Application of natural dye with biomordant to enhance the dyeability of cotton fabric
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Date
2023-05
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
Increasing concern about environmental pollution in all aspects of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of biomordants on the effectiveness of dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dyes as an alternative to metal based mordants and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. curry leaves and pomegranate peel for sappanwood dye and two biomordants i.e. lemon peel and pomegranate peel for madder dye was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric was pretreated with selected biomordants and dyed with selected natural dyes. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of the biomordant treated dyed fabric samples were done. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample and FTIR analysis revealed the change in various chemical compositions on the fabric surface due to biomordant treatment. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were mordanting with 11 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 9 pH, at 60°C treatment temperature and 60 minutes treatment time for curry leaves and pomegranate peel, respectively for sappanwood dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were mordanting with 15 and 11 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio and 1:40 M: L Ratio, 7 and 9 pH, at 60°C and 45°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for lemon peel and pomegranate peel, respectively for madder dye. All the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The curry leaves treated and pomegranate peel treated dyed (sappanwood) fabric and lemon peel and pomegranate peel treated dyed (madder) fabric showed the highest UPF value indicating excellent protection category The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed good bacterial resistance against E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, it is concluded that biomordant treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment of fabric samples dyed with natural dye improved the performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.