Browsing by Author "Preetha, SP"
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ThesisItem Open Access ANTIHYPER AND ROGENEMIC EFFECT OF EVOLVULES ALSINOIDES EXTRACT USING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN MODEL IN RATS(TANUVAS, 2016) Angayarkanni, S; Venkateswaran, KV; Balasubrmanian, S; Preetha, SP; TANUVASThe present study was taken up to evaluate the antihyperandrogenemic activity of the aqueous extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides (EA) in experimentally induced polycystic ovarian disease model and also to compare its effects with that of the standard drug, Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).ThesisItem Open Access ANTIHYPERANDROGENEMIC EFFECT OF EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES EXTRACT USING POLYCYSTIC OVERIAN MODEL IN RATS(TANUVAS, 2016) Angayarkanni, S; Venkateswaran, KV; TANUVAS; Balasubrmanian, S; Preetha, SPThe present study was taken up to evaluate the antihyperandrogenemic activity of the aqueous extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides (EA) in experimentally induced polycystic ovarian disease model and also to compare its effects with that of the standard drug, Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL RESIDUES IN COMMERCIAL AND DESI CHICKEN EGGS BY MICROBIAL SCREENING AND HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY(2018) Tharanya, S; Sarathchandra, Ghadevaru; Dhinakar Raj, G; Preetha, SP; TANUVASThis study was envisaged to screen and quantify the presence of antibiotic residues incommercial and desi chicken eggs and feed samples collected from commercial layer farm outlets in Tamil Nadu. Egg samples were separated into egg fractions (Whole egg, albumen and yolk) and extracted for five antibiotic groups (Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Pleuromutilins, Quinolones and Tetracyclines). Extracted samples were screened by microbiological assay and confirmed and quantified by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Microbial screening ofcommercial eggs revealed that 12.2 %, 10% and 6.1 % of contaminated samples and they were related to macrolide & pleuromutilin group, tetracycline & aminoglycoside group and quinolone group,respectively. Analysis of layer feed samples for antibiotic residues by microbial screening showed 30 % and 16.5 % samples positive to macrolide & pleuromutilin group and tetracyclines & aminoglycoside group respectively. Positive samples subjected to HPTLC had a high incidence of tiamulin residue (12.5 per cent) and the mean concentrations of residues observed in whole egg, egg white and egg yolk samples were 185.72 ± 56.27, 173.91 ± 34.12 and 325.69 ± 90.19 μg/Kg respectively with an overall range of 42.89 – 507.46 μg/kg. Mean concentrations of OTC residues observed in whole egg, albumen and egg yolk samples were 13.89 ± 0.22, 47.64 ± 0.37 and 0.38 ± 0.13μg/ Kg respectively with an overall range of 12.95 – 48.46 μg/kg. Quinolones showed positive result only in whole egg with an overall range of 4.24 – 21.58 μg/kg for enrofloxacin and 6.32 – 22.4 μg/kg for ciprofloxacin. The values obtained were below the MRL and in compliance with Codex alimentarius and EU standards. None of the desi eggs samples analysed were positive for antimicrobial residues.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF PECTIN CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON EXPRESSION OF BCL -2, BAX AND GAL-3 IN CANCER CELLS(2015-10) Moharana, Baisakhi; Preetha, SP; Selvasubramanian, S.; Balachandran, C.; Tirumurugan, K.G.; Archarya, P.; TANUVASFractionated pectin powder (FPP) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have proven anticancer properties. In this study the role of pectin capped Ag NP's in the expression of different apoptosis related genes in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) mice model were ascertained. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted for apoptotic genes Bcl-2, Bax and Gal-3 with reference gene as GAPDH. Amplification was performed in a Roche thermal cycler. The cycling conditions were initial PCR activation step for 30 seconds at 95ºC followed by 45 cycles of two step amplification at 95ºC for 5 seconds and 60ºC for 30 seconds of single acquisition for denaturation and extension and final dissociation and annealing at 95ºC for 20 seconds, 65ºC for 60 seconds followed by 95ºC for 1 second of continuous acquisition. At the end of the experiment there were no significant differences among the different experimental groups. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanism by which the pectin capped Ag NP's caused death of the tumour cells.