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Open Access
DNA FINGER PRINTING OF MARWARI GOAT USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
(12-10-12) Anoop singh; Dr. G.C. Gahlot
The present study describe genetic variability within Marwari goat breed using fifteen microsatellite markers (ETH-152, ETH-225, ILSTS-005, ILSTS-011, ILSTS-019, ILSTS-022, ILSTS-028, ILSTS-030, ILSTS-033,ILSTS-034, ILSTS-044, ILSTS-058, ILSTS-059, ILSTS-065and ILSTS-087) suggested by FAO (ISAG) for the estimation of genetic diversity in Marwari goat. The mean number of observed and effective alleles in Marwari goat was 4.93 and 2.385 respectively and the average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.5485 and 0.5435 respectively. This indicates high diversity for this set of markers in the selected population. Overall observed heterozygosity was found maximum for ILSTS-034 marker (0.9285), hence it can be used for genetic characterization of this breed. The average observed heterozygosity across all the loci was (0.5485), indicates substantial number of heterozygotes, in the population. Maximum Hardy-Weinberg expected heterozygosity (gene diversity) was obtained for ILSTS-011 (0.6805) and minimum for ILSTS-005 (0.2401) indicating highest and lowest range of heterozygosity for these markers. The average Hardy-Weinberg heterozygosity was found to be (0.5435), hence population showed high gene diversity. ILSTS-044 was found to be highly informative for the Marwari breed (PIC=1.1886). Reasonably high PIC values observed for most of the marker with an average PIC value of (0.78096) across all the loci are indicative of the fact that the markers used are highly informative for characterization of Marwari goat diversity. The significant level of variability in this population reflects that the Marwari population contains a valuable genetic diversity. Hence, this population could provide a valuable source of genetic material that may be used for meeting the demands of future breeding programmes.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF DIALLEL CROSS OF KADAKNATH, RIR AND BLACK AUSTRALORP BY GRIFFING’s AND HAYMAN’s APPROACH
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences College of Veterinary and Animal Science Bikaner - 334001, 18-11-15) DEWNA, AJAY SINGH; Prof. Rajeev Kumar Joshi
The data for present investigation, were analyzed from records of a diallel cross experiment conducted between on indigenous breed (Kadaknath) and two exotic breeds (RIR and Black Australorp) during 2014-2015 at Poultry Farm of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan. The overall least-squares mean was observed 54.83±0.128 for egg weight. The average fertility %, hatchability % (FEB) and hatchability % (TEB) were 89.17%, 80.24 and 71.56%, respectively. The overall least-squares means for body weight from hatch to 13 weeks of age at weekly interval were observed 37.57±0.128, 60.08±0.350, 82.90±0.635, 125.57±0.874, 172.65±1.362, 225.00±1.953, 293.88±2.974, 378.56±3.900, 463.14±4.577, 581.52±5.595, 717.64±6.539, 840.80±7.467, 975.76±8.260 and 1108.75±9.987, respectively. The effect of sire breed was found highly significant (p≤0.01) on body weight at hatch, 2 week of age, 3 week and 4 week of age, significant (p≤0.05) on body weight at 1 week, and non-significant on body weight at 5 week to 13 week of age. The effect of dam breed was found highly significant (p≤0.01) on body weight at hatch to 13 week of age. The effect of sire breed was found highly significant (p≤0.01) on average daily gain of 1-2 week, 2-3 week, 4-5 week, 6-7 week, 7-8 week and 8-9 week interval, significant (p≤0.05) on average daily gain of 3-4 week interval and non-significant on average daily gain of hatch-1 week, 5-6 week, 9-10 week, 10-11 week, 11-12 week and 12-13 week interval. The effect of dam breed was found highly significant (p≤0.01) on average daily gain of 1-2 week, 2-3 