Browsing by Author "Manivannan, A."
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OtherItem Open Access Anthelmintic Incorporated Mineral Block (AIM) For Sheep and Goat(TANUVAS, 2012) Mathialagan, P.; Chandrasekaran, D.; Dinakaran, A. Manicavasaka; Edwin, S.C.; Kumaresan, G.; Manivannan, A.ArticleItem Open Access BIOREMEDIATION OF POULTRY FEATHER WASTE- A REVIEW(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2017-05) Thyagarajan, D.; Manivannan, A.; Sakthivadivu, S.; Bharathi, S.; TANUVASPoultry farming is growing at 8% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in layer and 12% CAGR in broiler farming. Consequent to the growth of the poultry farming activity, eco-friendly approach to utilize the waste into value added products are of current importance.ArticleItem Open Access Constraints and Management Practices of Dairy Farming during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation(2021) Saravanan, K.P.; Silambarasan, P.; Manivannan, A.; Sasikala, V.; Sivakumar, T.; TANUVASBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown have created unprecedented emergency and sudden distress on all sectors in India including the livestock sector. Among livestock sectors, dairy farming is more sensitive due to the handling of an essential and perishable commodity of milk. Methods: Under this pandemic situation, the aim of the study to know the constraints confronted and management practices followed by dairy farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in July 2020 in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. Thirty dairy farmers were selected randomly and data were collected by a personal interview method through a well-structured interview schedule. Socio-economic data were analyzed by statistical methods viz. percentage, mean and standard deviation. Constraints of dairy farming were analyzed and ranked by Mean Weighed Score method and percentage analysis was used for analyzing and ranking management practices. Result: Socio-economic characterstics revealed that more than 86.66 per cent of dairy farmers were belonged low to medium groups and utilized different mass media tools for retrieving information. The constraints analysis revealed that high cost of concentrate feed foremost constraint with Mean Weighed Score of 50.00 were ranked first. Dairy farmers expressed difficultly in the procurement of concentrate, shortage of wheat bran supply and elevated wheat bran cost (MWS 44.44) second important constraints. Dairy farmer’s made alterations in the concentrate feed composition, consulted veterinary doctors over the phone and direct selling of milk as management practices to manage the pandemic situation.ArticleItem Open Access Constraints Perceived By Milk Vendors Of N Amakkal District(2010-10) Narmatha, N.; Uma, V.; Malliga, J.; Sakthivel, K.M.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASSixty milk vendors of Namakkal district were interviewed using structured interview schedule to study the constraints faced by them. Constraints were categorized under seven major domains viz., breeding, feeding, health care, general management practices, dairy training, procurement of loan, and insurance. Training in dairying (96.67%) was perceived as the major constraint followed by procurement of loan (74.17%) and general management practices (59.17%). Item wise analysis revealed that the major constraints faced by the vendors were high investment for starting dairy units (98.33%) and number of training regarding manufacture of indigenous products (98.33%) followed by lack of practical training (96.67%), high cost of labour (96.67%), training centre is far away (95%), non availability of subsidy (93.33%), high cost of veterinary medicine (93.33%), high cost of quality cattle feed {91.67%), loan procedure is lengthy, tedious and cumbersome (90%) and banks are not cooperative (90%) were the items considered as major constraints.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of feeding supplements on SNF content in milk(2009-01) Mathialagan, P.; Chandrasekaran, D.; Kumaresan, G.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASThe dairy farmers are frequently encountering the problem of low solids not fat (SNF) content in the milk, leading to refusal of milk at the milk collection centres (Das et.al.2003). The price of milk is fixed mainly based on the fat and SNF content. Dairy farmers incur huge loss due to low SNF content in the milk sold.ThesisItem Open Access Effectiveness Of Compact Disc (Cd) Lesson On Clean Milk Production Techniques Among Milkmen(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2008) Malliga, J.; TANUVAS; Narmatha, N.; Babu, M.; Manivannan, A.Communication media plays an important role in dissemination of information to the farmers. Among these, Compact Disc is one of the electronic devices used for dissemination of animal husbandry information for rural development. This study was designed to measure the effectiveness of CD lesson on clean milk production techniques among milkmen. The present study was conducted at Sendamangalam and Erumaipatti blocks of Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu. A