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Supplementation of Distiller’s Dried Grain with Soluble (DDGS) on Desi-Chicken Performance and Carcass Characteristics(2018-10) Pule Addison, M; Sarathchandra, Ghadhevaru; Tensingh Gnanaraj, P; Ezhil Valavan, S; Preetha, SP; TANUVASUtilization of unconventional feed ingredients in poultry ration is a key determinant of successful poultry production. Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble (DDGS) is now becoming a popular unconventional and low-cost ingredient for livestock feed due to its high nutritive value. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the effect of DDGS on native chicken production performance. A total of 126, 8 weeks old desi-chicken were distributed randomly to 3 different dietary treatments that includes T1 (control), 10 per cent inclusion of DDGS (T2) and (T3) 15 per cent inclusion of DDGS, respectively. The first experiment was performed between 8-12 weeks and the second experiment between 13-16 weeks of age. Performance parameters and carcass traits were studied at the end of feeding trial. The results showed that performance traits like body weights, body weight gains and feed efficiency and carcass traits such as New York dress weight, eviscerated carcass yield, ready to cook yield, cut-up parts, giblets yield and relative organ weights were not influenced by dietary inclusion of DDGS. The present study indicated that up to 15 % level of inclusion of DDGS has no deleterious effect on the performance, carcass characteristic of desi-chicken. Thus, DDGS can be safely incorporated to desi-chicken diet at this level without hampering production performance.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluation of Escherichia Coli as a Microbial Tool in Residue Monitoring of Enrofloxacin in Milk(2020-06) Bothinathan, Monica; Sarathchandra, Ghadhevaru; Preetha, SP; TANUVASAntimicrobials are used in dairy cattle to treat disease and to improve feed efficiency. The widespread use of antimicrobials has created potential residue problems in dairy products. The problems associated with the antimicrobial residues in milk includes the risk of allergic reactions after consumption and transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from livestock to human through contaminated food products. This study aims to monitor Enrofloxacin antimicrobial drug residue in milk by a simple microbial screening method. Two hundred milk samples comprising of 100 cow and 100 buffalo milk were collected from organized dairy farms. Milk samples were extracted for the antibiotic Enrofloxacin and were examined for the presence of Enrofloxacin antibiotic residues by microbial tube test method using the indicator organism Escherichia coli. The results of this study revealed 5 positive buffalo milk samples (5%) for enrofloxacin antimicrobial drug residues. This study explains that microbial screening method has a unique advantage of a high-throughput, economical and simple tool that can be used to screen the existence of antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORATION OF FERTILITY EFFECT OF SIDDHA MEDICINE (NANDHI MEZHUGU WITH KUMATTI KUZHAMBU) IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CYSTIC OVARIAN DEGENERATION IN RAT MODEL(TANUVAS, 2016) Yogaraj, D; Sarathchandra, G; TANUVAS; Cecilia Joseph; Preetha, SPThe present study was taken up to evaluate the ovulatory effect of siddha preparations NandhiMezhugu(NM) with kumattiKuzhambu (KK) in estradiolvalerate (EV) induced cystic ovarian degeneration in rats and to compare their effects with the standard drug, GnRH.ArticleItem Open Access Expression of Biomarkers in Canine Mammary Tumours(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Muniappan, N; Ramesh, S; Hemalatha, S; Mohamed, Shafiuzama; Preetha, SP; TANUVASBiomarkers identifiable in tumours have potential use in early diagnosis, staging, prognosis and assessment of response to therapy. This paper describes the immunohistochemical expression of a few reliable biomarkers in post surgical canine mammary gland tumour (CMGT). Immunohistochemical expression of biomarkers in canine mammary tumours was carried out in forty three mammectomised tissue samples. The intensity and distribution of immunostaining of the biomarkers in histological types of CMGT was studied. PCNA showed weak nuclear staining in benign tumour and strong nuclear staining in malignant tumours. Bcl 2 showed weak cytoplasmic staining in benign tumours and moderate cytoplasmic staining in 10-20% of epithelial