week, 3-4 week, 5-6 week, 9-10 week, 10-11 week and 12-13 week interval, significant (p≤0.05) on average daily gain of hatch-1 week, 6-7 week and 11-12 week interval and non-significant on weekly weight gain of 4-5 week, 7-8 week and 89 week interval. The heritability estimates from WOMBAT (animal model 1) method for body weights were medium to high. Estimates for direct genetic correlations (rg) between body weights at different ages ranged from 0.220±0.217 for body weight at hatch – 5 week weight to 0.998±0.014 for 7 week weight – 8 week weight. Estimates for phenotypic correlations between body weights at different ages ranged from 0.144±0.055 for body weight at hatch-2 week weight to 0.989±0.036 for 11 week weight-12 week weight. For the egg weight the GCA of Black Australorp was found higher than other, for fertility % the GCA of Kadaknath was higher, for hatchability % (FEB) the GCA of RIR was higher and for hatchability % (TEB) the GCA of Kadaknath was higher than other breeds used in this experiment. The SCA was observed highest for egg weight in R x B cross, for fertility % in K x R cross and for hatchability % (FEB and TEB) in R x B cross. The GCA for body weight was observed highest in Black Australorp at hatch and 2 week of age and in RIR for rest of ages up to 13 week of age. The SCA was observed highest in R x B cross for body weight at hatch, in K x R cross at 12 week and 13 week of age, and body weight from 1 week of age to 11 week of age the SCA effect was observed highest in K x B cross, therefore for body weight at earlier ages (broiler purpose) the K x B cross was found most suitable. The reciprocal effect for body weight was observed highest in K x B cross at hatch, in R x B cross at 3 week and in K x R cross at 1 week, 2 week, 4 week, 5 week, 6 week, 7 week, 8 week, 9 week, 10 week, 11 week, 12 week and 13 week.
Open Access
POLYMORPHISM OF MYOSTATIN GENE IN MARWARI GOAT BY PCR-SSCP METHOD
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner -334001, 18-11-15) KHICHAR, JAI PRAKASH; G. C. Gahlot
Myostatin (MSTN) gene plays an important role in the muscle growth of animals. Genetic variations in MSTN gene were investigated by PCR SSCP using genomic DNA of 120 Marwari goats. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed to amplify exon 1, 2 and 3 of myostatin loci using specific primer sequences. Amplified PCR products were resolved on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Genotyping was performed according to the band pattern of resolved PCR products. Exon 1 was found monomorphic as only one conformation pattern was observed on polyacrylamide gel. This genotype was considered as AA. The PCR amplified product for exon 2 showed two types of conformation patterns on polyacrylamide gel. One of the patterns revealed an extra band in 18 samples out of the 120 samples which could be an indicative of possible mutation in the exon 2 of the myostatin gene of Marwari goat. The pattern showing only two band was considered as genotype AA while the another pattern showing an extra band was denoted as genotype AB. The frequency of AA and AB genotype in exon 2 were 0.85 and 0.15 respectively. Similarly exon 3 also revealed two types of conformation patterns on polyacrylamide gel. One of the patterns revealed an extra band in 12 samples out of the 120 samples which could be an indicative of possible mutation in the exon 3 of the myostatin gene of Marwari goat. The pattern showing only two band was considered as genotype AA while the another pattern showing an extra band was denoted as genotype AB. The frequency of AA and AB genotype in exon 2 were 0.90 and 0.10 respectively. The monomorphic pattern for exon 1 and dimorphic pattern for exon 2 and exon 3 of Myostatin gene in the present study could be used to identify Marwari breed from other breeds of goats. However, a definitive conclusion requires a larger number of goats to be studied.
