Browsing by Author "Puvarajan, B"
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ArticleItem Open Access Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Equine Wounds - A Retrospective Study(2019) Puvarajan, B; Senthilkumar, S; Lurthu Reetha, T; Manickam, R; TANUVASA retrospective study of bacterial wound infections and its therapeutic management through laboratory based antimicrobial susceptibility tests in dancing and racing equines was carried out. In the study, six species of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated using standard microbial protocols. S. aureus and S. epidermidis were the most prevalent bacteria contributing 45.25 percent and other species were E. coli (23.5 percent), Pseudomonas sp.(11.5 percent) and Klebsiella sp. (8 percent), Clostridium sp. (6.5 percent) and Streptococcus sp. (5.3 percent) respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity tests (ABST) were carried out employing various antibiotics and of which Oxytetracycline and Penicillin were found to be resistant with MAR index ranging from 8-23.8 percent. The wounds were treated based on ABST and effectiveness in healing was improved by prompt antibiotic selection. The skin wounds and injuries flared up owing to poor practices such as improper saddle hygiene, inappropriate operative care after gelding and neglected medical attention in curing the wounds which should be considered.ArticleItem Open Access ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE LEVEL OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM DOGS WITH OTITIS EXTERNA(TANUVAS, 2019-10) Manickam, R; Lurthu Reetha, T; Puvarajan, B; TANUVASThe purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa. A total of 36 bacterial samples were evaluated for susceptibility towards 10 antimicrobial agents. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests show that the bacterial isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and neomycin. Resistance was most common to penicillin G, oxacillin and ampicillin. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates, S.intermedius was susceptible to enrofloxacin (90.90%), gentamicin (100%), cephalothin (90.90%) and neomycin (81.81%). Coagulase positive S. aureus (CPS)isolates presented more or less the same susceptibility pattern.ArticleItem Open Access Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus for Thermonuclease gene (nuc) in Bovine Affected with Mastitis from Cauvery Delta Region of Tamilnadu, India(2019-08) Manickam, R; Lurthu Reetha, T; Puvarajan, B; TANUVASAmong the various mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is identified as a chief etiological agent responsible for subclinical and chronic mastitis. Samples were collected from the clinically affected cattle showing typical symptoms of mastitis. 156 samples were screened by clinical symptoms specific for mastitis from the delta region of Tamilnadu. On the basis of cultural and biochemical properties, 52 isolates were presumptively identified as S. aureus. These 52 isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test, for which 15 antibiotic discs were used. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the used antibiotics of the 52 Staphylococcal isolates revealed maximum resistance for pencillin-G (90%), ampicillin (83%), erythromycin (60%), terramycin (54%), Ampicillin/ Cloxacillin (47%) and cotrimaxazole (46%). whereas, the isolates were highly sensitive to chloramphenical (84%), enrofloxacin (75%), ofloxacin (61%), ceftriaxone (45%), and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (50%). All the isolates were susceptible to Vancomycin (100%). Intermediate pattern was observed in ceftrioxone (14%), ofloxacin (40%) and gentamicin (30%). These 52 isolates were genotypically identified as S. aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for species specific thermonuclease gene (nuc). Amplification for thermonuclease (nuc) gene was observed in 52 solates. The amplified products were of nearly 279 bp when resolved in gel electrophoresis. The phenotypic and genotypic findings of the present study might help to understand the distribution of prevalent S. aureus infection in the dairy farms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern will help to choose most appropriate antibiotic, hence help to adopt appropriate strategies for the management and control of bovine mastitis. KeywordsPresentationItem Open Access Assessment of microbial load with special reference to Clostridium difficile from mutton and chevon samples and the antimicrobial pattern of retail