cells in malignant tumours. Cytokeratin 8/18 expression was strong in >50% of epithelial cells in benign and malignant tumours. Vimentin expression was specific with strong cytoplasmic staining in the stromal fibrous tissue, stromal fusiform cells, myoepithelial cells in tubules, spindle cells, chondroid tissue and lipocytes. CEA expression was negative in benign tumours. Malignant tumours expressed moderate membranous to cytoplasmic staining in 10-20% of luminal epithelial cells. MUC 1 expression was weak membranous staining in <10% of apical portion of luminal epithelial cells in benign tumours. Overexpression of MUC 1 was observed as moderate membranous and cytoplasmic staining in 10-20% of luminal epithelial cells in malignant tumours. HER-2 expression was weak membrane staining in <10% of luminal epithelial cells in benign tumours. Moderate membranous and cytoplasmic staining was observed in 10-20% of luminal epithelial cells in malignant tumours. COX 2 enzyme expression was negative in benign tumours. Moderate cytoplasmic staining in 10-20% of luminal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, stromal fusiform cells and stromal inflammatory cells was observed in malignancy. Hence the expression of biomarkers in tissues is of diagnostic and prognostic significance before initiation of treatment regimen in canine mammary tumours.ArticleItem Open Access Genotoxicity assessment of andrographolide in Ames mutagenicity assay and in vitro chromosomal aberration assay(2021) Srinivasan, MR; Preetha, SP; Sudhakar Rao, GV, et al.,; TANUVASAbstract Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. is a medicinal herb widely used in various traditional medicines for the treatment of various ailments particularly related to viral fever, respiratory tract infections, and other pharmacological properties. Andrographolide is a diterpene present as a major active ingredient responsible for various pharmacological activities. This study was conducted to assess the mutagenicity and clastogenicity potential of the andrographolide by Ames mutagenicity and in vitro chromosomal aberration studies, respectively. Materials and Methods: Ames Mutagenicity assay was performed using Salmonella typhimurium strains, TA100, TA1535, TA102 and TA98 and TA1537 and in vitro chromosomal aberration study was performed in CHO-K1 cell line. Both these studies were conducted following the procedure mentioned in the OECD guidelines no. 471 and 473 for Ames and in vitro chromosomal aberration studies, respectively. Results: Andrographolide was found to be non-mutagenic in Ames mutagenicity assay and non-clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration study in the CHO-K1 cell line.ArticleItem Open Access Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Gyrocarpus asiaticus on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Zebra Fish(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Baisakhi, Moharana; Preetha, SP; Balachandran, C; Acharya, P; TANUVASParacetamol induced hepatotoxicity is a common model for accessing the hepatoprotective nature of new molecules. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract of Gyrocarpus asiaticus on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in zebra fish. Fish were challenged with 20mM concentration of paracetamol followed by treatment with aqueous extract of Gyrocarpus asiaticus. Serum was evaluated for alanine transferase (ALT) concentration and liver samples were collected for histopathological analysis. Result of this study showed that, there was marked elevation of ALT in induced group and compare to paracetamol induced toxicity group, Gyrocarpus asiaticus treated group has got marked reduction in ALT which also confirmed through histopathological analysis, where the treatment group showed normal morphological features. Hence further study can be done to elucidate the mechanism of action of Gyrocarpus asiaticus through molecular level to have a confirmation of hepatoprotective nature of this plant.ArticleItem Open Access In silico Docking Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Stoechoespermum marginatum against Colorectal Cancer(2019) Kalaiselvi, L; Sriram, P; Preetha, SP; Parthiban, M; Kannan, TA; TANUVASColorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies are mainly initiated by the mutations in the wnt signalling proteins, viz., Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β-Catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3 β). The present study focuses on molecular docking analysis of bioactive molecules isolated from Stoechospermum