Open Access
Genomic Organization of Promoter Regions of Milk Protein Genes in Camel
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, 19-05-11) HETU DAN; Dr. C. K. Murdia
Single humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) constitutes an important component of domestic livestock. Camels are considered to be a good source of milk and meat and are used for other purposes such as transportation and sport racing. Camel milk has an important role in human nutrition in the hot regions and arid countries. Camel milk has the ability to inhibit the growth of micro organism because it contains enzyme with antibacterial and anti viral properties. We analysed the genomic organization of β-CSNGP 5’ –flanking region and α-Lactalbumin from Camel. The β-CSNGP comprised 1045 bp and α-Lactalbumin 1126 bp. The β-CSNGP show the presence of TATA box , CAAT box, binding motifs for Oct 1, Oct 2,Oct 4, GR half, YY1, C / EBP and MGF/ STAT5. The promoter had insertional sequence which are shown to be the binding sites for C/EBP and PRL. The α- Lactalbumin show the presence of CAAT box, Oct 1, Oct 4, Runx2, MAF, IRE, GR half, MGF/ STAT5, YY1 and C/EBP. Whereas TATA box, Runx2, PRLE were absent in the sequence . The difference in both sequences was in number of GR half and YY1 factor, MGF factors numbers were same in both sequence which indicate equal expression of mammary gland specific factor. Higher number of YY1 (14 and 11) and GR half (3,12) clearly suggest that prolactin and glucocorticoid with their co-activator play a key regulatory role in over expression of β-CSNG and α-Lactalbumin in camel. These finding facilitate the transgenic researchers to concentrate and simplify the experiment targeting few key regulatory elements.
Open Access
STUDIES ON THE ACCURACY OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF SIRE EVALUATION FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MAGRA
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 19-05-11) VIVEKANAND; Dr. RAJEEV K. JOSHI
The data for the present investigation were analyzed from records of Magra Sheep for improvement of carpet wool production, located at the Arid Region Campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Bikaner The overall least-squares means were observed to be 2.98 ± 0.017, 14.54 ± 0.110, 22.14 ± 0.168, 26.11 ± 0.182 and 28.55 ± 0.202 203 kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. For average daily gain in body weight during 0-3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age, the overall means were reported as 128.00 ± 1.070 g/day, 82.01 ± 1.599 g/day and 35.84 ± 0.640 g/day, respectively. The fixed effect of period had highly significant effect on body weight at birth, three and average daily gain during 0-3 months of age. However, effect of parity was found non-significant on body weight at six, nine, twelve months of age and average daily gains during 3-6 and 6-12months of age. The effect of dam’s weight as a covariate had highly significant effect on all the growth traits. (Co)variance components and genetic parameters for various growth traits were estimated by REML, fitting six animal models and ignoring or including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effects. Direct heritability estimates (from the best model as per likelihood ratio test) for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and average daily gain during birth to weaning, weaning to 6 and 6 to 12 months of age were 0.37±0.043, 0.25±0.040, 0.24±0.041, 0.36 and 0.36±0.055, 0.21 ± 0.043, 0.20 ± 0.037 and 0.16 ± 0.045, respectively. There was no evidence for the maternal genetic effect on all ages up to yearling. Also, the evidence for maternal genetic effect for average daily gain during different periods was not observed as such in the present analysis. A significant large negative correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all the traits. Heritability estimates from paternal half sib method for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and average daily gain during birth to weaning, weaning to 6 and 6 to 12 months of age were 0.29 ± 0.060, 0.30 ± 0.061, 0.59 ± 0.099, 0.77 ± 0.111, 0.83 ± 0.115, 0.24 ± 0.069, 0.98 ± 0.124 and 0.68 ± 0.106, respectively. Genetic correlations of different body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from -0.21 to 0.95, and that of average daily 204 gains during different periods ranged from -0.10 to 0.12. The phenotypic correlations of body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.21 to 0.89, and between average daily gains during different periods ranged from -0.16 to -0.10. The breeding values of Magra rams were estimated by BLUP and DFREML methods of sire evaluation. The average breeding value of Magra sires for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were estimated as 2.97, 14.80, 22.51, 26.37 and 28.33 kg, respectively, using BLUP method and 2.97, 14.81, 22.51, 26.37 and 28.61 kg, respectively, by DFREML method. For average daily gain during birth to 3, 3 to 6 and 6 to12 months of ages, the average breeding values were estimated as 131.14, 82.33 and 37.04 g/day, respectively by BLUP method, and 131.21, 82.33 and 37.04 g/day by DFREML method of sire evaluation. The efficiency, accuracy and stability of both the methods of sire evaluation were compared to judge their effectiveness. DFREML method of sire evaluation was found more efficient and more stable than BLUP. However, BLUP was considered to be more accurate method of sire evaluation over DFREML for all growth traits under study except for body weight at birth. Negative estimates of rank correlations between body weight traits indicate that improvement in one trait might bring depression in other traits. However, there was positive correlation only between ADG1-ADG2. The higher rank correlations (> 0.66) between BLUP and DFREML methods of sire evaluation for various growth traits indicated that there was higher degree of similarity of ranking the sires (>66%) by both the methods of sire evaluation.
