA preliminary study was conducted to detect the presence of antibiotic residue in milk samples collected in and around Chennai using the microbial inhibition assay with freeze dried vegetative form of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. All the samples were found to be negative for antibiotic residues. Before field testing, the LOD of the commonly used antibiotics namely Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Neomycin and Oxytetracycline was determined to be 50, 25,100 and 25 ppb respectively This was much lower than the MRLs for each antibiotic indicating that it is a sensitive assay. The assay would be useful for screening bulk samples as a qualitative test before the confirmatory test using HPLC.ArticleItem Open Access Anticoccidial drug resistance in chicken coccidiosis and promising solutions: A review(2017) Sundar, S.T. Bino; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Latha, Bhaskaran Ravi; Sarathchandra, G.; Senthilkumar, T.M.A.; TANUVASCoccidiosis is one of the major disease of chicken caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria and anticoccidial drugs play a major role in combating this disease both therapeutically and prophyactically. Extensive use of anticoccidials has led to the development of anticoccidial drug resistance. This review article focuses on the evolution of anticoccidial drug resistance, types of resistance, factors favouring development of resistance, mechanisms of development of resistance, indices for detection of resistance and solutions and alternate approaches to overcome the problem of anticoccidial drug resistance.ArticleItem Open Access Application of HACCP to Mycotoxin Control(TANUVAS, 2010-09) Sarathchandra, G.; Ramesh, J.; Sureshkumar, V.; TANUVASOtherItem Open Access Assessment of Microbial and Aflatoxin Levels in Paneer(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-12) Peter, Ankita; Sarathchandra, G.; Geetha, P.Paneer is an Indian traditional milk product which occupies an important place as a base product for the production of various culinary preparations. An attempt was made to evaluate the microbial and toxicity levels of paneer marketed in Chennai city. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial contamination as well as aflatoxin content in paneer. For this purpose, 10 samples were collected that were available in the city.ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Aflatoxin Levels of Paneer Marketed in Chennai, India(2015-04) Peter, A.; Sarathchandra, G.; Manimehalai, N.; Athmaselvi, K.A.; TANUVASIndia is an agrarian country with major proportion o/“population as vegetarian so paneer is of great value in diet with respect to its food and nutritive value. An attempt was made to evaluate the microbial and toxicity levels of paneer marketed in Chennai city. For this purpose, 40 samples were collected from the supermarket located in South and North Chennai. Standard methods were used for both microbiological assessment and aflatoxin identification. All samples were analyzed for presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aureginous, Staphylococcus aureus, total bacterial count and total yeast and mould count.ArticleItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF THE OCCURRENCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS AND FEED INGREDIENTS(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2021-09) Raghu, D.; Senthilkumar, R.P.; Srinivasan, M.R.; Jaikanth, C.M.; Sarathchandra, G.; TANUVASMycotoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic toxic metabolites that are known to cause detrimental effect on the health of animals consuming its contaminated feed. The objective of this study was to study the seasonal occurrence of mycotoxins, aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2), citrinin, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in feed and feed ingredients submitted to Pharmacovigilance Laboratory for Animal Feed and Food Safety (PLAFFS). A total of 412 samples which included feed (289) and feed ingredients (123) received during 2019-2020 were analyzed using thin layer chromatographic method. Among the 249 positive samples, the incidence of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin G1 &G2, citrinin and ochratoxin A were 85.54%, 14.06%, 1.2%, 20.08%, 3.21% and 2.41% respectively and the concentration of these mycotoxins ranged between 1.14 to 899.78 μg kg-1. Only few samples were contaminated with aflatoxin G1 & G2, Ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin. Seasons had an influence on the mycotoxin contamination and the highest incidence was detected during winter, whereas, Citrinin and T-2 toxin were maximum at monsoon and summer respectively. Regular monitoring