Toxicological evaluation of indoxacarb and its amelioration by Hedychium spicatum L. in WLH cockerels and HepG2 cell culture models
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Date
2016-09
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
This research work was undertaken to assess the immunotoxicological potential of indoxacarb and its amelioration following administration of Hedychium spicatum rhizome powder (HSRP) @ 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm in feed for 16 weeks study in White Leghorn Cockerels by determining the hematobiochemical and antioxidant parameters. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolics, glycoside, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, diterpine, resins, fat and oils, phytosterols and tannins. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant property of different extracts by DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide free radical scavenging assay showed that the methanolic extract has minimum IC50 in comparison to other extracts. Methanolic extract contained maximum concentrations of flavonoid and phenolics and also possessed in vitro anthelmintic efficacy against Hemonchus contortus. Forty nine male white leghorn chicks were divided equally and randomly into seven groups viz. I, II, III, IV, V VI and VII. Group I served as control and other groups were fed medicated ration as indoxacarb @ 250 ppm in II, silymarin @ 250 ppm in III, silymarin @250 ppm + indoxacarb @ 250 ppm in IV, HSRP @ 4000 ppm in group V, HSRP @ 2000 ppm + indoxacarb @ 250 ppm in group VI and HSRP @ 4000 ppm + indoxacarb @ 250 ppm in group VII, respectively, for 16 weeks and parameters were recorded at 8 and 16 weeks interval. A significant (P<0.05) decline in body weight and body weight gain was measured in indoxacarb treated cockerels, whereas, HSRP and silymarin treatments revealed an improvement in body weight gain. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, ALC, AHC and lymphocyte % was observed in indoxacarb treated birds and a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC was observed after treatment with HSRP. A significant decline in total serum protein, albumin, globulin and glucose in indoxacarb treated cockerels while significant (P<0.05) improvement in serum protein and glucose by HSRP and silymarin medication. A significant (P<0.05) increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT was observed in cockerels treated with indoxacarb whereas, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in these parameters by supplemention with HSRP in dose dependent manner. A significant (P<0.05) decline in catalase, SOD, GSH, GPx and GST activity in RBC whereas an increase in LPO in RBC was observed in group II, however, these parameters were returned to normalcy following simultaneous medication with HSRP in groups VI and VII after 16 weeks. A significant (P<0.05) increase in tissue LPO, GPx and GST whereas significant reduction in tissues GSH, CAT and SOD observed in cockerels of indoxacarb treated Group II, whereas, a significant (P<0.05) improvement was observed in these parameters by supplemention with HSRP. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum IgY, IL-2, INF-γ and LST, MFT and CDNB reactivity by measuring the thickness of skin was observed in indoxacarb treated group II and simultaneous feeding of HSRP showed the amelioration which was at par with control. The sperm motility and sperm count was decreased significantly (P<0.05) whereas % dead sperm was increased significantly in indoxacarb treated cockerels. Simultaneous feeding of HSRP produces the protective effects. The SOD and CAT gene expression was significantly down regulated in indoxacarb treated group in comparison to control and feeding of HSRP showed down regulation but less than the indoxacarb treated groups. Whereas GPx, IL-2 and CYP1A1 gene were upregulated significantly (P<0.05) in indoxacarb treated group I in comparison to control but simultaneous feeding of HSRP produces improvement in the expression of these genes.
Histopathological and ultra structural changes in liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, brain and testes were observed in indoxacarb treated groups whereas treatment with HSRP ameliorated the lesion.
It is concluded from this study that the extracts of Hedychium spicatum have potent antioxidant and anthelmintic properties, and also produced amelioration in PCM induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line model. The rhizome powder of Hedychium spicatum @ 2000 ppm and @ 4000 ppm produced significant amelioration in indoxacarb @ 250 ppm induced haemotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and oxidative effects and immunosuppression following administration for 16 weeks in WLH cockerels.
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Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology