Browsing by Author "Dhama, Kuldeep"
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ArticleItem Open Access DETECTION AND PARTIAL GENETIC CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL VARIANT OF AVIAN NEPHRITIS VIRUS IN INDIAN POULTRY FLOCKS SHOWING DIVERSE CLINICAL SIGNS(2015-06) Gowthaman, Vasudevan; Singh, Sambu Dha; Dhama, Kuldeep; Barathidasan, Rajamani; Srinivasan, Palani; Saravanan, Sellappan; Gopalakrishnamurthy, Thippichettypalayam Ramasamy; Deb, Rajib; Mathapati, Basavaraj; Ramakrishnan, Muthannan Andavar; TANUVASAvian nephritis virus (ANV) infects poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed cases have been reported from India so far. In the current study, disease investigation was carried out in 21 broiler flocks at different parts of India with clinical signs of nephritis, uneven and stunted growth, diarrhoea, reduced body weight, and mortality up to 9.72%. Out of the 21 flocks screened, two were found positive for ANV in RT-PCR assay. BLAST analysis revealed that the ANV of Indian origin was closely related to ANV-1 strains reported from Japan, Hungary and China. However, comparison of a small portion (~12% of nucleotides, i.e. ~60 nts, common site for ANV-1 and ANV-3, position 2200–2260 of ORF 1a gene) of the Indian ANV sequence with ANV-3 sequences revealed 89–93% identities with different ANV-3 isolates. Phylogenetically, ANV-1 forms three clades, and the Indian ANV clustered under clade II. This study confirms the existence of ANV in Indian poultry flocks and is the first report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of ANV from India.ArticleItem Open Access Equine Brucellosis: Review On Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs, Prevention And Control(2016-12) Karthik, K.; Prabakar, G.; Bharathi, R.; Khurana, Sandip Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep; TANUVASBrucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases that affect several domestic animals, wild animals and also marine mammals. Though there is no specific Brucella sp. that can affect horses, B. abortus and B. suis can affect horses naturally and B. canis experimental infection has also been reported in equines. Brucellosis in equines is characterized by two conditions namely Poll evil and fistulous withers. Organism has its predilection for joints, ligaments and tendons in case of equines and causes inflammatory conditions leading to formation of fistula. Equine brucellosis has been documented from several parts of the world and prevalence has been reported time to time mostly based on serological diagnosis. Diagnosis of brucellosis mainly depends on serological methods though isolation of the organism is the gold standard. Due to hazardous nature of the pathogen, tests like Rose Bengal plate agglutination test, Standard tube agglutination test and other serological assays are commonly employed. Isothermal amplification assay like LAMP are gaining momentum these years due to swiftness in diagnosis of the pathogen. LAMP with high specificity and sensitivity for detection of Brucella spp. and also B. abortus has been developed in the recent years. Prevention and control of brucellosis is of utmost important to halt the spread of the organism to other animals and human. Trauma is a major reason for predisposition of poll evil and fistulous withers hence proper fitting of saddle will help to prevent the disease. Housing and feeding the horses separately can prevent spread of disease from cattle. The present review discusses equine brucellosis, its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs along with appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of four herbal preparations (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA,TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA,AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND E CARE SE HERBAL) against chicken infectious anaemia in chicks(IVRI, Izzat Nagar, 2013) Latheef, S. K.; Dhama, KuldeepArticleItem Open Access Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys – current knowledge(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Dhama, Kuldeep; Gowthaman, Vasudevan; Karthik, Kumaragurubaran; Tiwari, Ruchi; Sachan, Swati; Kumar, M. Asok; Palanivelu, M.; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Raj Kumar; Munir, Muhammad; TANUVASHaemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), an adenovirus associated with acute haemorrhagic gastrointestinal disease of 6–11-week old turkeys predominantly hampers both humoral and cellular immunity. Affected birds are more prone to secondary complications (e.g. colibacillosis and clostridiosis) and failure to mount an effective vaccine-induced immune response. HEV belongs to the new genus Siadenovirus. Feco-oral transmission is the main route of entry of the virus and it mainly colonizes bursa, intestine and spleen. Both naturally occurring virulent and avirulent strains of HEVs are serologically indistinguishable. Recent findings revealed that ORF1, E3 and fib genes are the key factors affecting virulence. The adoption of suitable diagnostic tools, proper vaccination and biosecurity measures have restrained the occurrence of disease epidemics. For diagnostic purposes, the best source of HEV is either intestinal contents or samples from spleen. For rapid detection highly sensitive and specific tests such as quantitative real-time PCR based on Taq man probe has been designed. Avirulent strains of HEV or MSDV can be effectively used as live vaccines. Novel vaccines include recombinant hexon proteinbased subunit vaccines or recombinant virus-vectored vaccines using fowl poxvirus (FPV) expressing the native hexon of HEV. Notably, subunit vaccines and recombinant virus vectored vaccines altogether offer high protection against challenge or field viruses. Herein, we converse a comprehensive analysis of the HEV genetics, disease pathobiology, advancements in diagnosis and vaccination along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.ArticleItem Open Access Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India(Springer, 2016-06) Gowthaman, Vasudevan; Dayal Singh, Sambhu; Dhama, Kuldeep; Aurumugam Desingu, Perumal; Kumar, Asok; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Munir, Muhammad; TANUVASNewcastle disease virus (NDV) infects at least 241 species of pet and free-living birds in addition to domesticated avian species. Wild, feral and domesticated birds are recognized reservoirs of NDV, and contribute to the epidemiology of NDV in the domesticated poultry. The biological and molecular characterization of velogenic NDV (vNDV) from emus is limited. In this study, 54 tis- sues were collected from eight Emu flocks between May 2010 and January 2012 from highly poultry-dense areas of India including Namakkal, Hyderabad and Bareilly regions. The presence of vNDV was confirmed by virus isolation, fusion (F)-gene based RT-PCR, sequencing of the cleavage site and the virulence scored. One out of eight flocks received from Hyderabad region was found positive for NDV and the in vivo pathotyping revealed the isolate to be vNDV type. The sequence analysis revealed that the isolate had cleavage site of 112-R-R-R-K-R-F-117, which is typical for vNDV. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial ‘F’ gene coding regions suggested that the NDV strain belongs to genotype XIII. The Emu isolate had 98–100 % nucleotide identity with the vNDVs previously reported in poultry flocks of India. The findings of present study based on the biological and molecular characteriza- tion of Emu-origin vNDV, highlights the circulation of genotype XIII in Emus for the first time in the country. There is need to understand the possible spill over of these genetically diverse NDV strains into the commercial poultry and their possible implications in disease control strategies.ThesisItem Open Access Pathogenicity And Immunosuppressive Effects Of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (Ciav) In Chicks And Evaluation Of Diagnostic Tests For Its Detection(Indian Veterinary Research Institute;Bareilly, 2002) Dhama, Kuldeep; Kataria, J.M.