Stability and correlation studies for yield and seed developmental traits in desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
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Date
2018
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CCSHAU
Abstract
The present study comprised of three Gossypium arboreum varieties grown in six
environments under three different sowing periods viz., early, normal and late was carried out during
the kharif seasons in the year 2015 and 2016 in a randomized block design (RBD) at CCS Haryana
Agricultural University, Hisar. Daily weather data during crop seasons of both the years were
collected on meteorological aspects viz., rainfall (mm) and number of rainy days, maximum and
minimum temperature (°C), sunshine hours and relative humidity (%). Energy indices namely heat
unit, heliothermal unit and photothermal unit were computed using this data. These variables were
used to describe the prevailed weather situation for seed development.
The observations on five randomly selected plants from each replication in each
environment were recorded for morphological traits. The data were subjected to examine variability
parameters, such as coefficient of variation, association among seed cotton yield and component
traits and to study stability of various traits. Fibre quality traits were analyzed. Seed quality
parameters and biochemical parameters were also estimated.
The results indicated that among the environmental factors; minimum temperature, morning
and evening relative humidity and photo thermal units play important role in seed development. In
all the three varieties during both the years, early sown conditions were observed most suitable for
seed development and the period from August 1 to September 7 was observed most suitable for seed
development in all the sowing conditions. Number of flowers produced and number of boll setting
were higher in early sown conditions compared to normal sown conditions and least in late sown
conditions in all the three varieties whereas boll setting per cent were almost similar indicated the
advantage of early sown conditions for obtaining higher seed cotton yield. During the experimental
period a total of 22277 flowers of all the three sowing conditions were tagged in the variety HD 432,
20453 in HD 123 and 19554 in HD 324 and effective boll setting was 59.1%, 60.9% and 59.1%,
respectively.
Seed germination in early sown conditions was higher compared to normal sowing and it
further decreased under late sown conditions indicated the superiority of early sown conditions for
better seed development. Similarly highest protein content, oil content and sugar content were
observed in early sown conditions and gossypol content was minimum and vice-versa in later sown
conditions. It was observed that fibre quality parameters were least affected by varying
environmental conditions.
Seed cotton yield per plant showed highly significant positive correlation with lint yield per
plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, number of seeds per boll, number of
monopods per plant, plant height, days to boll bursting and days to first flower.
The path-coefficient analysis suggested the importance of lint yield per plant, number of
bolls per plant, seed index, boll weight and plant height as they exhibited positive direct effects on
seed cotton yield. The estimation of environmental additive effects (Ij) revealed that early sown
conditions during both the seasons were most suitable for seed cotton yield (g/plant), days to first
flower, plant height, lint yield (g/plant), number of bolls /plant and lint index.
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