Open Access
Genetic Evaluation of Growth, wool and Reproduction Traits of Magra Sheep
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 19-05-11) Subhash Chander; B.K. Beniwal
The data for the present investigation were analyzed from records of Magra sheep is being improved through selection since 1996-97 at Arid Region Campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Bikaner. The overall means of body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 3.00±0.02, 14.58±0.13, 22.07±0.23, 26.13±0.25 and 28.53±0.30 kg, respectively. For gain in body weights were 11.47±0.13, 7.28±0.20, 4.14±0.12, 2.35±0.08 and 25.60±0.29 kg and for average daily gain in body weights were 127.50±1.49, 80.93±2.29, 46.01±1.33, 26.18±0.89 and 70.19±0.79 g/day and for relative growth rate in body weights were 388.50±5.32, 51.67±1.58, 19.49±0.65, 9.17±0.29 and 859.54±13.80 %, respectively during 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12 and 0-12 months of age. Effect of sire was found highly significant on all the traits studied. The fixed effect of period of birth was highly significant on all body weight except birth weight, body weight gain and average daily gain during 9-12 months of age and relative growth rate during 6-9 and 9-12 months of age which were found to be non-significant. The fixed effect of parity had highly significant effect on body weight at birth and three months of age, body weight gain and average daily gains during 0-3 and 3-6 months of age and relative growth rate during 0-3 and 0-12 months of age. The fixed effect of sex was highly significant on all the growth traits except on body weight gain and average daily gain during 9-12 months of age which were found to be non significant. The overall means of greasy fleece yield in Clip- I and Clip II were observed to be 717.31±14.19 and 878.65±18.60 g, respectively. Effect of sex and sire were found to be highly significant on greasy fleece yield in Clip-I and Clip-II. Effect of period of birth and parity were found to be highly significant only on greasy fleece yield in Clip-II. The effect of age of ewe at shearing on greasy fleece yield in Clip-I and Clip-II were found to be non-significant. The overall least-squares mean for age at first service, weight of ewe at first service, age at first lambing, service period and lambing interval were observed to be 632.76±13.54 days, 28.94±0.28 kg, 784.82±14.71 days, 216.72±15.13 days and 366.13±9.12 days, respectively. The effect of sire and year were highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on age at first service, weight of ewe at first service, age at first lambing, service period and lambing interval. The month of birth had highly significant (P≤0.01) effect only on age at first service. observed to be high. Heritability estimates of age at first service and age at first lambing were more than one and in other reproduction traits, it was medium to high. The genetic correlation of birth weight with weights at subsequent ages and weight at 3 months with weights at subsequent ages ranged from -0.38 to 0.54 and -0.05 to -0.17, respectively and that of 6 and 9 months weight with weights at subsequent ages were high. Positive and medium to high phenotypic correlations between different body weights were observed in present study.
