Browsing by Author "Jaishankar, S."
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ArticleItem Open Access Co-Composting Materials and Bio Accelerator on Nutritive Value of Manure(Indian Veterinary Association, 2018-06) Ragavendran, P.; Thennarasu, A.; Sundaram, S. Meenakshi; Bandeswaran, C.; Jaishankar, S.; Sivakumar, T.; TANUVASthe effect of co-composting materials and bio accelerator on nutritive value of manure. The result revealed that the nitrogen content was significantly higher (P<0.001) in Treatment 1 and 3 than the other treatment groups. The phosphorus content was significantly higher (P<0.001) in treatment groups T1, T3 and T4 than the other treatment groups. The treatment groups T3 and T4 wherein coir pith was added along with cow dung had a significantly higher (P<0.001) potassium content than the other treatment groups. It was concluded that addition of urine, feed refusal and Trichoderma viridae along with fortnightly turning of manure resulted in significantly reduced time for decomposition with higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Co-Composting Materials and Bio-Accelerator on Composting Period of Manure(2018-08) Ragavendran, P.; Thennarasu, A.; Meenakshisundaram, S.; Bandeswaran, C.; Jaishankar, S.; Sivakumar, T.; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to find out the effect of co-composting materials and bio accelerator on composting period of manure. The results revealed that a highly significant difference in C: N ratio between the treatment groups and between different stages of decomposition. The C: N ratio is the indicator of the level of decomposition of the manure. The decomposition process is considered complete when the C: N ratio < 20:1. The required C: N ratio was achieved at a significantly shorter duration (60 days) in treatment 1, followed by treatment 2 (75 days), treatment 3 (90 days), treatment 4 (105days) and treatment 5 (135 days). It was concluded that addition of urine, feed refusal and Trichoderma viridae & Pleurotus fioridae along with fortnightly turning of manure resulted in significantly reduced period of decomposition and manure was ready for field application.ArticleItem Open Access Effect Of Multi Enzyme Supplementation On Post-Weaning Performance In Crossbred Pigs(2011) Ramesh, J.; Gopinathan, A.; Karthickeyan, S.M.K.; Jaishankar, S.; Sivaselvam, S.N.; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of multi-enzyme supplementation on post-weaning performance of crossbred pigs (3-8 months). In this trial, 75% crossbred (Large White Yorkshire x Desi) pigs were fed with diets supplemented with NSPs degrading enzymes at various levels viz., 0 (T1), 500 (T2) and 1000 (T3) g/ton of feed. The pigs in T3 had significantly (P<0.05) higher 240-day body weight and average daily weight gain over the control. The feed intake was increased with the proportion of increase in level of enzyme addition. Feed efficiency was observed better 7.90 and 5.39 % respectively in pigs fed diets supplemented with 500 and 1000 g enzyme/ton of feed than control. The feed cost per kg weight gain was lower in enzyme supplemented groups than control. The decrese was 9.03 and 4.62 per cent in T2 and T3 compared to control. The supplementation of NSPs degrading enzyme @ 500 g/ton of feed was found effective in terms of improving weight gain, feed efficiency and feed cost per kg weight gain.OtherItem Open Access Effect of NSP Enzymes on Growth Performance and Economics in Crossbred (Large White Yorkshire x Desi) Pigs(TANUVAS, 2013-08) Jaishankar, S.; Murugan, M.; Hariharan, T.; Muthulakshmi, M.; Radhakrishnan, L.OtherItem Open Access Efficacy of Diary Supplementation of Protease on Growth Performance and Economics in Crossbred (Large White Yorkshire x Desi) Pigs(TANUVAS, 2013-08) Hariharan, T.; Radhakrishnan, L.; Jaishankar, S.; Murugan, M.; Muthulakshmi, M.ArticleItem Open Access Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India(Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2014) Karuppannan, A.K.; Ramesh, A.; Reddy, Y.K.; Ramesh, S.; Mahaprabhu, R.; Jaisree, S.; Roy, Parimal; Sridhar, R.; Pazhanivel, N.; Sakthivelan, S.M.; Sreekumar, C.; Murugan, M.; Jaishankar, S.; Gopi, H.; Purushothaman, V.; Kumanan, K.; Babu, M.; TANUVASIncidence of unusually high numbers of stillbirds was observed at a piggery unit at the Veterinary University research farm in Tamil Nadu State of India. Systematic examination of the tissue from stillborn piglets led to the identification of presence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Detailed analysis utilizing electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaciton and sequencing confirmed the presence of PCV2 in the tissue of affected piglets. Histopathology analysis of the affected piglet tissue showed lymphoid cell depletion of lymphnodes, spleen and infiltration of liver, kidney, myocardiu, etc. Retrospective examination of the morbidity and mortality history in the farm revealed high mortality in young and weanling piglets suggestive of PCV2 infection-induced diseases. This is the first report of emergence of major disease incidence in farmed swine due to PCV2 infection in India.ArticleItem Open Access Estradiol and progesterone levels and expression of estrus behaviour during estrus in repeat breeder cows(2021) Suresh, A.; Joseph, C.; Sarath, T.; Sureshkumar, R.; Jaishankar, S.; TANUVASThe