sample of thirty respondents from each block was selected by using simple random sampling technique. A well-structured, pre-tested interview schedule was prepared and the data were collected before and after viewing the CD lesson. The salient findings of the study were as follows: Majority of the milk vendors were middle aged and had middle school level of education. They were mostly in joint families and had milk vending + dairy farming + others as their occupation. Majority of the milk vendors belonged to landless, low level of income, low herd size category and high level of experience in milk vending. Most of the milk vendors had medium level of extension agency contact, availed credit from private finance institutions and not attended any training programmes. Milk vendors involved in the roles like, milking, collection and selling of milk, inform the available sources of feed and fodder, detection of estrus, identification of sick animals, advice in the treatment aspect and help in purchase or sale of animal and providing credit facilities. More than half of the respondents had high level of performance in overall role. In overall knowledge, majority of the respondents gained medium level knowledge and high knowledge gain was noticed in the subject matter area related to management of animals. The correlation analysis revealed that education, occupation, milk vending experience, training attended, extension agency contact and mass media exposure had a positive and significant relationship with knowledge level after viewing the CD lesson. The regression analysis revealed that the variables education, occupation and extension agency contact showed positive and significant relationship with post exposure knowledge level of the respondents. From the study it could be concluded that the compact disc lesson was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge level of milkmen cum vendors.ArticleItem Open Access Efficacy of Fenbendazole Incorporated Urea Molasses Block in Sheep and Goat in Namakkal District of Tamilnadu(2012) Mekala, P.; Mathialagan, P.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASThe study was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu with fenbendazole incorporated urea molasses block to understand its anthelmintic efficacy and production responses in goats. Results indicated that the anthelmintic delivery system could effectively remove already established adult parai sites, prevent larval establishment and increase the profit to the farmers by increasing productivity.ArticleItem Open Access Empowerment of Dairy Women(2007) Mathialagan, P.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASA sample size of 159 dairywomen cum self-help group members belonging to ten different villages of Namakkal district were purposively selected for a scheme funded by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India with the aim of empowering dairywomen.ArticleItem Open Access Entrepreneurship Development among Livestock Farmwomen in Rural Areas(2006) Mathialagan, P.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASA sample size of 200 women beneficiaries from self-help group members belonging to ten different villages of Namakkal district were purposively selected for a DBT scheme.ArticleItem Open Access Extent of Adoption of Recommended Scientific Practices in Cattle and Buffalo Farming Systems in Tamil Nadu, India(2016-07) Manivannan, A.; Mathialagan, P.; TANUVASDairy farming is a notable segment of the rural economy in India. In order to ascertain the technological aspects of small holder dairy farming in rural areas, this study was conducted to know about the extent of adoption of recommended scientific practices in Tamil Nadu, India. In this context, an overall sample size of 100 consisting of 50 farmers each in cattle and buffalo farming systems was drawn at Villupuram and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu, India by using proportionate random sampling method. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) in both cattle and buffalo farming systems had adopted the practices of colostrum feeding, sanitary practice before and after milking, and treatment of sick animals by veterinarians under full adoption category. Partial adoption of practices was found in deworming of calf (78.00%) in cattle farming system and balanced feeding (70.00%) in buffalo farming system. Day old weaning of calf, schedule of activities to control calf mortality, using chaff cutter and conducting mastitis detection test were found under non-adoption category (100%) in both cattle and buffalo farming systems.ArticleItem Open Access Indigenous Knowledge in Sheep and Goat Farming Systems in Tamil Nadu, India(2018) Manivannan, A.; Mathialagan, P.; Naramatha, N.; Mohan, B.; TANUVASThe present study was conducted in 2008 to document the indigenous knowledge prevalent in sheep and goat farming systems in Tamil N adu; India. Fifty sheep farmers in Tirunelveli district and fifty goat farmers in Erode district were selected by proportionate random sampling method and the data were collected through an interview