Browsing by Author "Ramesh, Geetha"
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ArticleItem Open Access AGE RELATED CHANGES IN CAPSULE AND PARENCHYMA OF THYMUS IN INDIAN BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)(1997) Ramesh, Geetha; Vijayaragavan, C; TANUVASThe histological observations were made on the thymus of Indian buffaloes of different age groups. In foetuses, the capsule and trabeculae consisted mainly of collagenous connective tissue. There was a proportionate increase of connective tissue in the postnatal calves which was replaced by adipose tissue in adult buffaloes. The parenchyma consisted of cortex and medulla and their extent varied among the age groups studied. Involutory changes were more in the adult buffaloes.OtherItem Open Access Age Related Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ Cells in Spleen and Thymus of Layer Chicken(TANUVAS, 2010) Kannan, T.A.; Ramesh, Geetha; Ushakumary, S.; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Vairamuthu, S.; Raja, A.ArticleItem Open Access Age related changes in histomorphology of the spleen of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(2005-12) Venkatesan, S; Ramesh, Geetha; Vijayaragavan, C; TANUVASThe thickness of the capsule in Japanese quails was found to be increased as the age advanced. In day-old birds, the parenchyma was not differentiated into red pulp and white pulp. The dominant cell type of the spleen was small to medium sized lymphocytes. In two week-old birds, the white pulp was represented by a sheath of lymphocytes in the place of adventitial layer of central arteries. The development of white pulp was completed in four weeks and it was seen as follicles and sheath of lymphocytes around the arteries. The gennlnal centres were present in all the birds aged above four weeks. They were numerous in sixth and eighth week-old birds and decreased in tenth and twelfth week-old birds. The ellipsoids were evenly distributed throughout the white pulp in two week-old birds. But they were more concentrated around the germinal centre in birds of above four weeks. The red pulp was distributed throughout the parenchyma in day-old birds. In the rest of the age groups, they were obsenred as typical venous sinuses and cellular cords.PresentationItem Open Access Age related changes in microanatomical features of the stomach in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)(2020-02) Raja, K; Ushakumary, S; Rajathi, S; Kannan, TA; Satyamoorthy, OR; Ramesh, Geetha; TANUVASThe present work was conducted on the stomach of guinea pigs from neonate to adults (0-2 wks, 2-8 wks, 8-16 wks and 16-32 wks ) to study the histological changes in three regions of stomach. In the present study Tunica mucosa of cardiac region was lined by Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with visible stratum granulosum. The mucous membrane of fundic and pyloric parts of the stomach was lined by simple columnar epithelium. Simple tubular cardiac glands were lined mainly by mucous cells along with few parietal cells, enterochromaffin and undifferentiated cells. In fundic glands mucous cells and parietal cells were predominantly in both upper and lower half of the glands where as chief cells and enteroendocrine cells were predominantly occupied in the lower half of the fundic glands. Pyloric glands were simple branched tubular glands were lined by mucous acinar cells. Tunica muscularis of cardiac region comprised of skeletal and smooth muscle fibres whereas other two regions were comprised of smooth muscle fibres. The mean thickness of tunica mucosa was the maximum in fundic region and the minimum in pyloric region The mean thickness of tunica muscularis externa was the maximum in cardiac region and the minimum in pyloric region.ArticleItem Open Access Age Related Changes in T Cell Subsets in Thymus and Spleen of Layer Chicken (Gallus domesticus)(Int. J. Curr. Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2017) Kannan, T.A.; Ramesh, Geetha; Ushakumari, S.; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Vairamuthu, S.; TANUVASFlowcytometric analysis of T lymphocyte subset viz., CD and CD8 cells in spleen and thymus was done in Nandanam layer chicken of different age groups ranging from day-old to forty weeks. . In spleen, the mean CD4 and CD8 population was found to be the highest at day one and lowest at twenty weeks of age. However, an increase in both the T cell population was detected at forty weeks. Among the two cell types studied, CD8 cells were always higher than the CD4 cells, with significant difference (P<0.05) at day one. The distribution pattern of CD4 and CD8 cells in thymus was slightly different from that of spleen. Thymus had more CD4 cells on day one followed with twelve weeks of age. In contrast, CD8 cells were more on twelve weeks followed with day one. The CD4 and CD8 cell populations were lowest in four weeks of age. A distinct difference was observed in the ratio of CD4 and CD8 cells in the spleen and thymus at different age. At day one the ratio was less in spleen and high in the thymus. However, at eight weeks of age, CD4 cell ratio was high in spleen and low in thymus. Nevertheless, the ratio narrowed down at forty weeks of age.ArticleItem Open Access Age Related Changes in the Histoarchitecture of Seminiferous Epithelium in Mice(Int. J. Curr. Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2017) Kaavya, R.; Basha, Sabiha Hayath; Vairamuthu, S.; Ramesh, Geetha; William, B. Justin; TANUVASIn the present study, the histoarchitecture of seminiferous epithelium of testis in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal mice were observed. Mice belonging to the age three days post-partum to eight weeks were used. The histological observation of the testes up to six days post- partum in the present study showed that the semeniferous epithelium was made up of two distinct cell types’ viz., gonocytes and sertoli cells. At day eight postpartum, both Type A and Type B spermatogonia were observed on the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. After ten days post-partum, primary spermatocytes were observed in two to four layers next to spermatogonial layer. Both the age groups showed the presence of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. In addition to these cellular populations, testes of post-pubertal age groups showed secondary spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids.ArticleItem Open Access AGE RELATED CHANGES OF THE ADRENAL GLAND IN JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(TANUVAS, 2009-09) Basha, Sabiha.H.; Kannan, T.A.; Ramesh, Geetha; TANUVASThe age changes in the histomorphology of the adrenal gland was recorded in different age groups of Japanese quail viz. Juvenile, immature, mature and senile birds of about 156 weeks of age. The tissues were collected from the above age groups, fixed in NBF, Bouin’s fluid and Orth fluid and processed by paraffin embedding technique. The adrenal gland of juvenile age group showed a well defined interrenal tissue and the chromaffin tissue. The interrenal tissue of the adrenal gland in one week old birds formed distinct loops in the periphery and cell cords in the inner portion of the gland.ArticleItem Open Access Age Related Gross Anatomical and Biometrical Observation on Mammary Glands of Sheep(2010-06) Paramasivan, S.; Ramesh, Geetha; Ushakumary, S.; TANUVASTho Gross anatomical studies on the mammary gland were conducted on prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and dry age groups of Madras Red sheep. The mammary gland was under developed grossly in prepubertal animal.ArticleItem Open Access Age Related Morphmetrical Observations on Hypophysis Cerebri of Madras Red Sheep(2010-12) Paramasivan, S.; Ramesh, Geetha; Ushakumary, S.; TANUVASThe gross anatomical studies on the hypophysis cerebri were conduct on prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and dry age groups of Madras Red sheep. Gross biometrical parameters of hypophysis cerebri were recorded in all the age groups. ln prepubertal, pubertal and dry animals, the pituitary gland was irregularly triangular but in pregnant and lactating sheep it was an oval or round structure.ArticleItem Open Access Alternatives to Animal Experimentation 3R's Concepts - An Overall View(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2003-07) Kumary, S. Usha; Ramesh, Geetha; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access ANATOMIC EVALUATION OF HEART USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND RADIOGRAPHY IN INDIGENOUS BREEDS OF DOGS(2018) Bhargavi, S; Kannan, TA; Ramesh, Geetha; Sumathi, D; Arun Prasad, A; TANUVASAnatomic evaluation of heart using Two-dimensional echocardiography and radiography was done in 12 apparently healthy Rajapalayam dogs (young – 6; adult – 6) and 12 Chippiparai (young – 6; adult – 6) dogs. On radiographic examination, the heart was located obliquely in the middle mediastinal space from third to seventh intercostal space in both Rajapalayam and Chippiparai dogs. Shape of the heart was found to be narrow, tall and slightly upright in Chippiparai dogs and was globular, more obliquely placed in Rajapalayam dogs.ThesisItem Open Access Anatomy of the Eyeball in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2001) Venkatesan, S.; TANUVAS; Ramesh, GeethaThesisItem Open Access Anatomy of the Heart in Pigs (Sus domesticus)(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2002) Sathyamoorthy, O.R.; TANUVAS; Ramesh, GeethaOtherItem Open Access Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Intercarpal Ligament Pathology in Seven Horses(TANUVAS, 2006-06) Halder, Samar; Kumar, R. Suresh; Nagarajan, L.; Balachandran, C.; Ramesh, Geetha; Ramanathan, A.ArticleItem Open Access Arthroscopic Evaluation of Intercarpal Ligaments in Horses(Indian Journal of Animal Health, 2005) Halder, Samar; Kumar, R. Suresh; Nagarajan, L.; Balachandran, C.; Ramesh, Geetha; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access Arthroscopic Partial Synovectomy And Joint Lavage In The Treatment Of Septic Arthritis In Bovines(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2007) Ramanathan, A; TANUVAS; Kumar, R. Suresh; Ayyappan, S; Balachandran, C; Ramesh, GeethaThirty