marginatum against wnt signalling proteins. Twelve bioactive molecules from S. marginatum were evaluated for their potential to interact with wnt signalling proteins. The biomolecules were screened for their in silico ADMET properties. The results revealed that compound 7 (5(R), 15, 18(R/S), 19-tetrahydroxy spata 13,16-diene) and compound 8 (19-acetoxy, 5(R), 15, 16-trihydroxy spata 13, 17-diene) had good interaction with β- catenin , APC and GSK3 β proteins and were found to possess required ADMET criteria with good aqueous solubility, low BBB permeability, low plasma protein binding, nonhepatotoxic, non-mutagenic and lack of CYP2D6 inhibition. From the results of the study, compound 7 [5(R), 15, 18(R/S), 19-tetrahydroxy spata 13, 16-diene] and compound 8 [19- acetoxy, 5(R), 15, 16-trihydroxy spata 13, 17-diene] would be a promising lead candidate for further research and development of drugs against colorectal cancer.ThesisItem Restricted IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFICACY OF STOECHOSPERMUM MARGINATUMEXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS(2020) Kalaiselvi, L; TANUVAS; Sriram, P; Preetha, SP; Parthiban, M; Kannan, TACancer incidences are in increasing trend and therefore instant effective therapies are needed to control these malignancies. Recently, natural products have received great attention in the recent years for cancer chemotherapy owing to its reduced toxicity and side effects. In the present study, the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum was investigated by in vitro and in vivo animal model. S. marginatum was selected for the investigation based on its phytochemical and biochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against HT29 human colon cancer cells. In vitro anticancer activity of S. margiantum was carried in HT29 cells and the extract was evaluated for its antiproliferative and apoptosis induction potential.ArticleItem Open Access Occurrence of SHV GENE and Antibiogram of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infection in Swiss Albino Mice Colony(2016) Thangapandiyan, M; Preetha, SP; Suresh Kannan, S; Mohanapriya, T; TANUVASAn epizootic causing high morbidity and high mortality in Swiss albino inbred mice over a period of two weeks caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, histopathological, bacteriological evaluation of the lung, kidney and intestinal tissue and multiplex PCR. Biochemical tests were positive for citrate, nitrate, urease, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and negative for phenylalanine and hydrogen sulphide production. Carbohydrates viz., glucose, lactose, adonitol, arabinose were fermented but sorbitol was not. Disc diffusion tests for antibiotic sensitivity showed susceptibility to enrofloxacin, amikacin, doxycyline and resistant to cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cephtriaxone and ampicillin. Amplification by multiplex PCR for sulphydryl variable (SHV) gene yielded a product size of 472bp.ThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF PECTIN CAPPED NZNO IN 5- FLUOROURACIL INDUCED TESTICULAR TOXICITY IN RATS(TANUVAS, 2016) Pavithra, S; Preetha, SP; TANUVAS; Venkateswaran, KV; Balachandran, CCancer chemotherapy involves the use of drugs that destroy the rapidly growing cells. The major side effect associated with cancer chemotherapy is infertility. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used anticancer drug known to induce testicular toxicity. Pectins are complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall and are reported to have protective effect against experimentally induced testicular toxicity. Zinc is. an essential, natural mineral necessary for germ cell development. Nanoparticles of ZnO have significant protective effect against chemotherapy induced testicular toxicity. Combination chemotherapy is an effective method to minimize the toxic effects associated with cancer therapy.ArticleItem Open Access A simple and rapid staining technique to confirm mating in Wistar rats(TANUVAS, 2020) Umamageswari, J; Balasubramanian, S; Krishnakumar, K; Preetha, SP; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASA simple and rapid staining technique was developed to confirm mating in Wistar rats. The study involves collection of vaginal smear from six adult female Wistar rats and the stages of the estrous cycle were determined by vaginal exfoliative cytology technique using Field stains. The Vaginal epithelial cells are classified as basal, intermediate, superficial intermediate, superficial and cornified by microscopical examination