present study was designed to compare serum estradiol-17β and progesterone levels during estrus of repeat breeders with normally cycling cows and 40 crossbred cows, divided into two groups, normally cycling (Group 1, n=20) and repeat breeders (Group 2, n=20) were used for the study. Blood was collected on the day of estrus for hormonal analyses of estradiol-17β and progesterone using ELISA kits. A significant (p<0.05) difference was found in the serum estradiol levels, higher in Group 1 (50.49 pg/ml) than Group 2 (41.85 pg/ml). No significant difference was seen in serum progesterone levels. Lower estradiol-17β concentrations during estrus in repeat breeder cows can affect the final stages of follicular growth and development besides expression of estrus behaviour, and can be a potential cause of repeat breeding.ArticleItem Open Access Gross morphometric findings of udder and teat in Boer local she-goats(2019) Ilavarasan, S.; Reetha, T. Lurthu; Jaishankar, S.; Sheeba, A.; Jyothi Priya, R.; TANUVASA wide variety of plant and plant based preparations have been used since long in veterinary medicine for therapy of many disorders and diseases. Many hormonal preparations have been tried on animals to restore the fertility whose results are suboptimal. According to the popular beliefs, ancient traditions and standard works by different workers, a number of plants or preparations have been mentioned as fertility modulator. Post treatment Conception percentage with one time EVM therapy was 40%. And with the second time EVM therapy Conception percentage was 100%. In this review we highlight the different combinations of ethno-veterinary medicines including plants and their products for enhancing the fertility with special reference to heifers.ArticleItem Open Access GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MADRAS RED SHEEP UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS(Indian Society for Sheep and Goat Production and Utilization, 2009-10) Sivakumar, T.; Balasubramanyam, D.; Jawahar, K. Thilak Pon; Gopi, H.; Jaishankar, S.; TANUVASSheep rearing constitutes an important species of livestock for poverty alleviation and as an income source of rural masses. It contributes to nearly 40 per cent to the total meat production in Tamil Nadu. Madras Red sheep is being reared mostly in the northern parts of Tamil Nadu. A study was carried out to evaluate the growth and reproductive performance of Madras Red sheep reared in field conditions under the Network Project on Sheep.ArticleItem Open Access GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS UNDER DIFFERENT F ORMS OF FEEDING(TANUVAS, 2003-02) Jaishankar, S.; Arunchalam, S.; Sivakumar, T.; Muralidharan, M.R.; Ramesh, V.; TANUVASAt present the pigs are reared intensively in many eonnnereial faims and different methods of feeding have been praetised. A comprehensive study involving different forms of feeding can bring out merits and dernerits of each. The present study Was aimcd to find out suitable form of feeding to improve the growth performance of pigs.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of Co-Composting Materials and Bio Accelerator on Temperature and pH Variation During Composting Process(Indian Veterinary Association, 2018-03) Ragavendran, P.; Thennarasu, A.; Sundaram, S. Meenakshi; Bandeswaran, C.; Jaishankar, S.; Sivakumar, T.; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to nd out the effect of co-composting materials and bio accelerator on temperature and pH variation during composting process. It was observed from the results that the thermophilic phase (40-64ºC) was reached earlier in treatment groups which have decomposed earlier i.e treatments 1 and 2. It took more time to reach the thermophilic phase in treatment 3 and 4 due to the addition of coir pith and maximum time was taken in treatment 5 where no bio- accelerator were added. A reduction in pH was noticed in all the treatment groups as the decomposition process progressed.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of Season and Concentration of Sperms on Productive Performance of Large White Yorkshire Pigs(2017-04) Jaishankar, S.; Gnanaraj, P. Tensingh; Sivakumar, T.; Ronald, B.S.M.; Subramanian, A.; Jawahar, K. Tilak Pon; TANUVASA study was conducted in Large White Yorkshire pigs maintained at Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Tamilnadu to study the influence of season and different spermatozoa concentrations on productive performance of sows. The mean birth weight was significantly higher (P<0.01) in diluted semen group with spermatozoa dose of 1.8 billion (1.34 ± 0.02 kg) compared to natural service group (1.27 ± 0.02 kg), neat semen group (1.21 ± 0.02 kg) and diluted semen group with spermatozoa dose of 3.6 billion (1.30 ± 0.02 kg). Similarly, treatment groups had significant influence (P<0.01) on weaning weight. However, the litter weight at birth and weaning did not show any significant influence between the treatment groups. Piglets of diluted semen group with spermatozoa dose of 1.8 billion had highest weaning weight compared to the other three groups. The difference in pre-weaning weight gain was found to be highly significant between the four treatment groups with highest gain in diluted semen group with spermatozoa dose of 1.8 billion (188.49 ± 4.10 g/day) due to smaller litter size. Season had a highly significant influence (P<0.01) on birth weight, litter weight at birth and litter weight at weaning. The highest litter weight at weaning was recorded during farrowing at summer (74.57 ± 2.39 kg), followed by rainy season (62.88 ± 1.93 kg). It was observed that season had no influence on weaning weight, pre-weaning weight gain and pre-weaning mortality rate in piglets.