Browsing by Author "Arya, Nisha"
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ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of kasuti embroidery motifs for hand painted textile articles(CCSHAU, 2016) Renu; Arya, NishaThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to explore the possibility of adaptation of kasuti embroidery motifs for fabric painting. Fifty kasuti embroidery motifs were collected personally from secondary sources like books, journals, and internet. The collected motifs were screened and categorized as geometrical, floral, and animal & bird motifs keeping in mind their suitability for fabric painting on selected articles. These three categories included ten motifs each. These motifs were assessed by experts for their selection. Top ranked five motifs in each category were selected by experts for further research work. Maximum number of collected motifs were geometrical and floral motifs. Preference of experts for selection of article to be hand painted using traditional kasuti embroidery motifs. A total of forty five designs were created using fifteen selected motifs with the help of CorelDRAW software. Top ranked three designs were selected by expertts by using a preferential choice index for design placements and colour ways. A total of six articles, three hand painted jacket and three hand painted file folder were developed as per the selected designs, their placements and colour ways. Developed articles were assessed by sixty consumers for their acceptability on various parameters. Created designs and fabric painting technique were highly acceptable parameters while design placement, colour ways were acceptable parameters of all the designs by consumers. In terms of overall appearance, design number 11 of painted jacket got Ist rank followed by design number 16 got IInd rank while painted jacket of design number 5 got IIIrd rank. Painted file folder of design number 37 got Ist rank, painted file folder of design number 28 got IInd rank and painted file folder of design number 21 got IIIrd rank. Cost of all the developed articles was considered ‘appropriate. Consumers had high opinion about all the designs of developed articles as they were strongly agreed with all the opinion statements regarding suitability of created designs for product and technique, size and shape of created designs, design placements, colour schemes and overall appearance of the developed articles with average scores ranging between 2.36 to 2.60. Consumers had high opinion regarding adaptation of kasuti embroidery for fabric painting as they strongly opined that fabric painting was time saving and cost effective surface embellishment technique as per market trend. It was easy in execution and has effectively replicated the effect of kasuti embroidery to maintain its beauty. Thus, transformation of innovative designs of kasuti embroidery motifs for hand painting has enhanced the range of designing and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of traditional painting motifs for Aari work(CCSHAU, 2015) Sodhi, Suman; Arya, NishaThe present study on ‘Adaptation of Traditional Painting Motifs for Aari Work’ was conducted to strengthen creativity by exploring the possibility of fusion of traditional painting motifs and Aari work with different fabric embellishment techniques. The concept behind the theme was to create new range of textile designs by maintaining the beauty and originality of traditional paintings as well as Aari work. In this study, two famous traditional Indian paintings that is Madhubani and Warli were selected keeping in mind their suitability to Aari work. Out of total eighty motifs which were collected through secondary sources, thirty motifs were selected by experts’ preferences for development of designs. Two designs for each selected motif of both the paintings were developed using CAD. Six designs i.e. 22a, 21b and 35a from Madhubani painting and 24b.10b and 9a were selected on the basis of experts’ preferences. Twenty four samples were prepared using three fabric embellishment techniques i.e. hand painting with Aari work, hand painting & patch with Aari work and stencil printing with Aari work and controlled sample of pure Aari work for Madhubani and Warli painting designs. The prepared samples were got assessed by the experts and consumers in overall appeal, cost acceptability and suitability of designs and techniques used. It was found that the respondents had very high opinion about the developed designs and techniques. The cost of prepared samples of Madhubani and Warli painting was highly acceptable by the majority of the respondents. The work done in the form of prepared samples was appreciated and preferred for application on wide range of articles. Thus, the motifs explored from Madhubani and Warli paintings were highly acceptable for product development as variety of designs can be created through the use of CAD technology. Fusion of traditional art forms with different techniques will help in making the designing cost effective while simultaneously being time and energy saving.ThesisItem Open Access Antibacterial finish on cotton using Giloy extract(CCSHAU, 2019) Kumari Medha; Arya, NishaThe present study was intended to apply antibacterial finish on cotton fabric by using Giloy stem extract. To achieve the objectives projected in the research design, Giloy stem extract was selected for giving finishing treatment to cotton fabric. Pretreatment was given to cotton fabric prior to the application of finish using standardized concentration of Giloy stem extract with exhaust and pad dry cure methods. Giloy stem were extracted by cold aqueous maceration and soxhlet evaporation. It was found that percentage yield of extract was 18.2 per cent after 36 hours for Giloy stems. Bacteria (Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were selected