of stained vaginal smears. Proestrus females were co-habitat with adult Wistar male at the ratio of 2:1 and mating was confirmed by presence of sperms in the vaginal smear. The day on which sperm cells were observed in the vaginal smear was considered as day zero of pregnancy, after which the female rats was separated from the male rat. Out of the six female rats exposed to male, five female rats whose vaginal smears were positive for sperm cells were confirmed pregnant by ultrasonography. This study concludes that the Field staining can be used as a simple, rapid and less expensive technique to confirm mating by vaginal exfoliative cytology in rats.ArticleItem Open Access SPONTANEOUS MAMMARY FIBROADENOMAS IN AWISTAR RAT COLONY(2011-12) Thangapandiya, M; Selvaraj, J; Preetha, SP; Gayathri Devi, R; TANUVASNecropsy examination was conducted on two adult female Wistar rats, aging 16 and 18 months that were presented with a history of a gradually increasing mass in their lower abdominal region. Gross examination revealed firm, hard, localized, well-encapsulated masses in the inguinal pair of the mammary glands. Microscopically, the acinar structures were surrounded by distinct interlobular and intralobular connective tissues. Acini were of varying shapes and sizes and irregularly placed among the fibrous stroma. The histological pattern and the nature of the tumour in older female rats were sufficient to confirm the diagnosis as mammary fibroadenomas.ArticleItem Open Access Synthesis, characterisation and pharmacological assessment of nanoparticles of Tinospora cordifolia for its cytotoxic activity(2020) Sakthi Priya, M; Sarathchandra, G; Jagadeeswaran, A; Preetha, SP; Partiban, S; TANUVASThe present study was taken up to evaluate the use of Tinospora cordifolia stem extract as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticle formation and characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles and assessment of its cytotoxic effect on the HepG2 cancer cell line. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by visualizing the colour change, observing for the concentric rings under an optical microscope, analyzing the particle size and measuring the zeta potential. The extract was also phytochemically characterized and subjected to MTT assay to evaluate its cytotoxic activity at three different doses of 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 600 μg/ml against a negative control and a positive control 5-Flurouracil 5 μg/ml. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by visualizing the colour change from colourless to slight reddish brown colour, observing concentric rings under optical microscope, determining the particle size in the range of 0.4 nm and zeta potential was measured to be -13.4mv with peak area of 100 percentage intensity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, terpenoids, flavanoids, hydrolysable tannin, glycosides and cardiac glycosides in the aqueous extract. The cytotoxicity assay revealed a dose dependent significant decrease in the percentage inhibition of growth of cells with the highest level of inhibition noticed at the highest dose similar to positive control group. Thus the cytotoxic effect of the extract could be attributed to the presence of the secondary metabolites in them which could get converted into nanoparticles with silver and establishes its potential as a chemotherapeutic option for cancer.ArticleItem Open Access Therapeutic Uses of Fucoidan(2021-01) Ramakrishnan, V; Preetha, SP; Arivuchelvan, A; Parthiban, M; Thangapandiyan; TANUVASFucoidan is a polysaccharide that primarily consists of groups of L-fucose and sulphate. As a result of its promising therapeutic results, Fucoidan is beneficial worldwide, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The special biological structure is ascribed to its applaudable biological roles. Anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, antithrombotic, immunoregulatory, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory effects are classic fucoidan-associated bioactivities. More recently, to further emphasise its therapeutic ability, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed. This analysis reflects on the advances achieved in discovering the biological activities of fucoidan, which can be useful as a potential treatment. Therefore we have summarised the research performed in vitro and in vivo during the current decade. We expect this review and a variety of others can contribute as a theoretical basis for understanding and inspire further product development of fucoidan.