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of Season and Sperm Concentration on Reproductive Performance of Large White Yorkshire Pigs(TANUVAS, 2018-01) Jaishankar, S.; Gnanaraj, P. Tensingh; Sivakumar, T.; Ronald, B.S.M.; Subramanian, A.; Venkataramanan, R.; TANUVASA study was conducted in Large White Yorkshire pigs maintained at Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Tamilnadu to study the influence of different spermatozoa concentrations and season on reproductive performance of sows. The reduction in spermatozoa dose from 3.6 billion to 1.8 billion had no significant influence on conception rate and farrowing rate. Treatment groups had significant influence (P<0.05) on total number of piglets born. Insemination dosage had no signifi cant influence on litter size born alive and litter size at weaning. It was observed that season had a highly significant influence (P<0.01) on total number of piglets born, litter size born alive and litter size at weaning.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of Season on Milk Composition of Jersey X Red Sindhi Crossbred Cows Under Farm Condition(2018-01) Maheswari, S.; Jaishankar, S.; Gopi, H.; Kumar, K. Suresh; TANUVASA study was conducted to assess the influence of season on milk composition of Jersey X Red Sindhi crossbred cows maintained at Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam. A total of 720 milk samples were collected at weekly interval from December 2015 to May 2016. The entire study period was divided into two seasons namely, winter (December-February) and summer (March-May). The milk composition viz., fat, solid not fat, total solid, protein and lactose content of milk were analyzed. All parameters of milk except lactose, showed highly significant (p<0.01) difference between seasons.OtherItem Open Access Laying Performance of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Under Organised Farming Condition(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2018-12) Henry, A. Clement Ebenezer; Jaishankar, S.; Sheeba, A.; Mehala, C.; TANUVASThe study was conducted to analyze the laying performance of Aseel (n=153) and Kadaknath (n=16) hen reared under semi-intensive type of housing at TANUVAS - Regional Research and Educational Centre, Pudukkottai during 2016-2017. The birds were fed with ad libituin quantity of layer diet from 18 weeks of age and provided drinking water in automatic nipple drinker installed in the open fenced area meant for scavenging activity. The laying of eggs in Aseel and Kadaknath chicken started from 20th week and 22nd week respectively and the birds were reared upto 70 weeks of age.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of Artificial Insemination Technique in Large White Yorkshire Pigs(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014) Jaishankar, S.; TANUVAS; Gnanaraj, P. Tensingh; Sivakumar, T.; Subramanian, A.; Ronald, B. Samuel MasilamoniArticleItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF MADRAS RED SHEEP UNDER FARMER'S FLOCKS(Indian Society for Sheep and Goat Production and Utilization, 2010-10) Balasubramanyam, D.; Jaishankar, S.; Sivaselvam, S.N.; TANUVASThe overall performance of Madras Red sheep reared under field condition was recorded during 2003-04. The mean body weight of ewes at breeding was 26.94±0.03 kg and lambing percent was 83.25. The overall birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month body weight was 2.67±0.006, 9.69±0.028, 14.34±0.035, 17.55±0.055 and 21.20±0.080 kg, respectively. The average daily weight gain during 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months and 9-12 months was 69.99±0.23, 44.56±0.23, 32.60±0.55 and 33.11±0.14 g, respectively. The average daily weight gain was significant for the post-weaning and adult between seasons. The body weight, except at birth in Madras Red sheep, showed significant difference between the seasons. Sex had significant influence on body weight at all stages of growth.ArticleItem Open Access Performance of Three Way Synthetic Pigs under Different Management Systems(JAKRAYA, 2014-10) Murugan, M.; Jaishankar, S.; Gopi, H.; Babu, M.; TANUVASA trial was conducted to assess the growth performance and carcass traits of three-way synthetic (Duroc x (Large White Yorkshire x Landrace) pigs under different management systems. Sixteen weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each. Piglets in Group I was maintained under intensive system of housing and they were maintained only on farm concentrate. Piglets belonging to Group II, maintained under semi-intensive system of management i.e. allowed for exercise in the closed paddock for two hours daily. There was a significant difference in monthly body weights, average daily gain and feed efficiency. Group II had significantly (P<0.01) higher dressing percentage; lesser back fat thickness and higher gut weight than group I. It was found that allowing for exercise in closed paddock will improve the performance of breeding stock.