outlets of Orathanadu region, Tamil Nadu(2020-02) Puvarajan, B; Lurthu Reetha, T; Balakrishnan, S; Manickam, R; TANUVASA study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Clostridial infections of food animals with special reference to Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic, spore forming, rod shaped bacterium frm January2017to December 2018. Eighty nine (89) chevon and Seventy eight(78) mutton samples procured from meat retail outlets of Orathanadu region of Tamil Nadu were analyzed for the bacteriological examination of Clostridium species and the 52 isolates of each were subjected to Gram-staining, catalase test, API 20A sugar fermentation profiles and antibiotic sensitivity test (ABST)..The presence of C. difficile in chevon and mutton samples were identified by conventional bacteriological examination and Clostridium difficile was isolated in 23 out of 89 (29.2%) in chevon and 29 out of 78 (37.1%) mutton. The antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted and found that the isolates were susceptible to Cefotaxim (82.5%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (81.3%), Ceftriaxone (79.3%) and Enrofloxacin (77.9%), whereas resistant to Gentamicin (87.0%),Tetracycline( 81.4%), Penicillin (72.5%) and Ciprofloxacin(73.5%). Keeping in mind the food safety, the presence of toxigenic C. difficile isolates in goat meat and sheep meat emphasizes the need for implementataion of screening of Clostridial organisms thereby safeguarding the human health as well as animal health.OtherItem Open Access Azadirachta Indica and Curcuma Longa for the Treatment of Pigeon Pox(TANUVAS, 2010) Muruganandan, B; Rani, R. Uma; Puvarajan, BArticleItem Open Access Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Anaplasmosis in Caprines(TANUVAS, 2018) Puvarajan, B; Ronald, BSM; Lurtha Reetha, T; Selvaraj, P; TANUVASThe study was undertaken to understand the prevalence of Anaplasmosis in caprine population, its diagnosis, hematological values and its management. A total of 65 blood smears were collected from goats and 20 were confirmed for Anaplasmosis by staining with Giemsa-Leishman cocktail combination. The affected caprines had history of severe anemia with pale mucous membrane with watery blood. The prevalence of Anaplasma marginale was confirmed and correlated with hematological values of infected goats such as packed cell volume 22.85+ 0.80%; hemoglobin - 6.70+0.14 g/dl; red blood cell count -6.72 + 0.40 x 106/μl; leukocyte count -11.58 + 0.38 x 103/μl; MCV -35.73 + 1.39 fl; MCH -10.58 + 0.33 pg and MCHC -28.70 + 0.77 g/dl.ArticleItem Open Access Concurrent infestation with Basilia roylii and Cimex hemipterus in a greater Asiatic yellow bat (Scotophilus heathi)(2020) Jeyathilakan, N; Puvarajan, B; Divya, B; Manoharan, S; TANUVASThe present communication deals with concurrent infestation of a fly and bug in a greater Asiatic yellow bat (Scotophilus heathi) from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. The injured bat, on external examination revealed the presence of three flies and one bug specimen. The flies were identified as female Basilia roylii belonging to the family Nycteribiidae and the bug as female Cimex hemipterus belonging to the family Cimicidae. This study is the first to establish the concurrent infection of nycteribiid fly and cimicid bug in Scotophilus heathi from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu.ArticleItem Open Access Curvularia dermatomycosis in a goat: Tamil Nadu, India(2018) Ponnuswamy, P; Lurthu Reetha, T; Ronald, BSM; Puvarajan, B; Manickam, R; TANUVASA 2 year old female nondescript goat was presented with the history of skin infections such as reddening, crusty and darkened areas. Samples were randomly collected from affected areas aseptically for microbiological examination. Macroscopic and Microscopic examination of colony on sabouraud's dextrose agar revealed cottony and dark brown coloured colony. The reverse is brown to brownish-black in colour.ArticleItem Open Access Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus in Cutaneous Lesions by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Cattle(2020-04) Lurthu Reetha, T; Manickam, R; Puvarajan, B; TANUVASBovine papillomavirus (BPV) causes benign tumours in the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium and is characterized by the presence of warts. The present study includes the molecular identification of BPV strains in samples of warts using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers FAP59/64. Wart samples were collected from the cattle having