HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO PARENTAL DIVERSITY IN ONION (Allium ccpa L.)
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Date
2001-08-07
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE
Abstract
Onion, Allium cepa var. cepa L. is one of the important bulb crops cultivated
extensively in India and it is considered as second most important vegetable after
tomatoes in the world. Extent of heterosis was examined in relation to genetic
divergence in onion (Allium cepa L.) The material consisted of fifteen F1 hybrids
derived by corssing Ten parents. Mahalanobis' was used to estimate genetic
distance. The progenies were grouped into six clusters. Cluster I, possessed six parents
and nine hybrids followed by cluster II with one parent and two hybrids and cluster IV
with three hybrids. The cluster VI included one parent and one hybrid. Cluster III and
V were solitary clusters with single parent in each. Fresh bulb weight contributed
maximum towards divergence followed by split bulbs, marketable bulbs, storage loss in
weight, loss due to sprouting, plant height and loss due to rotting. Selection of parents
for hybridization based on fresh bulb weight, marketable bulbs and split bulbs would
lead to the selection of genetically divergent material. Heterosis was calculated over
mid parent, better parent and standard check.Heterosis was observed for most of the
characters except for number of leaves and neck thickness. Heterosis for yield to the
extent of upto 28.36 per cent as measured over standard check, was observed. The
parents were grouped into 3 clusters. The range, mean and standard deviation of intraand
inter- cluster divergence were used to define four divergence classes. The
frequency of heterotic crosses for most of the charaters were found to be higher in
crosses between the parents with intermediate divergence followed by highly divergent
genotypes. The parents Agri found rose, Nasik red and Arka bindu are suggested to
use as one of the parent to generate high yielding, better storage life and good quality
hybrids.
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