Open Access
STUDIES ON DIFFERENT METHODS OF SIRE EVALUATION FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MARWARI SHEEP
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner-334001, 19-05-11) HARVINDER SINGH; Dr. URMILA PANNU
The data for the present investigation were analyzed from records of Sheep Research Project entitled “Improvement of Marwari Sheep for Carpet Wool Production through Selection” under Network Project on Sheep Improvement, located at the Arid Region Campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI), Bikaner, Rajasthan. The overall least-squares means were observed to be 3.14 ± 0.019, 15.13 ± 0.138, 21.14 ± 0.188, 25.85 ± 0.166 and 28.87 ± 0.211 kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. For average daily gain in body weight during 0-3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age, the overall means were reported as 133.59 ± 1.430 g/day, 66.75 ± 1.031 g/day and 38.67 ± 1.170 g/day, respectively. Effect of sire and sex were found highly significant on all the traits studied. The fixed effect of period of birth was highly significant on all the growth traits except on average daily gain during 6-12 months of age. The fixed effect of parity had highly significant effect on body weight at birth and nine months of age. The effect of dam’s weight as a covariate had highly significant effect on almost all the traits except on average daily gain during 3 6 and 6-12 months of age. (Co)variance components and genetic parameters for various growth traits were estimated by REML, fitting six animal models and ignoring or including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effects. Direct heritability estimates (from the best model as per likelihood ratio test) for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and average daily gain during birth to weaning, weaning to 6 and 6 to 12 months of age were 0.28 ± 0.058, 0.27 ± 0.050, 0.68, 0.30 ± 0.080, 0.29, 0.26 ± 0.050, 0.16 ± 0.040 and 0.84, respectively. Additive maternal effect declined from 43% at six months weight to 1% at nine months and was zero at twelve months of age. Maternal permanent environmental effects contributed 19 % of the total phenotypic variation in birth weight and 8% for weaning weight. The evidence for maternal genetic effect for average daily gain was observed only during 6 12 months of age where the additive maternal heritability was estimated as 38%. A significant large negative genetic correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all the traits. Heritability estimates from paternal half sib method for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and average daily gain during birth to weaning, weaning to 6 and 6 to 12 months of age were 0.27 ± 0.069, 0.40 ± 0.062, 0.43 ± 0.055, 0.34 ± 0.101, 0.45 ± 0.109, 0.39 ± 0.060, 0.23 ± 0.055 and 0.51 ± 0.074, respectively. Genetic correlations of different body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.23 to 0.84, and that of average daily gains during different periods ranged from -0.39 to 0.21. The phenotypic correlations of body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.28 to 0.78, and between average daily gains during different periods ranged from -0.35 to 0.01. The breeding values of Marwari rams were estimated by BLUP and DFREML methods of sire evaluation. The average breeding value of Marwari sires for body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were estimated as 3.14, 15.13, 21.14, 25.85 and 28.86 kg, respectively, using BLUP method and 3.08, 15.13, 21.54, 26.48 and 29.20 kg, respectively, by DFREML method. For average daily gain during birth to 3, 3 to 6 and 6 to12 months of ages, the average breeding values were estimated as 133.60, 66.75 and 38.66 g/day, respectively by BLUP method, and 134.39, 71.02 and 36.88 g/day by DFREML method of sire evaluation. The efficiency, accuracy and stability of both the methods of sire evaluation were compared to judge their effectiveness. DFREML method of sire evaluation was found more efficient and more stable than BLUP. However, BLUP was considered to be more accurate method of sire evaluation over DFREML for all the growth traits under study except for body weight at birth and six months of age. Positive estimates of rank correlations between body weight traits indicate that improvement in one trait might bring improvement in other traits also. However, the estimates of rank correlations were negative for average daily gain between ADG1-ADG3 and ADG2-ADG3. The higher rank correlations (> 0.8) between BLUP and DFREML methods of sire evaluation for various growth traits indicated that there was higher degree of similarity of ranking the sires (>80%) by both the methods of sire evaluation.