for the present study. The antibacterial activity of the extract was tested using agar well diffusion method. It was observed that the extract possessed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but had no resistance against Bacillus spp. Hence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected for further research. To study the efficacy of Giloy stem extract on cotton fabric, finished samples were tested for microbial resistance quantitatively by AATCC-100 test method before and after washing the samples (five wash cycles). The antibacterial finish applied with Giloy stem extract by exhaust and pad dry cure methods, was highly effective after 24 hours of inoculation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After 24 hours, antibacterial resistance gradually decreased and after 96 hours it reduced to 88.55 per cent and 89.33 per cent in cotton fabric sample finished by exhaust and pad dry cure methods, respectively. The cotton fabric sample finished with Giloy stem extract by exhaust and pad dry cure methods were analyzed for their bacterial resistance after five wash cycles. After 24 hours, the resistance gradually decreased and after 96 hours, it reduces to 87.44 per cent and 88.55 per cent by exhaust and pad dry cure methods, respectively. Thus, there was continuous decrease in antibacterial activity with increase in incubation period after washing but even then the finish was actively retained in washed samples after 96 hours. It was further concluded that after inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, microbes did not alter the physical properties of the finished samples heavily. Finished fabric was analyzed for change in physical properties and it was found that fabric weight, thickness, bulk and elongation of fabric were increased while fabric count, tensile strength, bending length, flexural rigidity, air permeability and moisture regain were decreased. After washing, physical properties of finished fabric were again investigated and it was found that fabric count, weight, thickness, bulk, bending length, flexural rigidity and tensile strength of Giloy stem extract finished sample decreased while elongation, air permeability and moisture regain increased. Conclusively, Giloy stem extract was observed as an efficient natural source for imparting antibacterial finish on textiles.ThesisItem Open Access Application of natural dye with biomordant to enhance the dyeability of cotton fabric(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Kushwah, Namrata; Arya, NishaIncreasing concern about environmental pollution in all aspects of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of biomordants on the effectiveness of dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dyes as an alternative to metal based mordants and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. curry leaves and pomegranate peel for sappanwood dye and two biomordants i.e. lemon peel and pomegranate peel for madder dye was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric was pretreated with selected biomordants and dyed with selected natural dyes. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of the biomordant treated dyed fabric samples were done. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample and FTIR analysis revealed the change in various chemical compositions on the fabric surface due to biomordant treatment. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were mordanting with 11 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 9 pH, at 60°C treatment temperature and 60 minutes treatment time for curry leaves and pomegranate peel, respectively for sappanwood dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were mordanting with 15 and 11 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio and 1:40 M: L Ratio, 7 and 9 pH, at 60°C and 45°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for lemon peel and pomegranate peel, respectively for madder dye. All the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The curry leaves treated and pomegranate peel treated dyed (sappanwood) fabric and lemon peel and pomegranate peel treated dyed (madder) fabric showed the highest UPF value indicating excellent protection category The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed good bacterial resistance against E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, it is concluded that biomordant treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment of fabric samples dyed with natural dye improved the performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Home Furnishing Textile Articles using Digital Embroidery(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Sarita Devi; Arya, NishaIndia has a rich heritage of traditional textiles. The Indian traditional embroidery plays an important role in creating new designs in the fashion world. The present study has been conducted to develop digital embroidered home furnishing textile articles using Indian traditional embroidery motifs. The Indian traditional embroideries which can be easily transformed into digital form were explored from secondary sources and five top ranked Indian traditional embroideries i.e. Kashidakari, Phulkari, Kasuti, Applique work and Kutch & Kathiawar were selected for further work. Top preferred three home furnishing textile articles, double bed sheet with pillow covers, roman blind and cushion cover were selected for product development. Top ten preferred motifs, were selected for development of designs as per preferences of experts. One hundred fifty designs (30 for each selected embroidery) were created, using selected motifs with the help of Corel DRAW X3 software. Top ranked three designs from each selected embroidery, design number 1, 8 and 19 from Kashidakari embroidery; design number 1, 4 and 19 from Phulkari embroidery; design