schedule and analysed and ranked for getting inferences.ArticleItem Open Access KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF FARMERS IN DAIRY CATTLE FARMING SYSTEMS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA(2016-07) Manivannan, A.; Mathialagan, P.; TANUVASDairy farming is an important livelihood avenue in rural India. Owing to the changing trend in dairying, awareness on the current dairy farming systems would be much helpful to the stakeholders involved in livestock development. Keeping this in mind, the study was carried out to find out the scientific knowledge level of farmers in dairy cattle farming systems in Tamil Nadu, India. A sample size consisting of 50 farmers in Cattle farming system and 50 farmers in B u f f a l o f ami n g s y s t em belonging to three villages each in Villupuram and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu, India had been selected by using m u l t i s t a g e s a m p l i n g methods.The results indicated that all the respondents ( 100 %) in both cattle and buffalo farming systems had full k n owl e d g e o n a l l owi n g newborn calf for colostrum feeding, deworming of calf, right time of AI, testing for pregnancy, optimum time of feeding, sanitary practices in milking, out of 25 scientific dairy farming practices. Under crop cultivation practices, all the respondents (100%) possessed scientific knowledge on irrigation management and plant protection measures in both cattle and buffalo farming systems. Further the farmers at buffalo farming system had better knowledge than farmers in cattle farming system due to availability technological resources in their location.ArticleItem Open Access Knowledge Level of Kanni Adu Goat Farmers towards Climate Change in Southern Region of Tamil Nadu(2021) Saravanan, K.P.; Manivannan, A.; Sivakumar, T.; Sakthivel, K.M.; Ramachandran, M.; TANUVASGoat farming is a significant source of income for the poor, particularly for disadvantaged farmers who rear goats in a traditional system with little to no inputs. Goats are a climate-adaptable species that can provide food security in the future. In this background current study was conducted to know about the goat farmers’ knowledge on climate change through pre-tested interview schedule, data were collected from 381 Kanni Adu goat farmers in southern region of Tamil Nadu. The findings of this study revealed that 75.33 per cent of the respondents had knowledge on rainy season begins in the month of October under individual statement wise knowledge category. In component wise knowledge level, nearly half of the respondents had knowledge on weather items such as rainy season, southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon whereas knowledge gap has been observed in understanding the meaning of climate change (96.59%) and causes of climate change (90.60%). Under overall category, the majority of farmers (85.04%) had a medium to low level of knowledge.ArticleItem Open Access Knowledge Level of Self Help Group (SHG) Women in Dairy Farming Practices(2011-01) Narmatha, N.; Uma, V.; Manivannan, A.; Sakthivel, K.M.; TANUVASCattle rearing is an important occupation of the rural poor across Southern states of India. It is apparent that livestock particularly cattle have a strong role in poverty alleviation among the landless women, although the degree and nature of their contribution varies. Setting up a livestock enterprises, more specific cattle rearing is preferred by the women Self Help Groups (SHG) since the asset is in a readily available form from the start of the activity through which its varied roles are felt in their livelihood. Five days training programme on “Scientific Rearing of Dairy Cattle” was conducted at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Karur of Tamilnadu for 368 self help group women of SGSY beneficiaries of DRDA. Their knowledge level in the subject was assessed before and after the training through knowledge test. Item wise and domain wise knowledge gain on different items was calculated; The highest knowledge gain was noticed in the health care domain. More than fifty per cent knowledge gain was observed in almost all the items of the dairy farming practices.ThesisItem Open Access Livestock Farming Systems in Tamil Nadu(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2008) Manivannan, A.; TANUVAS; Mathialagan, P.; Narmatha, N.; Panneerselvam, S.This study on livestock farming systems in Tamil Nadu aims at analysing the profile characteristics of farmers practising livestock based farming systems, their knowledge level, the extent of adoption various scientific and traditional management practices / beliefs followed by livestock farmers, the impact generated through the systems and the factors influencing the farmers to adopt livestock farming systems. It also attempts to explore the constraints of farmers in livestock based farming systems and suggest suitable strategies to overcome the constraints. A multistage sampling procedure has been adopted for the study. Totally, 200 respondents were selected as the sample size which consisted of 50 cattle farmers identified from three villages