Open Access
Evaluation and Genetic Improvement of Sirohi Goats for Growth Performance under Rural Conditions in the Southern Rajasthan
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences College of Veterinary and Animal Science Bikaner - 334001, 19-10-13) BHAKAR, SUNIL KUMAR; Dr. S.B.S. Yadav
For present investigation growth records of 3465 Sirohi kids born during 2006-2012 in farmers flocks of the villages of the Nathdwara, Railmagra, Devegarh clusters of Rajasamand district, Bhadsoda cluster of Chittorgarh district and Vallabhnagar cluster of Udaipur district, maintained under ICAR sponsored All India Co ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Sirohi goats, Livestock Research Station, Udaipur (Raj.) were analyzed. The overall least-squares means were estimated as 2.10± 0.060, 13.29±0.428, 16.94±0.650, 20.00±0.868 and 24.87±1.105 kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. The effect of sire, cluster, year of birth, type of kidding and sex of kid were observed as highly significant (P≤0.01) on body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. The effect of season of birth was non-significant on birth weight but highly significant (P≤0.01) on body weights at 3, 9 and 12 months of age and significant (P≤0.05) on body weight at 6 months of age. The effect of parity of dam on body weights of kids was non-significant at birth, 3 and 9 months of age but highly significant (P≤0.01) at 6 months of age and significant (P≤0.05) at 12 months of age. The effect of dam’s weight at kidding on body weights of kids was estimated as positive and highly significant (P≤0.01) at birth, 3 and 12 months of age but non-significant at 6 and 9 months of age. The heritability estimates for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 0.50±0.087, 0.70±0.114, 0.62±0.108, 0.64±0.115 and 0.75±0.137, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between body weights at different ages were positive and ranged from 0.19± 0.149 to 0.93±0.028. Estimates for phenotypic correlations between body weights at different ages ranged from 0.21±0.023 to 0.77±0.019. Among 26 selection indices constructed by incorporating body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, in different combinations, the index I22 (0.3532 BWT + 0.2112 3WT + 0.1374 6WT + 0.1892 12WT) was adjudged best as it was more accurate (rIH= 0.4927) and resulted maximum genetic gain in 12 months body weight (0.8433). Among two stage selection indices, index MSI42 { (first stage = 0.1173 BWT + 0.1168 3WT + 0.1236 6WT) + (second stage= 0.4026 BWT + 0.2649 3WT + 0.2002 6WT + 0.0543 9WT + 0.2333 12 WT) } found more efficient (∆H= 1.3730) than others. Though the multistage selection resulted in slower gain but reduced the cost of selection.
Open Access
Genetic Evaluation of Growth and Reproduction of Marwari Sheep
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 22-04-10) GOHIL, GIRISH; S.B.S. Yadav
The data for the present investigation were analyzed from records of Sheep Research Project entitled "Improvement of Marwari Sheep for carpet wool production through selection" under Network Project on Sheep Improvement, located at the Arid Region Campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Bikaner. The data on body weights from birth to yearling age and reproduction traits spread over a period of 1996-2009 were included. The data were divided in to five periods. The overall means of body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 3.08±0.02, 15.22±0.20, 21.13±0.30, and 25.49±0.33 and 28.02±0.38 kg, respectively. For gain in body weights were 12.13±0.19, 5.97±0.15, 4.37±0.18, 2.67±0.20 and 24.92±0.36 kg and for average daily gain in body weights were 134.80±2.14, 66.47±1.73, 48.96±2.02, 31.23±2.25 and 68.28±1.00 g/day, respectively during 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12 and 0-12 months of age. Effect of period of birth, sex and sire on body weights, weight gain and average daily gain were found to be highly significant in all the age groups. However, effect of sex on average daily gain was significant on 9-12 months of age. Effect of the parity was found to be highly significant on body weights at birth, 3 months, 9 months and 12 months of age and on average daily gain during 69 months of age whereas significant effect on body weight at 6 months of age, on weight gain and average daily gain during 0-12 months while on weight gain as nonsignificant during 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months of age and on average daily gain during 0-3, 3-6 and 9-12 months of age. The interaction effect of sex with period on all age groups of body weights, weight gain and average daily gain was highly significant while non-significant on birth weight. The interaction effect of sex with parity was significant on birth weight and 12 months of body weight; during 0-12 months of age on weight gain and average daily gain while non-significant