number 4, 11 and 26 from Kasuti embroidery; design number 9, 16 and 24 from Appliqué work and design number 9, 16 and 24 from kutchand kathiawar embroidery were selected on the basis of experts’ preferences for preparation of design placements. Preferences of experts were also taken for fabric and base color of fabric for product development. On the basis of experts’ preference, top preferred placements and colour ways were selected for product development. A total of forty five home furnishing textile articles i.e. bed sheet with two pillow covers (3 numbers), roman blind (one number) and set of cushion cover (5 numbers) were developed in five selected embroideries employing selected designs, preferred design placement and color ways on selected golden tint fabric using digital embroidery. The cost of developed double bed sheet with pillow covers ranged from Rs. 4750 to 5000, roman blinds ranged from Rs. 4700 to 4800 and cushion cover (set of five) ranged from Rs. 4200 to 4500. Majority of the consumers rated cost as appropriate for developed double bed sheet with pillow covers and cushion covers whereas rated cost as high for roman blind. All the developed digital embroidered home furnishing textile articles were highly acceptable by consumers. Thus, adoption of developed designs from Indian traditional embroidery motifs on home furnishing textile articles using digital embroidery technique is beneficial in preservation of traditional heritage of Indian embroidery and also facilitate faster production in lesser time.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of biomordants on dyeability of cotton fabric with natural dye(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Neeta; Arya, NishaIncreasing concern about environmental pollution in all sphere of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the present study has been planned to assess the effect of biomordant on dyeing efficacy of cotton with natural dye substituting metal based mordant and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. harad and heena was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric were pre-treated with selected two biomordants and dyed with selected natural dye. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis of biomordanted fabric samples. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were pre mordanting stage with 5 and 10 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 6 and 4 pH, 60° and 80°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for heena and harad, respectively. Both the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The results revealed that among both the biomordants treated dyed fabrics, heena treated dyed fabric showed maximum increase in bending length (2.39 cm) and heena treated dyed sample showed highest increase in elongation (29.68%), crease recovery angle (113 degree), moisture regain (10 %) and wickability (3.86cm). The heena treated and Babool bark dyed fabric showed the highest UPF value (56.89) indicating excellent protection category while in harad treated dyed fabric UPF value was (48.76). The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed bacterial resistance against E. coli (93.35%) and S. aureus (88.07%). Thus, it is concluded that biomordants treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment and Babool bark dye improved the mechanical and performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Enzymatic Treatment on Softening of Jute Fabric(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-06) Jamal, Zeba; Arya, NishaJute has many beneficial properties such as high tensile strength and modulus with good dimensional stability but has some drawbacks such as harshness, poor wrinkle recovery, high fiber shedding, yellowing on exposure to sunlight, susceptible to microbial attack and less resistant to fire. The present study has been conducted to note the effects of enzymatic treatment on softening of jute fabric. Desizing and scouring was done by conventional and enzymatic method. Enzymatic desizing and scouring depicted better water absorption and weight loss, hence it was continued. Three commercial softeners and four enzymes were procured on the basis of their suitability for softening of jute fabric. Eighteen combinations of commercial softeners and 39 combinations of enzymes were tried and one top ranked combination from each category selected on the basis of preference of experts was continued for further research work. Standardization of commercial softener and enzymatic treatment for jute fabric was done on the basis of improvement in mechanical properties i.e. bending length, flexural rigidity and drape coefficient. Application of conventional chemical treatment was done by exhaust method. Application of aminosilicone softener and enzymatic treatment was done as per optimized conditions by pad dry cure method. SEM was done to understand the changes in surface morphology after each treatment. The changes in physical and functional properties after different treatments were studied. There was improvement in softness and drape after each treatment but maximum decrease in bending length (40.64 per cent in warp and 45.43 per cent in weft), flexural rigidity (86.14 per cent) and drape coefficient (30.86 per cent) was observed after enzymatic treatment. The enzymatically treated jute fabric exhibited 13 CFUs for E.coli bacteria with 95.11 per cent reduction in the growth of bacteria whereas it showed 131 CFUs for S. aureus bacteria having 88.32 per cent reduction in the growth as compared to controlled sample. It was also discerned that the UPF value of the scoured fabric was 13.07 which increased to 57.64 when treated with enzymes with very good grade under protection category. The conventional chemical treatment also showed some improvement in UPF value (23.88) but the ultra violet protection