in Kandamangalam block of Viluppuram district, 50 buffalo farmers from three villages in Mohanur block of Namakkal district, 50 sheep farmers from three villages in Alangulam block of Tirunelveli district and 50 goat farmers from Gobichettipalayam block of Erode district by using proportionate random sampling technique. The data were collected through a well structured, and pre-tested interview schedule by the researcher. The salient findings of the study are highlighted below: Majority of the respondents practising livestock based farming systems were males, belonged to low communication status, sold livestock through middlemen, grouped under medium annual income group and had low information seeking behavior, low social participation with high level of economic motivation and literate. Around one-half of the respondents had medium livestock farming experience, low farm and family status, maintained high valued livestock, exhibited low innovativeness with risk orientation and belonged to old age groups. Majority of them were found to practise livestock in combination with crop enterprise. The rest two-fifth belonged to livestock alone category. Majority of the respondents in cattle farming systems reared animals in intensive system whereas semi-intensive system of rearing was followed by majority of the respondents in buffalo, sheep and goat farming systems. Majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about scientific animal husbandry practices, high level of knowledge on traditional animal husbandry practices / beliefs and medium level of knowledge on crop production practices in all the four livestock farming systems. Scientific animal husbandry practices were adopted at medium level by majority of the respondents in all the four livestock farming systems. In contrast, high level of adoption of traditional animal husbandry practices/beliefs was observed in all the four livestock farming systems. Crop production practices were adopted at medium to high level by majority of the respondents. On the overall, majority of the respondents in sheep and goat farming systems perceived high level of desirable and undesirable impacts whereas medium level of desirable impact was perceived by majority in cattle and buffalo farming systems. The important desirable economic impacts noticed were, higher income, debt clearance, and improved savings habits. Changes in time utilization and enable to give better education to their children were the desirable social impacts identified. Developed self-confidence and higher motivation were the psychological impacts observed. Effective recycling of manure and reduced cost of livestock feeding were expressed as the technological impacts. Unable to attend social functions, spending more on narcotics and no time to attend personal works were perceived as the undesirable impacts in sheep and goat farming systems. The benefit cost ratio was high for goat farming systems either alone or in combination with crop when compared to other livestock farming systems. The livestock alone component generated employment ranging from 228.12 to 273.75 man days and the crop component had 64 to 184 man days of employment generation. Family labour had played a major role in all the livestock farming systems. Using agricultural by-products for livestock feeding, utilizing livestock manure as farm yard manure for crop cultivation and compost making were considered as the principal areas in which livestock crop interaction existed fully. In cattle farming system, the independent variable, innovativeness contributed to adoption of livestock farming system at 5 per cent level of significance. Occupational status, information seeking behaviour and credit orientation had negative contribution with adoption of buffalo farming system at 5 per cent level of significance, whereas family status contributed positively. With regard to sheep farming system, the independent variable, livestock farming experience, had positively contributed to adoption at 5 per cent level of significance. In goat farming system, the independent variable, risk orientation contributed positively to adoption at 5 per cent level of significance. Factor analysis revealed that out of 19 variables, 13 variables together constituted seven factors which had association and contribution with the dependent variable adoption of cattle farming system which explained about 75.84 per cent of variation. In buffalo farming system, out of 19 variables, 9 variables together constituted three factors which had association and contribution with the dependent variable adoption of buffalo farming system which explained about 79.58 per cent of variation. With regard to sheep farming system, out of 19 variables, 10 variables together constituted six factors which had association and contribution with the dependent variable adoption which explained about 85.25 per cent of variation. Similarly, with regard to goat farming system, out of 19 variables, 13 variables together constituted seven factors which had association and contribution with the dependent variable adoption which explained about 88.90 per cent of