six clinical cases of bovines with septic arthritis were randomly divided into three groups of 12 animals each and treated by conventional lavage (group I), arthroscopic fibrin debridement and lavage (group II) and arthroscopic debridement, partial synovectomy and lavage (group III). The incidence of septic arthritis was more frequent in crossbred, heifer calves as a sequela to omphalophlebitis. A mean lameness score of 3.58, 3.67 and 3.83 observed on day 1 decreased to 1.83, 1.17 and 1.00 on the 10 th day in group I, II and III respectively. The purulent or turbid synovial fluid observed on day 1 became clear and viscous on day 14 in 23.81, 90.48 and 100 per cent samples of group I, II and III respectively. Significantly increased synovial fluid volume and total protein content recorded on day 1 returned to its normal value on day 21 in group I and on day 14 in both group II and III. The raised synovial fluid alkaline phosphatase activity, serum and synovial fluid glucose difference, total nucleated cell count noted on day 1 returned to their base value on days 28, 21 and 14 in group I, II and III respectively. Synovial fluid culture was positive in 58.73 per cent of joints and the bacteria isolated were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. A combination of amikacin and penicillin or ampicillin provided broad-spectrum coverage against majority of the bacterial isolates.Soft tissue swelling, increased joint space, intra-articular gas shadow and subchondral osteolysis were the salient radiographic findings. Hyperaemia, petechial haemorrhage, degeneration/necrosis in synovial membrane, thickening and clubbing of villi, articular cartilage erosion, and fibrin deposits or free floating fibrin clots were the major arthroscopic findings. Fibrin deposits and bacterial colonies in synovial membrane and articular cartilage were the major histological changes. The outcome was sound, acceptable and unacceptable respectively in 66.67, 14.28 and 19.05 percent joints of group I animals whereas it was sound in 95.24 per cent joints and acceptable in 4.76 percent joints of both groups II and III. The mean time taken for resolution of joint infection was 18.11, 13.33 and 11.13 days in group I, II and III respectively. It is concluded that arthroscopy permits thorough evaluation, appropriate debridement and effective lavage of septic joints with minimal tissue trauma and offers consistently good results in the management of septic arthritis in bovines than conventional lavage. Partial synovectomy is recommended during arthroscopic debridement of septic joints to eliminate colonizing bacteria and as it helps to shorten the recovery period. Needle lavage is recommended for cases that are presented within 5 to 6 days after infection and arthroscopy for cases presented 7 days or more after onset of clinical signs and those which were refractory to conventional treatment.ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of Internalisation of Iron in the MIRB Labelled Ovine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells(2016-06) Gnanadevi, R; Ramesh, Geetha; Kannan, TA, et al.,; TANUVASPlates of ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells(BMMSCs) were used from passage 4 to passage 6 for the present study. Internalized MIRB was observed after 72 hours of incubation in the cultured BMMSCs. The MIRB labelled cells showed decreased intensity when subcultured. The quantity of iron per cell was found to be 16.5 to 18.1 pg in BMMSCs.ArticleItem Open Access Basophils of Pars Distalis Adenohypophysis in Madras Red Sheep (Ovis aries) – Histology with Reference to Various Age Groups(2017-02) Paramasivan, S.; Ramesh, Geetha; TANUVASHistophysiological study of pituitary gland was conducted on Madras red sheep to record the age related changes. The pars distalis adenohypophysis comprised of cells arranged in irregular cords, grouped as acidophils, basophils and chromophobes. The basophils were round, oval and irregularly polygonal cells with distinct cell boundaries observed as 4 variants. The type I basophils were angular or polygonal cells stained intensely with aniline blue both in Mallory’s triple stain and Mallory’s Azan technique. Type II basophils were oval, polygonal in shape packed with course granules and showed strong PAS reaction. Type III basophils were oval or round cells, purple to violet in acid fuchsin and aniline blue preparations. These were aldehyde fuchsin negative and showed a mild PAS reactivity as compared to type II basophils. Type IV basophils were irregularly oval to elongate in shape with their processes extended through the neighbouring cells, moderately PAS positive but strongly positive for lead Haematoxylin. The number of basophils ranged from 862 ± 52.98 cells/mm2 in lactating animals upto 1428 ± 83.14 cells/mm2 in pubertal animals. The increased basophils during pubertal age groups of sheep indicated that the activity of FSH and LH cell that contributed the hormones required for the estrous cycles.