of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed is essential to prevent the entry of mycotoxins in the food chain.OtherItem Open Access Assessmet of Microbial and Aflatoxin Contamination In Multigrain Flour Samples(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-12) Rath, Sonali; Sarathchandra, G.; Ramesh, J.; Athmaselvi, K.A.; Manimehali, N.A study was conducted on market samples of multigrain flour procured locally from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, to assess microbial and aflatoxin contamination in 40 different samples to ensure food safety. The microbial analysis was done for the detection of Salmonella spp., E.coli, and fungi (yeast and mould) by pour plate method.ArticleItem Open Access Chemical Disaster and its impact on Livestock and its Management(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2018-09) Sarathchandra, G.; TANUVASAny occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area - (WHO).ArticleItem Open Access Cloning and expression of Vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus(2020) Kumari, C Sworna; Meenambigai, TV; Mangalagowri, A.; Palanisamy, A.; Sarathchandra, G.; TANUVASThe VP2 protein of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hvIBDV) was cloned and expressed in pRSET A vector with high level of protein expression. VP2 is the host protective protein with major neutralizing epitopes was cloned and expressed in E. coli expression system BL21- DE3. The protein expression was evaluated by induction studies with IPTg and characterized by SDS PAGE and western blotting analysis. Thus, the present study focusing on expression of the immunodominant VP2 protein that may be used as a protein boost in DNA vaccine production strategy for enhanced immunity against IBDV infection in chickens in the near future.ArticleItem Open Access Comparison of different pheromone dispensers in luring Musca domestica towards delta trap(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2019-05) Binosundar, S.T.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Latha, Bhaskaran Ravi; Sarathchandra, G.; Senthilkumar, T.M.A.; TANUVASThe housefly sex pheromone (Z)-9-tricosene was impregnated into different pheromone dispensers (septa, plastic and polythene) and their efiicacy in luring Muscadomestica towards red acrylic delta trap was studied. Out of the 514 house flies trapped (Z) -9- tricosene when impregnated in circular plastic green lure attracted the maximum number of flies (165), followed by polyvial (132), silicone septa (111) and rubber septa (79) whereas the least number of flies was attracted with rectangular plastic dispenser (27).ArticleItem Open Access Coupling Gas Chromatography to Mass Spectrometry(TANUVAS, 2010-09) Sarathchandra, G.; Ramesh, J.; Sureshkumar, V.; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access DESIGNING AND FIELD EVALUATION OF LURE AND KILL TRAPS FOR THE HOUSE FLY MUSCA DOMESTICA(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2017) Sundar, S.T. Bino; Harikrishnan, T.J.; TANUVAS; Latha, Bhaskaran Ravi; Sarathchandra, G.; Senthilkumar, T.M.A.Lure-and-kill traps using attractant baits and pheromone (Z)-9-tricosene were fabricated and field tested to trap Musca domestica. Bioassay using single cage dual port olfactometer for food bait preference in house flies revealed fish meal to be most attractive followed by molasses and sugar in both “no choice” and “choice” bioassay.ArticleItem Open Access DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN CORN FLOUR USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY(2015) Baranitharan, K.; Sarathchandra, G.; Manimehalai, N.; Athmaselvi, K.A.; Padmavati, R.; TANUVASAflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins and secondary metabolites of various species of Aspergillus. Atlatoxins cause important health problems and have high potential effect on liver cancer. There are various forms of aflatoxins including I31, B1, G1, G1, M1 and M1 types. Aflatoxin Bi is most commonly seenin corn, groundnut than in othcr crops. The aim of this work is to determine the contamination levels in the local and branded corn flour that are marketed in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 40 samples were collected from retail outlets and super markets located in the study area. The Romar’s all-purpose method were used for the extraction of total aflatoxins. I-IPLC was used for the separation process. Out of 40 samples 23 samples (57.5%) have shown positive for aflatoxin (35% samples have shown positive for Gt, 5% samples have shown positive for G1, 50% samples have shown positive for B|, 32.5% samples have shown positives for B2). The overall results of tested samples indicated that contamination of corn flour with Bi type aflatoxin was very high.