on 3, 6 and 9 months of body weights; during 0-3, 36, 6-9 and 9-12 months of age on weight gain and average daily gain. The overall least-squares mean for age at first service, weight of ewe at first service, age at first lambing, service period and lambing interval were observed to be 640.78±16.97 days, 28.18±0.26 kg, 794.15±21.84 days, 238.12±8.98 days and 384.21±10.10 days, respectively. The effect of sire and month on age at first service, weight of ewe at first service and age at first lambing was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) while non-significant on service period. The effect of sire on lambing interval was non-significant. The effect of month on lambing interval was significant (P≤0.05). The effect of period on age at first service, weight of ewe at first service and lambing interval was highly significant (P≤0.01) whereas significant (P≤0.05) on service period and non-significant on age at first lambing. Heritability of birth, three, six, nine and twelve months body weight was 0.328±0.062, 0.735±0.086, 0.865±0.092, 0.825±0.090 and 0.792±0.089, respectively, indicating that the selection of the sires and dams on the basis of their own body weights at 3 months of age might prove quite effective for bringing about genetic improvement. The genetic correlation of birth weight with weights at subsequent ages and weight at 3 months with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.416 to 0.481 and 0.624 to 0.886, respectively and that of 6 months with weights at subsequent ages ranged between 0.650 to 0.889. The genetic correlation of weight at 9 months with 12 months weight was 0.831±0.031. The positive correlations indicates that lambs with heavier birth weight and weaning weight might be heavier at subsequent ages. The phenotypic correlations of birth weight with weights at subsequent ages and weight at 3 months with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.312 to 0.422 and 0.543 to 0.723, respectively and that of 6 months with weights at subsequent ages ranged between 0.639 to 0.781. The phenotypic correlation of weight at 9 months with 12 months weight was 0.774±0.026.
Open Access
POLYMORPHISM IN BMP-15 GENE IN MARWARI GOAT
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bikaner-334001 (Rajasthan), 22-04-10) GODARA, ADITYA; G.C. Gahlot
The present study was undertaken to investigate polymorphism in BMP-15 (Fec XB and Fec XG in exon-2) gene in Marwari goats by RFLP pattern. Samples were collected from 60 unrelated goats of Marwari breed maintained at Daiya, kodemdaser, Deshnok and kalyansar farm of Bikaner district under the goat scheme. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein of Marwari goats. Genomic DNA was isolated from collected samples by phenol chloroform extraction method. Amplification of BMP- 15 gene was done by Polymerase Chain reaction using corresponding primers having product size of 153 bp and 141 bp for Fec XB and Fec XG gene respectively. DNA isolated from samples revealed proper amplification of exon-2 BMP-15 gene at Fec XB and Fec XG loci. Later on amplicons were purified by phenol extraction method. Restriction digestion of purified amplicons was done using appropriate restriction endonuclease enzyme for studying Restriction fragment length polymorphism in amplified PCR product. All amplified products revealed monomorphism after restriction digestion possessed similar band pattern for exon-2 BMP-15 at Fec XB and Fec XG loci.
Open Access
Genetic Evaluation of Lifetime Productivity in Tharparkar Cattle
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 29-05-08) TIKAM CHAND; Rajeev Kumar Joshi
1166 records of 177 Tharparkar cows maintained at Livestock Research Station, Chandan (Jaisalmer) were used over a period of 41 years (from 1965 to 2008) in the present investigation. The cows were evaluated in terms of reproduction, production parameters using all lactation and lifetime lactation records. Attempts were made to estimate the precise genetic parameters by considering different environmental effects simultaneously. The average age of heifers at first calving were observed to be 1876.17±40.66 days. The production and reproduction parameters obtained from over all lactation records were 2064.57±18.02 ltrs milk yield with 7.44±0.08 ltrs milk per day of lactation length and 5.14±0.06 ltrs milk per day of calving interval having lactation length of 288.68±3.14 days and dry period of 139.80±3.66 days. Cows of the herd had calving interval of 437.69±4.29days with service period of 152.04±4.58 days and gestation period of 284.53±0.76 days. Total lifetime milk production was estimated in the present investigation was 13968.84±772.03 ltrs and 1755.01±92.35 total number of day in milk with 4.87±0.14 ltrs milk yield per day of productive life and 7.11±0.27 ltrs milk yield per day of lactating life. Herd life and productive life were estimated as 4642.06±135.01 and 2864.41±135.01 days, respectively