BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (FR.) TUL. ON MALESTERILE WHEAT AND BARLEY
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Date
1970
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE
Abstract
The seriousness of ergot caused by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
in male sterile barley and wheat has prompted further study of the
biology of this pathogen. For evaluation of various control measures,
a technique of Inoculation was developed and involved the removal of
the upper 2 - 4 mm of the glumes prior to inoculation with a conidial
suspension using an atomizer. Use of this technique resulted in n e a r ly
100% head and floret infection whereas previously described methods
resulted in 2 0 - 6 0 % head infection. Studies on inoculation density
revealed that maximum infection occurred with 105 or more conidia per
ml. Studies on duration of infection period of unfertilized and
fertilized ovaries indicated that inoculation during and shortly after
anthesis resulted in the highest levels of floret infection Resulted in the highest levels of floret infection. With unfertilized
florets, susceptibility declined at 10days and was lost
Completely 15days after the initiation of an thesis. Fertilized
Ovaries were susceptible right after fertilization. After the ovaries
Had been fertilized for 4days susceptibility decreased until no infection
Occurred 9days after fertilization .Many chemicals were
Screened for their effectiveness in inhibiting germination and growth
Of C. purpurea. Benomyl at 10ppm inhibited germination of conidia
While growth was completely inhibitedat 20ppm. Under field cond
Itions using male sterile barley, 2400ppm benomyl applied three
Times just prior to and during anthesis gave some control of ergot.
To determine why economy did not give complete control various conentrations of benomyl were applied to florets with the upper portion of their glumes removed which had been previously inoculated with C. purpurea. Using this method, floret infection was reduced from 94% to
11% with 1000ppm benomyl and to 0% ,if a wetting agent such as Triton
X-77 or Multifilm Buffer X was used along with 1000ppm benomyl. This
Indicated that benomyl must reach the surface of the ovary at or before
Infection to be effective since benomyl did not act as an eradicant
Against this pathogen.
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No . of references 57