Study on Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides in the Predator Management of Katki lac Crop in Malhara Village, Barghat Block, Seoni District M.P.
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Date
2013
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JNKVV
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Profile of participating women Lac growers
In present study there were among the 10 participating women lac growers, marginal landholders were maximum (80%).Among the remaining two one each consisted of small and large holders. Lac is a low input enterprises thus it is more popular among marginal landholders in the rainfed Seoni district.
Seoni district is predominantly a mono-cropped and rainfed area, where rice is the main crop. The share of the annual household income of Lac growers from Lac ranged from 21.42 to 80.36 per cent with a mean of 41.75 per cent. Thus, there is lesser incidence of migration and suicide cases in the district.
Population density growth of K Lacca
The broodlac inoculated varied from 500g to 1000g per B monosperma tree, depending upon its size. The mean population density per 2.5 sq cm from 30 days after BLI till the harvest (110 days after BLI) showed a significant loss in the number of Lac insects. The mean population density (per 2.5 sq cm.) varied from 85.63, 83.45 to 83.86 among the Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Control, respectively at 30 days after BLI. It reduced to 25.05 in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, 26.62 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and 22.63 in Control at harvest 110 day after BLI.
The male lac insect emergence was observed at 40 day after BLI (i.e. on 30thAugust 2012).The mean population density of male though ranged from 32.22 (Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45), 30.34 (Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45) and 33.07 (Control).No significant difference among the treatments, is an indication of the fact that the applied insecticides were safe for the male lac insects. The males constituted 62.37, 63.64 and 60.56 per cent of the initial lac insect settlement among the respective treatments. The male lived for a short period before their mating and death.
Transmission loss (TL) defined as the loss in the number of Lac insect per 2.5 sq cm from BLI to harvest or at the maturity of the Lac crop. It can be either from BLI to harvest or from male emergence stage to harvest. Transmission loss was observed from 30 day after BLI to harvest of the mature Lac crop. It was 37.63, 49.02, 60.59, 70.55 and 70.75 per cent at 40, 45, 60, 90, and 110 day respectively in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, 36.36, 47.39, 58.74, 67.88, 68.10 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and 38.62, 52.60, 65.07, 72.73, 73.01 per cent respectively in Control. TL of lac insect from BLI to harvest is a recent study.
Impact of pesticides application
Male emergence
The male lac insect emergence was observed at 40 day after BLI. The males constituted 62.37, 63.64 and 60.56 per cent of the initial lac insect settlement among Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Control respectively. The mean population density of male though ranged from 25.67 to 37.07. There was no significant difference in the population density of male among different treatment. This indicates that the sprayed Cartap hydrochloride and Emamectin benzoate are safe for male insect.
Sex ratio
Sex ratio is an important production factor in case of lac insect. Unlike female lac insects which live longer till harvest to produce lac, the male lived for a short period before their mating and death after their emergence. Female lac insect produces lac and therefore the production depends on the number of female insects alive till harvest.
There was higher number of female lac insects per male in Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (1:1.34) and Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 (1:1.44) in comparison to the Control (1:1.20). Low number female in the Control to may be due to loss female insects by predators and parasitoids infestation in an unprotected condition.
Female lac insects
The mean population density (per 2.5 sq cm) of live female lac insects at harvest i.e. at maturity varied from 19.87 to 29.87. There was a significant difference the population density at harvest among the three treatments. It was highest 26.62 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, lowest 22.63 in Control, while (25.05) in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45.There were more live lac insects in case of pesticide applications than control. In comparison to lac grower practice there was 14.99 per cent more live lac insects in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, while 9.66 per cent in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45. It is again an indication that pesticide (Emamectin benzoate, Cartap hydrochloride) application had no detrimental effect on the female lac insects.
Yield of BroodLac
The participating lac grower manages their Broodlac Farm. They therefore do not scrap the sticklac but sell it as brood lac. There was a significant difference in the brood lac production among the treatments. It was highest (6.72 kg) in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, followed by that (5.68 kg) Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 and Control (4.96 kg).
In comparison to the untreated Control there was an avoidable yield loss was 12.67 per cent (Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45) and 26.19 per cent in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 in the present study.
Mean weight of 100 Lac Cells (Fresh weight)
The mean fresh weight of 100 mature healthy lac cells obtained from the sticklac at harvest did not differed significantly among three treatments. The mean weight of 100 mature lac cells was highest 4.08 g in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, followed Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (4.04 g) and Control Lac growers practice i.e. no use of insecticides (3.66). It means irrespective of treatments, there was a uniform growth in all the live and healthy Lac cells.
Mean weight of 100 Lac Cells (Dry weight)
The mean dry weight of 100 healthy cells of lac insect was obtained seven days after shady drying. There was no significant difference among three treatments. It was highest in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 (2.54 g) followed Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (2.43 g) and Control (2.24 g). As mentioned earlier if the Lac insect is healthy and live, the lac production is not affected by the insecticide treatments.
Management of predators and parasitoids
Pesticides application significantly reduced the mean number of predators and parasitoids infected lac cell per 30 cm of sticklac at harvest. The number of predators and parasitoids infected lac cells were highest (26.20) in case of Control, comparatively low (14.47)in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (13.17). The latter two was at par with each other. The mean weight of predators and parasitoids infected lac cell per 30 cm of sticklac was counted at harvest. It was also significantly highest (0.80 g) in Control and lowest in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (0.43 g) and T2 (0.61 g). Latter two was at par with each other.
Economics of treatments
The broodlac yield per B monosperma was highest (6.72 kg) in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and lowest (4.96 kg) in case of Control. In case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, it was (5.68 kg).The broodlac produced under predator management was qualitatively and quantitatively superior, therefore fetched higher price (Rs 350Kg) is comparison (Rs 300Kg) to that of the control.
Net profit
The net profit was highest (Rs 2051.76 per tree) in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45followed by (Rs 1712.92 per tree) Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 and it was lowest (Rs 1267.21 per tree) in case of Control. The cost-Benefit ratio was highest (1:6.05) in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 followed by Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (1:5.44) and it was lowest (1:4.76) in case of Control.