property increased slightly (13.89) after commercial softener treatment. The differently treated fabric samples were washed 20 times and changes in physical and functional properties after 5, 10, 15 and 20 washing cycles were recorded. The enzymatic treatment was found to be most durable as it was successfully retained up to 15 washes. Preferences of experts‟ for development of products from enzymatically softened jute fabric was taken. Top two preferred products from three categories i.e. home furnishing articles, utility articles and apparel & accessories were selected for product development. Eighteen designs (3 for each selected article) were developed using Corel Draw 12 software. On the basis of experts‟ preference, top preferred design for each product was selected for product development. A total of six products viz. table runner, table mats (set of six), wall pocket, handbag, ladies jacket and cap were developed. Their cost was calculated including the cost of fabric, enzymatic treatment, stitching and finishing. The products were got assessed by fifty consumers for their market potential. All the developed products were highly acceptable by consumers. Thus, the enzymatic softening treatment is considered appropriate for jute fabric and it will help in mainstreaming and revival of its status in global market.ThesisItem Open Access Effects of Softening Agent on Drapability of Cotton Khadi Fabric” submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Chauhan, Neha; Arya, NishaKhadi can be deliberated as the vocal evocative of the Indian cottage Industry. Khadi fabric is emerging as a fashion fabric with shifted designers‟ interest in apparels but khadi also has drawbacks associated with it as cotton khadi is prone to wrinkles, poor drapability, higher maintenance cost etc. The present study has been conducted to study the effects of softening agent on drapability of cotton khadi fabric. Desizing and scouring was done by conventional and enzymatic method. Enzymatic desizing and scouring depicted better water absorption; hence it was continued for further research work. Three commercial softeners and three enzymes were procured on the basis of their suitability for softening of cotton khadi fabric. Eighteen combinations of commercial softeners and eighteen combinations of enzymes were tried and one top ranked combination from each category was selected on the basis of preference of experts. Standardization of commercial softener and enzymatic treatment for cotton khadi fabric was done on the basis of improvement in mechanical properties i.e. bending length, flexural rigidity and drape coefficient. Application of conventional chemical treatment was done by exhaust method. Application of amino-silicone softener and enzymatic treatment was done as per optimized conditions by pad dry cure method. SEM was done to understand the changes in surface morphology and FTIR analysis was performed for understanding the functional groups after each treatment. The changes in physical and functional properties after different treatments were studied. The results showed improvement in softness and drape after each treatment with decrease in bending length (1.29 per cent in warp and 5.43 per cent in weft), flexural rigidity (5.93 per cent) and drape coefficient (6.89 per cent) after conventional chemical treatment. After commercial softener treatment also, decrease in bending length (9.09 per cent in warp and 15.21 per cent in weft), flexural rigidity (21.53 per cent) and drape coefficient (16.92 per cent) was observed and maximum decrease in bending length (18.18 per cent in warp and 27.17 per cent in weft), flexural rigidity (41.06 per cent) and drape coefficient (28.37 per cent) was observed after enzymatic treatment. The treated cotton khadi fabric was assessed for reduction in the growth of bacteria for K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Conventional chemical treated fabric exhibited per cent reduction of 32.43 for K. pneumoniae and 9.37 per cent for S. aureus whereas commercial softener treated fabric exhibited per cent reduction of 36.48 for K. pneumoniae and 45.31 for S. aureus. Enzymatically treated fabric exhibited per cent reduction of 32.43 per cent for K. pneumoniae and 37.50 for S. aureus in the growth as compared to controlled sample. It was also discerned that the UPF value of the scoured fabric was 8.07 which increased to 17.54 when treated with enzymes with good grade under protection category. The conventional chemical treatment also showed improvement in UPF value with moderate grade protection(14.70) but the ultra violet protection property increased slightly (8.88) after commercial softener treatment. The differently treated fabric samples were washed and changes in physical properties after 5, 10, 15 and 20 washing cycles were recorded. Conclusively, the application of softening agents improved the drapability and other physical as well as functional properties of treated cotton khadi fabric and will be beneficial for fulfilling the growing demand of suitable fabric hand and drape.