typical lesions on various parts of the body. The present study showed that PCR amplification with the primers FAP59/64, which partially amplify the L1 gene and showed the 470bp amplicon size, indicating BPV. The results in this study are important for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic measures that contribute to reducing the economic losses associated with BPV.ArticleItem Open Access Detection of Mycoplasma gallinaceum by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from respiratory disease in village chickens(2018) Ponnuswamy, P; Lurthu Reetha, T; Ronald, BSM; Puvarajan, B; Manickam, R; TANUVASIn the present study, Mycoplasma gallinaceum was detected by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene from chronic respiratory disease in village chickens of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Necropsy was performed to find out the etiological agent in desi birds mortality. At necropsy, airsacculitis with caseous exudate were found in the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Caseous material from airsacs was collected aseptically from dead birds for detection of Mycoplasma species. DNA was extracted from caseous material by using tissue DNA extraction kit. PCR was carried out using primers to amplify 16S rRNA gene belonging to Mycoplasma species. The amplified product yielded approximately 700-bp length (703 to 713 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene specific for Mycoplasma species. Further, it was subjected to sequence analysis and confirmed as Mycoplasma gallinaceum by NCBI blast analysis. In the present communication, detection of M. gallinaceum by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful tool for rapid diagnosis.PresentationItem Open Access Development of swift diagnostic PCR Assay for molecular detection of Clostridium novyi type B in cattle(2020-02) Puvarajan, B; Lurthu Reetha, T; Selvaraj, J; Manickam, R; TANUVASClostridium novyi type B causes infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) in sheep and less frequently in other species of livestock. A 7 year old Gir cow after postmortem examination revealed icterus with large amount of serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity and the liver samples were received for bacteriological examination and was subjected to anerobic cultivation followed by biochemical characterization in association with Grams staining which was identified as Clostridium novyi. Further the liver tissue was subjected to PCR and were found positive for C. novyi type B alpha toxin genes but negative for Clostridium haemolyticum andother clostridia. Histologically, there was coagulative necrosis surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells and large numbers of gram-positive rods and concluded as a definitive diagnosis of infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH).In ruminants, also known as black disease, INH has rarely been reported in cattle . An amplicon of 427 bp corresponding to 16SrRNA gene sequence was obtained and this PCR Assay was standardized as this was confirmed simultaneously with the type culture DNA extract (ATCC 25758). Moreover owing to the Clostridial infections in cattle causing acute death, this is the first report of identifying the Clostridium novyi through molecular means of earlier detection paving way as an efficient tool for precise diagnosis of Clostridium novyi type B infections in cattle.ArticleItem Open Access Disseminated Cooccidiomycosis in Dogs in Cauvery Delta Region of Tamilnadu: A Zoonotic Concern(2018) Puvarajan, B; Lurthu Reetha, T; Ronald, BSM, et al.,; TANUVASCoccidioidomycosis a zoonotic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides immitis acquiring from environment through the risk of exposure to infectious arthrospores with subclinical or clinical which is affecting the dogs reared in house with less exposure to sun. The present report describes the disseminated form of coccidiomycosis in Labrador dogs which affected the cutaneous, osseous, cardiac, ocular, nervous system, or other organ with variable clinical symptoms and so far not recorded in this Cauvery Delta region of Tamilnadu. The diagnosis was established by fungal culture and identification by microscopy and clinical assessment. The microscopic demonstration of dysjunctors of arthrospores arrangement and the fungal isolation along with histopathological examination proved to be a useful tool in presumptive diagnosis of Coccidiomycosis in Labrador Dogs.