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ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-therapeutic studies on anaemia in goats (Capra hircus) with reference to copper, cobalt and iron(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2010) Goklany, Deepika; (A.P. SinghA total of 300 goats were screened to select the positive cases of anaemia for study. Out of total 300, 24 goats suffering from anaemia were classified into 3 groups of 8 each, which were subjected to various drug trials. Another eight apparently healthy goats kept as control were taken from Goat farm, Beechwal, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of various combinations of drugs in different groups, Group-I goats were given treatment regimen Tablet COFECU plus, one tablet daily for 30 days and goats of Group-II goats were subjected to treatment regimen of Injection Feritas @ of 1 ml per adult animal with second and third injection 3 days each after first dosing along with Ayumin V5 mineral mixture 10 g daily for 30 days and Group-III goats were given injections of Curan-9 subcutaneously and repeated after 7 days along with mineral mixture Bestmin gold 10 g daily orally for 30 days. The overall prevalence of anaemia in goats in and around Bikaner district of Rajasthan was found to be 19.66 per cent irrespective of age, sex and breed. Prevalence of anaemia in relation with sex revealed that out of 59 positive cases of anaemia, 48 (81.36%) were female and 11 (18.64%) were male. Age wise the prevalence of anaemia was highest at 4 months to 1 year of age (62.71%) followed by 1 to 2 years of age (20.34%) and above 2 years of age (16.95%). The important clinical manifestations observed in the study were partial to complete anorexia, loss of body condition, depression, dry and rough hair coat, pallor mucous membranes, weakness, shuffling gait, tremor, tachycardia, pulse with large amplitude, slight increase in heart beat intensity, loud heart sounds, in few cases exaggerated apex beat, poor exercise tolerance and coughing were also noticed with low productivity in few milking goats. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, MCH and MCV parameters showed improvement after treatment but are not comparable with the values recorded for healthy control goats indicating some more duration for better recovery. No significant variations in neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils values were observed in anaemic goats. The biochemical parameters revealed decrease in total serum protein, albumin, A: G ratio and glucose values in goats suffering from anaemia, which recovered satisfactorily as a result of treatment regimens given for 30 days. A significant improvement in serum copper, cobalt and iron level were observed after treatment of 30 days in all the groups. Correlation studies revealed highly significant correlation of copper with Hb, PCV, TEC, MCH and MCV. Likewise cobalt exhibited highly significant correlation with Hb, PCV, TEC and MCV and significant correlation with MCH. Similarly, serum iron also had highly significant correlation with Hb, PCV, TEC and significant correlation with MCV and MCH. The correlation of copper, cobalt and iron with MCHC is positive but was statistically nonsignificant. These findings of present study indicated an improvement in haematological as well as biochemical parameters as an effect of treatment with better recovery in G-III group subjected to treatment with injection Curan-9 and Bestmin gold mineral mixture.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum sanctum and Withania somnifera on Subclinical Mastitis in Rathi Cattle(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2016) Aprajita Johri; (A.P. SinghThe present investigation was carried out at local veterinary hospitals and LRS, Rathi of College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner where milk samples of 96 quarters from 24 apparently healthy Rathi cows were subjected to various tests viz. modified California mastitis test (MCMT), total somatic cell count (TSCC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and cultural examination for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of two medicinal plants viz. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) which known to possess anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and antibacterial properties in the therapy of subclinical mastitis in vitro and in vivo. The 24 Rathi cows were divided into four groups with 6 animals in each group viz. Group I (powdered W. somnifera @ 500 mg/kg b.wt), Group II (powdered O.sanctum @ 600 mg/kg b.wt), Group III (aqueous extract of O. sanctum @ 150 mg/kg b.wt) and Group IV (aqueous extract of W.somnifera @ 125 mg/kg b.wt). After 8th day post-treatment, there was no significant change (p>0.05) in electrical conductivity (EC) in all the four groups. There was no significant change (p>0.05) in pH in Group I and Group II post-treatment whereas, in group III and group IV, significant changes (p<0.05) were recorded in pH values posttreatment. Similarly, there was no significant change (p>0.05) in total somatic cell count (TSCC) in Group I and Group II post-treatment but significant changes (p<0.05) were recorded in Group III and Group IV in TSCC values post-treatment. Thus, the results indicated that the aqueous extract of O. sanctum and W. somnifera have shown therapeutic potential in treating subclinical mastitis in Bovines.