with 7.39±0.33 lactation per animal in its life. The effect of period and parity were evident on production, reproduction and lifetime production traits. The season of calving showed their effect only on some production performance. The winter season calvers were best in performance in production but longest dry ii period lactation length was also observed in the same season. The highest milk production of Tharparkar cows was achieved in fifth parity. Lowest dry period was observed in fourth lactation. Two factor interactions between period x parity were important source of variation for milk production traits (total milk yield, daily milk yield, and milk yield per day of calving interval). Interaction of season and parity was observed to be affecting calving interval and service period in reproduction traits. Whereas period and parity interaction showed effect on almost all production, reproduction and lifetime production traits. The age at first calving influenced almost all production traits under study. Age at first calving also affected calving interval and herd life. The regression of production traits on lactation length were highly significant (P≤0.01), which suggested that milk production traits should be adjusted for variation in lactation length. the inclusion of lactation length in the modal as a regression variable would reduce the error mean squares, thereby increases the efficiency of the modals. However, it reduces sire mean squares. The lower age at first calving would be beneficial for lifetime production traits. Heritability estimates was low to moderate for all traits under investigation except age at first calving and lifetime milk yield per day of productive life which was estimated as high. Herd and productive life of Tharparkar cows were quite good in the present study. Among the lifetime traits, the lowest percent of variability was observed for milk yield per day of lactating life. The heritability estimated with significance of period, season and parity of calving varied depending on the other effects included in the model. The inclusion of lactation length in the model as a regression variable would reduce the error mean squares; thereby increases the efficiency of the models The genetic correlation among reproduction and production traits were positive, except gestation period with age at first calving and service period, dry period and calving interval which suggested that optimum age for better production is required. Whereas, production traits had significant negative correlation with dry period and service period. This is desirable because unproductive life of the cow decreases by decreasing dry period and increasing lactation length. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among lifetime traits were moderate to high in the present investigation. Genetic and phenotypic correlation among lifetime traits were found positive and moderate to high mostly. High genetic correlation among these traits suggested that selection based on any of them would give better response for other lifetime traits also in Tharparkar cattle. The lifetime performance of the cows was much better than other indigenous breed.
Open Access
POPULATION STUDIES ON FIVE GENERA OF INTESTINAL BACTERIA OF SWINE
(RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, BIKANER - 334002, 1953) SINGH PUROHIT, MOHAN; STAFSETH, H J
Open Access
STUDIES ON VARIATIONS IN THE NUTRITIVE CONTENTS OF SEWAN GRASS (Lasiurus,Sindicus) AND ITS FEEDING VALUE IN SHEEP
(RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, BIKANER - 334001, 1966) RAM SAHAI KARWAARA; C S MATHUR
Open Access
OBSERVATIONS ON SOME QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF WOOL ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF COMMON FORAGES IN MAGRA SHEEP
(RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, BIKANER - 334001, 1966) SHYAM SUNDER PUROHIT
Open Access
STUDIES ON VARIOUS SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND INCIDENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE IN RAJASTHAN
(RAJASTAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY SCIENCES, BIKANER, 1966) CHANDRA BHARGAVA, SATHISH; MEHROTRA, P. N.
Open Access
STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIONS DUE TO ACID-FAST ORGANISMS IN CATTLE
(RAJASTAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY SCIENCES, BIKANER, 1966) KUMAR PUROHIT, ASHWINI; SINGH, MOHAN
Open Access
INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF MASTITIS IN CATTLE IN RAJASTHAN
(RAJASTAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY SCIENCES, BIKANER, 1966) BHATNAGAR, R. N.; MEHROTRA, P N
Open Access
Studies on Comparative Palatability of Common Forages & Observations on Body Weight in Magra Sheep
(RAJASTAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY SCIENCES, BIKANER, 1966) CHANDRA MATHUR, NARESH; MATHUR, C . S .

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