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Chelated Tracemineral Mix (Complemin MF Dry) on Performance in Dairy Cows of Cauvery Delta Region(2016-09) Puvarajan, B; Ramesh, J; TANUVASThe chelated trace mineral mix was supplemented (Complemin MF Dry) alongwith concentrate feed of 250 g daily fed to fty cows with prolonged anoestrus, infertility and low milk yield etcfor 90 days. The incidence of anestrous and repeat breeding in cows decreased .The SGPT, SGOT and ALP in all the animals were within normal range with increased blood serum calcium and phosphorus concentration. The dietary supplementation of trace minerals reduces the reproductive problems in dairy cattle under eld conditions.OtherItem Open Access Ethnoveterinary Medical Practices and ICT(TANUVAS, 2010) Kathiresan, D; Rani, R. Uma; Puvarajan, B; Sivaseelan, S; Gnanalakssmi, K.S.; Punniamurthy, N; Muruganandam, BThesisItem Open Access Immune Response of Cell Culture Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine in Chicken(TANUVAS, 1998) Puvarajan, B; TANUVAS; Mukhopadhyay, Hirak Kumar; Dorairajan, N; George, V. TitusArticleItem Open Access Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus from Field Outbreaks in Layer Birds: A Review(2018-04) Puvarajan, B; Sukumar, K; Rajeswar, Johnson; Harikrishnan, TJ; Balasubramaniam, GAB; TANUVASInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) herpes virus continues to cause outbreaks of respiratory disease in chickens world-wide and is an important respiratory disease of chickens. In India and Asian countries, sporadic cases of ILT occur in all classes of birds, starting from commercial laying hens and hobby/show/game chickens, broilers and heavy breeders. The epornitics of ILT tend to occur where there are large populations of unvaccinated birds, i.e., in concentrated areas of layer production. ILT virus (ILTV) belongs to Alphaherpesvirinae and the Gallid herpesvirus 1 species. The transmission of ILTV is via respiratory and ocular routes. Layers which are endemic infected with ILT virus occur only in some regions of countries or even in particular multiple-age production farms where modified live vaccines are actually used, even though these biological products, as well as wild ILTV strains, can establish latent infections. Vaccination is a common method to prevent ILT. However, field isolates and vaccine viruses can establish latent infected carriers. According to PCR-RFLP results, virulent field ILTVs can be derived from modified-live vaccines. Therefore, modified-live vaccine reversion provides a source for ILT outbreaks on chicken farms. Two recently licensed commercial recombinant ILT vaccines are also in use. Presently recombinant and gene-deficient vaccine candidates are in the developmental stages and offer some hope for the control of this disease. However, in ILT endemic regions, improved biosecurity and management practices are critical for improved ILT control especially in our country where the import of these type of vaccines are still in the bay.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of Microbial Feed Supplement on Milk Composition of Dairy Cows at Organized Farm and Field Level(2013-10) Puvarajan, B; Jayalalitha, V; Balasundaram, B; TANUVASThis study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial feed supplement on dairy cows at farm and field level with regard to nutritional quality of milk. Rumicell®Dry is a powder feed supplement composed of yeast, fungal and probiotic bacterial culture with their growth media. Daily 20 g Rumicell®Dry was supplemented to two group of dairy animals in addition to their diet; one group maintained at a farm and another group (randomly selected) reared by village farmers and all the animals were belonging to 2nd or 3rd lactation. Microbial feed supplementation significantly (P<0.01) increased milk quality with respect to fat, SNF and Protein percentage. As a conclusion a microbial feed supplement to the dairy animals irrespective of the environment, improves the nutritional quality of milk.ArticleItem Open Access Introduction to Alternate Veterinary Medicine(2018-01) Puvarajan, B; TANUVASRelationship between plants and animals has been continuing form the immemorial. They together flourish with the help and assistance of one another. This relationship was analysed finely after the evolution of human civilization to a greater extent. The Rigveda describes a lot regarding the close association of human beings with the plants for treatment of their kith and kin (Ayurveda) and their animals using Mrigayurveda, the knowledge of which constitutes a relevant part of ethno biological Knowledge.