variation. Livestock rearing for livelihood option, traditional reasons and selling the livestock during financial crisis were ranked as the first, second and third major reasons for rearing of livestock by majority of the respondents in all the four livestock farming systems. Labour scarcity, high feed cost, lack of proper extension support, and risk in livestock rearing, lack of fodder development activities, exploitation by middlemen and drought conditions were described as the major general constraints encountered by majority of the respondents in all the livestock farming systems. Among the species specific constraints, foot and mouth disease, nonremunerative price for milk, mastitis, and repeat breeding problems were quoted as the major constraints regarding cattle and buffaloes. Diminishing grazing area, outbreak of diseases, and mortality in young ones during rainy season, theft and predator issues were expressed as the major constraints faced by sheep and goat farmers.ArticleItem Open Access Needs of Field Veterinary Extension Personnel for Continuing Professional Development in Animal Production and Extension Education(2005) Mathialagan, P.; Manivannan, A.; TANUVASAny professional in active professional life needs continuous education. Training is one of the Ways to update their knowledge, skills and change their attitude positively according to ‘the demand. Training is a process by which the desired knowledge, attitude, skill and idea are inculcated, fostered and reinforced in an organism. Hence educating through training is essential toauy extension worker who has to keep abreast of the latest in his profession. Veterinary Assistant Surgeon is the only extension personnel available in rural areas to educate the vast number of livestock farmers. Hence increasing their proficiency through training Will improve their efficiency in carrying out their duties.ArticleItem Open Access Opinion of dairy farmers on field problems in calf rearing(2010-07) Manivannan, A.; Mathialagan, P.; TANUVASThe study was carried out to understand about the problems experienced by dairy farmers in field conditions. Fifty dairy farmers from Oruvandur Pudur Milk Cooperative Society in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, lndia, were selected based on simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through a well-structured, pre~tested inten/iew schedule which consisted of a list of problems occurring in calf rearing. The results revealed that an overwhelming majority (92 %) of the respondents reported that health problems, particularly calf mortality due to respiratory diseases, digestive disorders and parasitic ailments were ranked as the first and foremost problem in calf rearing. Lack of knowledge about scientific management practices (90%), poor adoption of scientific practices (88%), burden of rearing of male calves (86%), beliefs in traditional practices (80%), not providing adequate milk to calves due to economic compulsion (46%) and unable to pay much attention to calf rearing due to involvement in other works (32%) were the other problems experienced by dairy farmers in calf rearing. lt is concluded that the field level problems encountered in dairying could be solved through efiective use of extension educational methods viz, training programmes, demonstrations, print and electronic media.ArticleItem Open Access Perception of goat farmers towards climate change in southern region of Tamil Nadu, India(2021) Saravanan, K.P.; Manivannan, A.; Sivakumar, T.; Sakthivel, K.M.; Ramachandran, M.; TANUVASExploitation of natural resources has disturbed the ecological balance and climate as a result, patterns and climate have shifted. Among the livestock species, goat is better adaptable to changing environment. A warmer world means that goats will thrive in the future. Due to changing conditions, goat farmers' opinion could help and ensure their farming. Under these circumstances, goat farmers' impression about climate change could support and safeguard their business under changing climate. Based on the above background the objective of the study was formulated to ascertain about the Kanni Adu goat farmer’s perception towards climate change. The research was carried out in the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu namely Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi, and Tirunelveli. The sample size was calculated using sample size estimation and distributed to the study region using proportionate sampling. Data were collected from 381 respondents from twenty-five villages using a pre-tested interview schedule. The Weighted Mean Score (WMS), the mean and standard deviation used for ranking and classification. The results revealed that in the study area, farmers perceived high temperatures with increased intensity occur during the summer. Climate change had a moderate effect on goat farmers' perceptions. Government needs to conduct training and awareness programme to the key farmers regarding access of climate information would help and safeguard Kanni Adu goats and farmers from climate stress.
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