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of lemon peel extract for microbial resistance on cotton fabric(CCSHAU, 2018) Sushila; Arya, NishaThe present study was planned to apply anti-bacterial finish on cotton fabric by using lemon peels extract. To achieve the objectives proposed in the research plan, lemon peels extract was selected for finish application on cotton fabric. Pretreatment was given to cotton fabric and finish using standardized concentration of lemon peels extract was applied on the fabric with exhaust and pad dry cure methods. Lemon peels were extracted by cold aqueous maceration. It was found that percentage yield of extract was 19.6 % for lemon peels extract. Bacteria(Bacillus spp.)was selected for the present study. To study the effect of lemon peels extract, finished samples were tested for microbial resistance quantitatively by AATCC-100 test method before and after washing of samples. The anti-bacterial finish applied with lemon peels extract by both methods i.e. exhaust and pad dry cure methods, was highly effective after 24 hours of inoculation against Bacillus spp. After 24 hours, anti-bacterial resistance gradually decreased and after 96 hours it reduced to 90.41% and 97.16% in cotton fabric sample finished by exhaust and pad dry cure methods, respectively. The cotton fabric sample finished with lemon peels extract by exhaust and pad dry cure methods exhibited cent percent wash durability after 24 hours of incubation in washed sample (one wash). After 24 hours, it gradually decreased and after 96 hours, it reduces to 89.24 % and 95.66% by exhaust and pad dry cure methods, respectively. Thus, there was continuous decrease in anti-bacterial activity with increase in incubation period after washing but even then anti-bacterial finish was actively retained in washed samples after 96 hours. It was further concluded that after inoculation of Bacillus spp. bacteria, microbes do not effect the physical properties of the finished samples heavily. Finished fabric was tested for physical properties and found that fabric weight, thickness, bulk and elongation of fabric were increased while fabric count, tensile strength, bending length, flexural rigidity, air permeability and moisture regain were decreased. After washing, physical properties of finished fabric were again investigated and found that fabric count, weight, thickness, bulk, bending length, flexural rigidity and tensile strength of lemon peels extract finished sample decreased while elongation, air permeability and moisture regain increased. Conclusively, lemon peels extract was observed as an effective natural source for imparting anti-bacterial finish on textiles.ThesisItem Open Access Household waste management through the production of Vermicompost(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Arya, Nisha; Kala, ShishirCouple of things that are undeniable in natural life for example death, change and the other one is waste. Nothing we can do with the first two, but the waste can be managed and reduced by applying proper management strategies. ‘Waste’ is considered as a global issue. As per the data revealed by the World Bank (2018), stated that 90 per cent of the waste amenably discarded in the landfill sites. The organic waste fraction varies between 40 and 60 per cent of the total solid waste streams of India. By knowing all these things modern science has been proved that there’s no material in the world which is not useful in one way or other and change the definition of waste. Vermicomposting, as a tool of Household Waste Management, is organized conversion of household’s organic waste into a bio-fertilizer (vermicompost) with the help of earthworms. The present study was conducted in University’s residential area Pusa, Bihar. This study was examined to identify the feasibility of vermicomposting in the University residential area and its benefits as a Household Waste Management methods in Pusa. Therefore, by keeping all the aspects into consideration, the following objectives have been taken to study: To study the socio-personal and economic profile of respondents, to assess the biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste per household, to analyze possible revenue generation from household waste through vermicomposting and to observe the constraint perceived and suggestions for improvement in the process of household waste management. Study flagged that there was no relationship of caste, religion and marital status on knowledge on waste management methods. The findings from the study showed that ‘r’ value 0.307 showed a modest positive relationship between total family incomes with KAP. The relationship between the education level with knowledge and practices was ‘r’ value 0.579 which was the most significant at 5% level and indicated sturdy positive relationships. Only 2 per cent gap displayed between the respondent’s knowledge and practices towards the HWM through Vermicomposting which verified that respondents who had less knowledge regarding HWM through vermicomposting were also participating in HWM through management. It was found that mostly woman were responsible for the waste separation and management activities at home. Approximately 55 per cent of the respondents were willingly agreed to pay an additional amount for HWM through vermicomposting. The study pop attention to the verdicts which revealed that each individual generated 0.31kg of waste per capita per day and 1.12 kg of waste per household in Pusa who are residing at the university’s residential campus. Maximum people agreed that HWM through vermicompost creates prominent impact on environment. The study also specified that cost-benefit analysis on HWM through vermicomposting was found 1.44 which proved that has the additional efficiency to generate glowing employment with the improving environment and health benefits. There were no major constraints perceived by respondents, but they suggested to the door to door service providers to fixed proper time every day. It is evinced that the project on HWM through vermicomposting initiated by the University gives a hilarious outcome. Therefore, it can be concluded that the vermicomposting technology, feeding two birds with one scone as this is an environmentally friendly process, managing household waste and provides useful product for sustainable agriculture applications with a fringe benefit that it could also generate revenue and employment.Institutional PublicationsItem Open Access Kapas Chugai ka Unnat Bag 2019(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-02) Yadav, Nirmala; Arya, Nisha; Department of TAD, College of Home Science