STUDIES ON SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS VIS-À-VIS USE OF PESTICIDES IN RICE ECOSYSTEM OF GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
| dc.contributor.advisor | CHERUKURI SREENIVASA RAO | |
| dc.contributor.author | VALLURI JHANSI HIMA VARSHA | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-02T10:50:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-02T10:50:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-12-02 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The studies were carried out on occurrence of insect pests, insecticide usage pattern and pesticide residues in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2020-21 in NSJ Canal area and kharif 2021-22 in Krishna Western Delta in 45 and 90 farmers fields, respectively. The farm gate and market rice samples were analyzed at ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited Pesticide Formulation and Residue Analytical Centre (PFRAC) of National Institute of Plant Health Management. Seasonal occurrence of insect pests during rabi 2020-21 in NSJ Canal area revealed that rice leaf folder, yellow stem borer, brown planthopper, white backed planthopper, armyworm and gall midge incidence was found in the entire crop growth period among which leaf folder, yellow stem borer incidence was more evident and the pest incidence was always below the ETL. The incidence of all insect pests was below ETL due to application of 345 pesticides in 177 applications / sprayings, with an average of 4.32 sprayings / applications per farmer, and 8.41 pesticides in each field during the crop season. The commonly used pesticides in the area were acephate, flubendiamide and propineb, out of a total of 34 pesticide formulations (17 insecticides; 12 fungicides; 4 herbicides and one bio chemical product) used by the farmers. The farmers of the area majorly used (92.75%) recommended pesticides, but 45.94 per cent of the pesticide applications at higher doses. Seasonal occurrence of insect pests during kharif 2021-22 in KWD area revealed that leaf folder, yellow stem borer, brown planthopper, rice hispa and rice leafhopper incidence was found but always below the ETL except for BPH where the pest has crossed ETLs in very few fields in one week. The incidence of insect pests was below ETL, due to application of 703 pesticides in 280 applications / sprayings, with an average of 3.45 sprayings per farmer, and use of 8.67 pesticides. xxvi The commonly used pesticides in the area are bispyribac sodium, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl, all herbicides, because the farmers in this area follow direct seeding of rice. Among insecticides, and fungicides, pymetrozine and hexaconazole, respectively, were highly used. A total of 50 pesticide formulations (25 insecticides; 20 fungicides; one bactericide; three herbicides and one unregistered product i.e., bio chemical pesticide) are used in the area. The majority of the pesticide applications (92.32 %) with recommended pesticides, and applied (57.01 %) with recommended doses. A comprehensive study on general awareness and knowledge of farmers on pesticide use and handling reveals that majority of the farmers in the study areas were unaware about the recommended pesticides in rice, pesticide classification based on toxicity, pesticide residues in food, rejection of the food exports due to pesticide residues, use of personal protection equipment, and disposal of empty containers. A significant relation was found between the educational qualification of farmers and awareness on first aid practices and toxicity classification. However, it was recorded that majority of them in both areas were using recommended pesticides in rice as per the suggestions of pesticide dealers / officials of department, as majority of the farmers contact retail pesticide shop dealers (82.22 % in NSJ Canal area and 66.3 % in KWD area). The farm-gate rice (de-husked brown) samples from ZBNF farmers and polished rice samples from market were free from pesticide residues, due to non application of pesticides in ZBNF farms and may be removal of pesticide residues due to processing in polished rice samples. About 28.8 % of farm-gate rice (de-husked brown) samples from NSJ canal area were detected with pesticide residues, but all with recommended pesticides only. However, the use of higher dosages of pesticides (94.44 % applications of propiconazole; 37.5 % applications of hexaconazole) in the area led to occurrence of pesticide residues above FSSAI MRL in 10 % samples with propiconazole, 4 % samples with hexaconazole and 4 % samples with buprofezin residues above FSSAI MRLs. About 25.5 % of farm-gate rice (de-husked brown) samples from NSJ canal area were detected with pesticide residues, but all with recommended pesticides only. However, the use of higher dosages of pesticides (100 % applications of quinalphos; 42.85 % applications of thiamethoxam) in the area led to occurrence of pesticide residues above FSSAI MRL in 9 % samples, where quinalphos and thiamethoxam residues were above MRLs. Risk assessment was conducted taking Highest Residue (HR) into consideration for each pesticide in rice and it was revealed that the hazard quotients (HQ) for individual pesticides and the hazard index (HI) which is cumulative of all the detected pesticides from all the samples were less than unity i.e., HQ and HI < 1, indicating that food is safe for consumption. The comprehensive studies on pest and pesticide management in two major rice areas in Guntur district reveals that the insect pests were under control due to continuous use of pesticides, principally the recommended pesticides as per CIBRC, but sprayed at higher doses incase of insecticides and fungicides. The awareness on safe handling and reading the labels found to be lacking among farmers in both areas. Residue analysis for rice collected from study area farmers indicate that about 10 % samples are with residues above FSSAI MRLs, and residues can be managed through simple mitigation advisories such as avoiding use of higher doses through extension networks. | |
| dc.identifier.other | D6412 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810202029 | |
| dc.keywords | SEASONAL OCCURRENCE | |
| dc.keywords | INSECT PESTS | |
| dc.keywords | VIS-À-VIS USE | |
| dc.keywords | PESTICIDES | |
| dc.keywords | ECOSYSTEM | |
| dc.keywords | GUNTUR DISTRICT | |
| dc.language.iso | English | |
| dc.pages | 368 | |
| dc.publisher | Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | D6412; D6412 | |
| dc.sub | Entomology | |
| dc.theme | STUDIES ON SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS VIS-À-VIS USE OF PESTICIDES IN RICE ECOSYSTEM OF GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH | |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | |
| dc.title | STUDIES ON SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS VIS-À-VIS USE OF PESTICIDES IN RICE ECOSYSTEM OF GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH | |
| dc.type | Thesis |